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    <title>Results for Journal of Sports Sciences</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Ein robustes Deep-Learning-Framework zur Unterscheidung des Leistungsniveaus bei Tennisschlägen unter Verwendung bilateraler IMU-Messungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098809</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098809</guid>
      <author>Aydin, E. H.</author>
      <author>Aydemir, O.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Inertialmesssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lernen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>deep learning</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Aydin, E. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Aydemir, O.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In tennis, where performance is governed by complex kinetic chain interactions, objective skill classification is vital for coaching and talent identification. This study presents a hierarchical deep learning framework leveraging synchronized bilateral Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data from 39 participants (11 elite, 28 amateur). The proposed system successfully distinguishes expertise levels across a total of 4594 strokes, including augmented samples. A hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-BiLSTM) architecture was developed to autonomously extract spatiotemporal features from the raw kinematic signals of forehand, backhand, service, and volley strokes. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 95.54%, significantly outperforming both traditional machine learning and state-of-the-art deep learning benchmarks. Qualitative t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) analyses revealed that elite athletes form highly homogeneous clusters in the feature space. Furthermore, quantitative Asymmetry Index assessments confirmed that professionals exhibit superior bilateral coordination stability. These findings demonstrate that the proposed end-to-end system offers a robust, field-applicable solution for identifying technical excellence. It provides coaches with reliable digital biomarkers, thereby overcoming the limitations of subjective visual observation.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Längsschnittuntersuchung zur Entwicklung der neuromuskulären Leistungsfähigkeit und der multidirektionalen Geschwindigkeit bei jugendlichen Badmintonspielern: Hinweise auf parallele Anpassungsverläufe</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098811</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098811</guid>
      <author>Gepfert, M.</author>
      <author>Golas, A.</author>
      <author>Maszczyk, A.</author>
      <author>Zajac, A.</author>
      <author>Zwierzchowska, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Badminton</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schnelligkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Langzeitstudie</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gepfert, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Golas, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Maszczyk, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zajac, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zwierzchowska, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined long-term neuromuscular and multidirectional speed development in elite youth badminton players and evaluated whether developmental stage influences adaptation trajectories during systematic training. Thirty athletes were monitored over 16 months with repeated assessments at five time points and stratified into Younger (8-14 years) and Older (15-22 years) developmental groups. A comprehensive test battery assessed explosive strength, reactive strength, musculotendinous stiffness, and badminton-specific multidirectional speed. Data acquisition was performed using a multi-sensor approach, including force-platform-based jump analysis, accelerometry-based systems, and electronic timing gates, enabling the objective, high-resolution, and repeatable monitoring of neuromuscular performance. Significant time effects were observed across all sensor-derived performance variables (p < 0.001), indicating robust improvements in speed, power, and neuromuscular efficiency. Adaptation trajectories were predominantly linear, with no evidence of performance plateauing. Although older athletes maintained higher absolute performance levels, Time × Group interactions were largely absent, demonstrating parallel improvement rates across developmental stages rather than a catch-up effect in younger players. Linear mixed models confirmed equivalent improvement slopes despite baseline differences, and adjustment for body mass attenuated but did not eliminate age-group differences in jump performance. Exploratory analyses revealed substantial inter-individual variability, identifying responder phenotypes independent of age. These findings indicate that systematically progressed training supports sustained, linear neuromuscular adaptation across youth badminton development and highlight the importance of long-term, individualized monitoring over age-based expectations of accelerated responsiveness.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vergleichende Analyse markierungsfreier Motion-Capture-Modelle zur Bewertung der Kinematik im Fußball bei 30-Meter-Langpass-Übungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098812</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098812</guid>
      <author>Wang, D.</author>
      <author>Yu, J.</author>
      <author>Chen, S.</author>
      <author>Yang, J.</author>
      <author>Jiang, W.</author>
      <author>Gong, Y.</author>
      <author>Luo, C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Passspiel</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gong, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study was based on a 30 m inside-foot long-pass scenario and aimed to preliminarily evaluate the agreement between MediaPipe Pose, DWPose, YOLO-Pose, and Xsens, as well as their practical utility under real-field conditions. Twelve elite male football players performed 15 consecutive long-passes, with data collected simultaneously using Xsens and two smartphones positioned at 15° and 35° to the right front of the participants. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC (2,1)) and Bland-Altman analysis were used to evaluate discrete kinematic measures. Continuous kinematic agreement was assessed using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Coefficient of Multiple Determination (CMD), while Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) and Statistical non-Parametric Mapping (SnPM) compared differences across the entire analysis interval. Across the three models, CMD ranged from 0.13 ± 0.17 to 0.67 ± 0.25, and RMSE ranged from 9.88 ± 8.20° to 39.92 ± 10.44°. The SPM and SnPM results showed that significant differences were mainly concentrated in the bilateral hip, knee, and ankle joints. The three models cannot yet be used for field-based high-precision kinematic data measurement; however, MediaPipe Pose and DWPose may be selectively used for rapid screening of movement patterns and analysis of movement trends in football-specific technical movements.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Anpassungsfähiges Tempo und Belastungssteuerung in der thailändischen Fußball-Premier-League: Eine GPS-basierte Analyse der Spielanforderungen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097083</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097083</guid>
      <author>Nuttouch, W.</author>
      <author>Nakarabandid, P.</author>
      <author>Khaosanit, P.</author>
      <author>Tongterm, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsgestaltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Nuttouch, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nakarabandid, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Khaosanit, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tongterm, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background and Study Aim: Soccer is characterized by continuous alternation between high-intensity efforts and recovery phases, requiring players to sustain repeated sprints, accelerations, and directional changes. Managing fatigue effectively during these demanding actions helps maintain performance throughout a match. Although Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is widely applied to quantify external workload in elite sports, its relative effectiveness in assessing pacing and match intensity under tropical conditions remains a subject of practical interest. The aim of this study was to examine half-time differences, analyze intensity-zone distribution, and test the adaptive pacing hypothesis in professional soccer players. 

Material and Methods: Sixteen male players from Rajpracha Football Club (N = 16; mean age = 27.7 ± 1.34 years; BMI = 21.1 ± 1.75 kg/m²) were monitored across 22 official matches. Variables included total distance covered (TDC), distances across five intensity zones (Zones 1-5), and sprint-related metrics. Paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA with Tukey`s post hoc comparisons (p < 0.05) were applied. Effect sizes (Cohen`s d) were calculated to assess practical significance. 

Results: The findings confirmed the adaptive pacing hypothesis. A large and significant reduction was observed in TDC and submaximal running (Zones 1-3) during the second half (Cohen`s d * 0.96), while high-speed running (Zones 4-5) and sprint metrics remained stable. Positional heat maps revealed distinct workload profiles corresponding to the tactical roles of defenders, midfielders, and forwards. 

Conclusions: Thai professional players demonstrated advanced behavioral and physiological adaptation by regulating effort to preserve decisive high-intensity performance under tropical fatigue conditions. These results provide baseline evidence for the Thai Premier League and highlight a pedagogical need for situational pacing instruction and position-specific conditioning programs. Such programs should emphasize the quality of high-intensity effort rather than total volume. Future studies should integrate internal physiological indicators and predictive analytics to optimize workload management in professional soccer.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wirksamkeit eines integrierten neuromuskulären Trainings zur gleichzeitigen Verringerung des Risikos von Verletzungen des vorderen Kreuzbandes und der ischiokruralen Muskulatur bei jugendlichen Fußballspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097084</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097084</guid>
      <author>Marwat, M. K.</author>
      <author>Farah, H.</author>
      <author>Mehmood, K.</author>
      <author>Hussain, S.</author>
      <author>Arif, T.</author>
      <author>Basit, A.</author>
      <author>Khan, M. A.</author>
      <author>Iqbal, Y.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreuzband</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ischiokrurale Muskeln</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prävention</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Marwat, M. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Farah, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mehmood, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hussain, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arif, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Basit, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Khan, M. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Iqbal, Y.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background and Study Aim: Football is a physically demanding sport with a high risk of injuries, particularly anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and hamstring strain injuries (HSIs). These injuries often lead to re-injury, prolonged rehabilitation, and reduced career longevity. Although various preventive strategies are applied, their relative effectiveness in reducing such risks among adolescent male footballers remains a matter of practical concern. This study aimed to determine the effects of integrated neuromuscular training on key injury-related risk factors. 

Material and Methods: Sixty-eight male adolescent footballers aged 16-18 years from two academies in Lakki Marwat were recruited for the study. Sixty-two participants completed the intervention, while six withdrew for personal reasons. The intervention group (n = 31) followed an eight-week INT program, consisting of four sessions per week, each lasting 80-90 minutes. The control group (n = 31) continued their routine football training. Pre- and post-test assessments were conducted to evaluate the effects of INT on the dependent variables. The Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA) was used to analyze landing biomechanics, a key risk factor for ACL injury. Isokinetic dynamometry was used to assess hamstring strength and calculate the conventional (Hcon:Qcon) and functional (Hexc:Qcon) hamstring-to-quadriceps ratios. The Active Knee Extension (AKE) test was used to assess hamstring flexibility. 

Results: The most significant result in the INT group was a 51% reduction in the TJA score, supported by a large effect size (d = 2.41). Overall, large effect sizes (d = 1.56-1.73) confirmed the intervention`s potential effectiveness, as the INT group showed significant improvements from pre- to post-test in all tested variables. 

Conclusions: Significant positive changes were observed in TJA scores, indicating improved landing mechanics and a lower risk of ACL injury. Additionally, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in muscle peak torque, Hcon:Qcon ratio, Hexc:Qcon ratio, and AKE range of motion. These findings confirm that INT can simultaneously reduce key risk factors related to both movement mechanics and muscle strength for ACL and HSIs in adolescent male footballers.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Beziehung zwischen technisch-taktischen Indikatoren der Aufmerksamkeit und der Kreativität und den Anstrengungszonen bei Jugendfußballspielern während eines Wettkampfs</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097086</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097086</guid>
      <author>Oprea, B.</author>
      <author>Potop, V.</author>
      <author>Mihailescu, L. E.</author>
      <author>Fleancu, J. L.</author>
      <author>Cojanu, F.</author>
      <author>Cucui, G. G.</author>
      <author>Pricop, A. D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Konzentration</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreativität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Oprea, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Potop, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mihailescu, L. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fleancu, J. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cojanu, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cucui, G. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pricop, A. D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background and study aim: Cognitive performance, specifically attention and creativity, contributes to the tactical effectiveness of youth football players. This contribution becomes evident when actions are executed under competitive physiological constraints. Examining how physical demands interact with perceptual and cognitive processes may support the development of training methodologies and competitive decision-making strategies. This study aims to analyze the relationship between technical-tactical indicators of attention and creativity and effort-zone parameters in young football players. 

Material and methods: Twelve male football players (10-12 years old) from CSS1 Pajura Bucharest participated voluntarily in the study. Competition monitoring was conducted in 2022 and included 15 official matches in Series I and 14 matches in Series II. Functional parameters were assessed using Polar Vantage V devices. These parameters included heart rate (HR), running speed, total distance, and effort-zone distribution (Z1-Z5). Technical-tactical indicators of attention (CARR%) and creativity (ICV%) were quantified through video analysis. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients (p < 0.05) were calculated using KyPlot 6.0. 

Results: Competition effort showed a predominantly aerobic profile (Z1 + Z2 * 53% by HR), interspersed with repeated short anaerobic episodes (Z3-Z5 * 39%). Speed zones revealed mainly slow-to-moderate movements. This indicates that physiological intensity was largely generated by frequent game actions rather than locomotor velocity. Attention performance remained high and stable across matches (CARR 71.95-78.69%). Creativity values were consistently higher in Series II (ICV 7.69-9.09%). Correlation analysis revealed both positive and negative associations between cognitive and physical indicators. Moderate positive correlations were observed between attention and creativity indicators and moderate-intensity zones (R = 0.30-0.46). In contrast, high effort (HR-Z5) was associated with reduced cognitive efficiency (R = *0.25 to *0.43). 

Conclusions: The interaction between physiological load and cognitive-tactical performance should be considered when planning training and competition strategies for young football players. Attention to effort-zone regulation and its cognitive implications may assist coaches in structuring training tasks that account for both physical and cognitive demands. The combined assessment of physiological and technical-tactical indicators provides a framework for informed training design and decision-making support.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ernährung als fehlendes Element in der Entwicklung von männlichen Jugendfußballspielern: Eine Übersichtsarbeit und zukünftige Richtungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097092</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097092</guid>
      <author>Martinho, D.</author>
      <author>Gonzalo-Skok, O.</author>
      <author>Chamari, K.</author>
      <author>Field, A.</author>
      <author>Clemente, F.</author>
      <author>Rebelo, A.</author>
      <author>Gouveia, É.</author>
      <author>Teixeira, V. H.</author>
      <author>Zmijewski, P.</author>
      <author>Mendes, P.</author>
      <author>Campos, P.</author>
      <author>Sarmento, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ergogenes Mittel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Energiestoffwechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Wissen</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Martinho, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gonzalo-Skok, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chamari, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Field, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Clemente, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rebelo, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gouveia, É.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Teixeira, V. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zmijewski, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mendes, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Campos, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sarmento, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The literature on nutrition in soccer has extensively focused on adult male and female soccer players, while knowledge regarding nutritional issues in youth soccer players remains limited. This review aims to summarize the findings related to nutritional habits and ergogenic aid practices among male youth soccer players. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist, four databases were consulted on September 17, 2024. Studies that included youth soccer players and examined daily energy intake or expenditure, as well as the effects of ergogenic aids on performance, met the eligibility criteria for this review. In total, 42 studies were considered. Among these, 22 studies focused on energy expenditure and dietary intake, while 20 studies investigated the effects of ergogenic aids on performance. Overall, a negative energy balance was observed; however, after adjusting for the underestimation of energy intake, an adequate intake compared to energy expenditure was found in this review. Additionally, carbohydrate intake tended to decrease with age, while protein intake remained stable throughout adolescence. The topic of macronutrient periodization in youth players requires further research, as no data is currently available regarding macronutrient intake. Additionally, data concerning the effects of ergogenic aids on performance is limited due to variability in methodological procedures. Nevertheless, caffeine and creatine appear to have a positive effect on physical capabilities. This review provides reference data for nutritionists working with youth soccer players and highlights the need for future research in this area.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Abendliche Smartphone-Belastung beeinträchtigt die Schlafqualität und die Leistung am nächsten Tag bei Elite-Fußballern: Eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097093</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097093</guid>
      <author>Dridi, N.</author>
      <author>Souissi, M. A.</author>
      <author>Dridi, R.</author>
      <author>Ceylan, H.</author>
      <author>Bragazzi, N.</author>
      <author>Salem, A.</author>
      <author>Fekih, S.</author>
      <author>Chtara, M.</author>
      <author>Mkaouer, B.</author>
      <author>Chtourou, H.</author>
      <author>Dergaa, I.</author>
      <author>Souissi, N.</author>
      <author>Stefanica, V.</author>
      <author>Mijewski, P.</author>
      <author>Morgans, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schlaf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Qualität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Smartphone</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Dridi, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Souissi, M. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dridi, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ceylan, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bragazzi, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Salem, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fekih, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chtara, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mkaouer, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chtourou, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dergaa, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Souissi, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Stefanica, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mijewski, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Morgans, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to examine the effects of pre-bedtime smartphone use on sleep quality and athletic performance in soccer players while also investigating potential time-of-day variations. In this randomized controlled crossover trial, 16 male elite-level players were assigned to either use a smartphone for two hours prior to bedtime or read magazines (control), separated by a one-week washout period. Participants completed morning and afternoon performance tests (cognitive and physical assessments) and sleep quality measurements. Nocturnal smartphone use significantly impaired sleep quality, increasing sleepiness after days 3 and 5 (p < 0.01; d=5.74, d=5.72, respectively), decreasing total sleep time, increasing sleep onset latency, and reducing sleep efficiency (all p < 0.01; d=1, d=4.59). Cognitive performance initially showed improved afternoon results, although following five days of smartphone use, this pattern reversed with enhanced morning performance (p < 0.01; d=0.53, d=1.48). Simple and choice reaction times deteriorated significantly in afternoon sessions compared to both baseline and control conditions (p < 0.01; d=0.96-3.47). Physical performance tests revealed decreased jumping ability and slower reactive agility times following five nights of smartphone use, particularly in afternoon sessions (p < 0.01; d=0.85 0.91). Five consecutive nights of pre-bedtime smartphone use impaired sleep quality and both cognitive and physical performance in elite soccer players, with stronger effects in afternoon sessions. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing device-free periods prior to bedtime and potentially adjusting training schedules when evening screen exposure is unavoidable. Future research should explore countermeasures for managing evening device exposure in elite athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Rolle der künstlichen Intelligenz im Sporttraining: Chancen, Herausforderungen und künftige Anwendungen im Leistungsschwimmen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097097</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097097</guid>
      <author>Puce, L.</author>
      <author>Mijewski, P.</author>
      <author>Cotellessa, F.</author>
      <author>Schenone, C.</author>
      <author>Ceylan, H. I.</author>
      <author>Bragazzi, N. L.</author>
      <author>Trompetto, C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsplanung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>anaerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>aerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>künstliche Intelligenz</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Puce, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mijewski, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cotellessa, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Schenone, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ceylan, H. I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bragazzi, N. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Trompetto, C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[AI-based chatbots are increasingly used to design training programs, but their effectiveness for elite athletes is unclear. This study assessed ChatGPT-4`s ability to generate weekly training plans for elite swimmers and sprinters. Twenty-three coaches and thirty-six athletes rated the AI-generated plans using a 5-point Likert scale in three areas: weekly frequency, intensity adjustments, and training structure. Seven intensity zones were analyzed: A1 (endurance/recovery), A2 (extensive aerobic), B1 (intensive aerobic), B2 (aerobic-anaerobic transition), C1 (anaerobic threshold), C2 (anaerobic-lactate), and C3 (maximal sprint intensity). Coaches gave neutral-to-positive ratings (3.6 for distance swimmers, 3.7 for sprinters), while athletes were more critical (2.8 and 3.1, respectively). AI-generated plans performed well in low-intensity zones (A1) but had shortcomings in moderate-intensity (A2, B1-B2: long repetitions, excessive sets, insufficient recovery) and anaerobic zones (C1: excessive frequency for swimmers; C2-C3: insufficient frequency for sprinters). No significant differences emerged between plans for swimmers and sprinters (p=0.596), but A2, B1, and B2 showed greater discrepancies (p < 0.001). Rating reliability was moderate for coaches (ICC=0.609) and low for athletes (ICC=0.369). Older coaches and male athletes rated the plans lower, while those with national-level experience were more favorable. While 65% of coaches found the plans usable with minor modifications, only 27.8% of athletes agreed, 47.2% requested major changes, and 25% rejected them. ChatGPT-4 is useful for simple training plans but requires human supervision for complex periodization, particularly in high intensity zones.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Austauschbarkeit externer Belastungsvariablen von verschiedenen Athleten-Tracking-Systemen bei Fußballspielern der englischen Premier League</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097098</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097098</guid>
      <author>Kavanagh, R.</author>
      <author>Mcdaid, K.</author>
      <author>Mcdonnell, J.</author>
      <author>Rhodes, D.</author>
      <author>Tivey, D.</author>
      <author>Alexander, J.</author>
      <author>Harper, D.</author>
      <author>Zmijewski, P.</author>
      <author>Morgans, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tracking</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kavanagh, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mcdaid, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mcdonnell, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rhodes, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tivey, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Alexander, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Harper, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zmijewski, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Morgans, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to assess the interchangeability between tracking variables derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) and those of an Optical Tracking System (OTS) in elite soccer players. Twenty-six male professional outfield soccer players (age 27±4 years, height 182±6.67 cm, mass 80.73±7.74 kg) from an English Premier League (EPL) team formed the sample. Positional information was recorded using a GPS (10 Hz Apex, STATSports, Belfast, UK) and concomitantly by an OTS using six semi-automated HD cameras sampling at a frequency of 25 Hz (Second Spectrum, Los Angeles, USA). While differences exist for both total distance and high-speed running (HSR) between the GPS and OTS, the GPS was highly correlated with the OTS (r2 > 0.99). The OTS displayed the highest values across all three examined variables. Total distance was 4% higher on average when utilising the OTS, while HSR and sprint distance were 12% and 18% higher respectively. Given its importance and the differences observed, regression equations should be utilised to align GPS and OTS data to allow practitioners to evaluate running performance and optimally prepare players for the demands of the game more effectively.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Leistungsindikatoren für offensive Übergänge im Frauen-Elitefußball: Ein Ansatz für maschinelles Lernen und Erklärbarkeit</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097100</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097100</guid>
      <author>Casal, C. A.</author>
      <author>Losada, J. L.</author>
      <author>de Benito Trigueros, A. M.</author>
      <author>Maneiro, R.</author>
      <author>Iván-Baragaño, I.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angriff</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielhandlung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>maschinelles Lernen</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Casal, C. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Losada, J. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>de Benito Trigueros, A. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Maneiro, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Iván-Baragaño, I.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Women`s football has experienced significant growth in sporting, economic, and social interest. However, there remains a shortage of studies examining key technical-tactical performance indicators in elite competitions. This research aimed to identify and quantify the influence of technical-tactical indicators on the effectiveness of offensive dynamic transitions in elite women`s football, using a machine learning approach. To this end, 3,610 dynamic offensive transitions recorded across 35 matches from the final stages of the FIFA Women`s World Cup 2023, UEFA Women`s Euro, and UEFA Women`s Champions League 2023/24 were analysed using an observational methodology. An ad hoc observation instrument, Transfootb, was developed to record teams` offensive behaviours, opponents` defensive responses, and the match context at the time of the offensive dynamic transition. A chi-square test was applied to identify associations between variables, followed by the training of a Random Forest model to predict transition outcomes. Additionally, ShAP values were computed and visualised to interpret the influence of the predictors. The model achieved an area under the curve of 0.78, with a recall of 18% and a specificity of 96%. The results indicate that the execution mode of offensive transitions and the match context significantly influence offensive success. Specifically, penetrating passes (* 3), counterattacks, and an opponent`s low defensive positioning were the key predictors of successful offensive transitions. This study provides valuable scientific evidence to optimise strategic decision-making in dynamic offensive transitions in elite women`s football. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of machine learning in analysing and predicting performance in sport-specific actions.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Auswirkungen von Nickerchen am Tag auf psychophysiologische Messungen bei körperlich aktiven Personen und Sportlern: Eine systematische Überprüfung, Meta-Analyse und Meta-Regression mit Bewertung der Beweissicherheit</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097102</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097102</guid>
      <author>Boukhris, O.</author>
      <author>Trabelsi, K.</author>
      <author>Suppiah, H.</author>
      <author>Jahrami, H.</author>
      <author>Driller, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schlaf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Psychophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Mittagsschlaf</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Boukhris, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Trabelsi, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Suppiah, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jahrami, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Driller, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[To synthesise the impacts of napping following normal sleep (NS) or deprived sleep on psychophysiological measures in physically active individuals and athletes. This systematic review and meta analysis utilized nine databases, including Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Embase, ProQuest Central, Cochrane Library, PsycInfo, and SciElo, to evaluate the effects of napping in physically active individuals and athletes, focusing on psychophysiological measures. The risk of bias in the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration`s RoB 2.0 tool, while the certainty of evidence (CoE) was evaluated using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations) approach. In the 35 studies, 489 participants (athletes or physically active) were studied. Following NS, napping significantly reduced total mood score (standardized mean difference (SMD)=0.61), fatigue (SMD=0.91), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) both during (SMD=1.62) and immediately after exercise (SMD=1.11). Additionally, napping significantly improved perceived recovery (SMD=1.66). There were no significant effects of napping on sleepiness (SMD=1.09), muscle soreness (SMD=1.57), heart rate during exercise (SMD=0.62), and temperature (SMD=0.66). Similarly, following sleep deprivation, there were no significant effects of napping on sleepiness (SMD=1.03) and fatigue (SMD=0.79). The CoE was rated as moderate for RPE during and after exercise following NS, while it was low to very low for the remaining outcomes. Napping has been found to positively impact only fatigue, mood states, perceived exertion, and recovery following NS in physically active individuals and athletes. The low-to-very low CoE requires cautious interpretation, highlighting the need for further napping studies implementing robust methodologies.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss der durch Koffein vermittelten Regulierung der Darmmikrobiota auf die sportliche Leistung von Fußballspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097104</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097104</guid>
      <author>Yang, J.</author>
      <author>Zhu, H.</author>
      <author>Yao, B.</author>
      <author>Zhang, W.</author>
      <author>Xing, X.</author>
      <author>Cheng, W.</author>
      <author>Dong, C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ergogenes Mittel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stoffwechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Darm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Koffein</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhu, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yao, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Xing, X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cheng, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dong, C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Caffeine is widely utilized as an ergogenic aid in sports, yet its interaction with gut microbiot — a key modulator of metabolic and physiological processes — remains underexplored in athletic populations. This study aimed to investigate whether caffeine supplementation enhances the athletic performance of football players through gut microbiota regulation, thereby bridging the gap between caffeine`s ergogenic effects and microbial mediation mechanisms. A 7-day randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted with 32 male national-level football players. Participants were allocated to either a caffeine group (3 mg/kg body mass) or a placebo group. Performance assessments included agility tests, 30-m repeated sprints, technical dribbling tasks, and aerobic endurance evaluations. Fecal samples were analyzed via 16S rRNA sequencing to assess microbial diversity and composition. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to evaluate the mediating role of gut microbiota. Caffeine supplementation significantly improved agility (p < 0.001, Cohen`s d = 1.1), sprint performance (p = 0.007, d = 0.7), and technical execution (p = 0.003, d = 0.7) compared to placebo. Gut microbiota alpha diversity (Chao1, Shannon) increased in the caffeine group (p < 0.05), with enrichment of Prevotella, Bacteroides, and Veillonella. SEM revealed that 33.3% of caffeine`s performance-enhancing effect was mediated by microbial diversity (* = 0.2, p = 0.01), while no direct caffeine-performance pathway was observed (p = 0.2). These findings demonstrate that caffeine enhances football-specific performance partially through gut microbiota modulation, emphasizing the microbiome`s role in translating nutritional interventions into athletic gains. Future research should explore long-term microbial adaptations and personalized strategies combining caffeine with microbiome targeted therapies.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Wechselseitige Beziehungen zwischen Schlafqualität, psychischer Gesundheit und Lebensqualität bei Spitzensportlern: Eine Pilotstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097107</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097107</guid>
      <author>Romdhani, M.</author>
      <author>Bentouati, E.</author>
      <author>Abid, R.</author>
      <author>Moussa-Chamari, I.</author>
      <author>Chamari, K.</author>
      <author>Saad, H. B.</author>
      <author>Driss, T.</author>
      <author>Souissi, N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schlaf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Qualität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wohlbefinden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Romdhani, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bentouati, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Abid, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Moussa-Chamari, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chamari, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Saad, H. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Driss, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Souissi, N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[We aim to investigate the relationship between sleep quality, psychological health, and quality of life (QOL) in highly trained athletes. Elite athletes (n = 118, 20.1±0.64 years; 39 females; 50 world class; 102 aged * 25 years; and 76 practicing individual sports) responded to the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI), insomnia severity index (ISI), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS), world health organization QOL (WHOQOL), and bespoke questions related to sleep hygiene. High percentages of the sample reported low or very low sleep quality (62%), moderate or excessive daytime sleepiness (51%), sleeping 7 hours or less (60%), and moderate or severe insomnia (16%), implying a modest sleep health. Female athletes reported higher PSQI (p < 0.05; d = 0.25), ESS (p < 0.05; d = 0.37) and DASS (p < 0.05; d = 0.27) scores compared to males. Young athletes (i.e., * 25 years) reported higher PSQI (p < 0.05; d = 0.49) and DASS (p < 0.05; d = 0.34) scores compared to older athletes (i.e., > 25 years). Individual-sport athletes reported higher ESS (p < 0.05; d = 0.37) and lower QOL (p < 0.01; d = 0.51) scores compared to team-sport athletes. Higher DASS scores were associated with higher PSQI (t = 3.68; * = 0.3) and ISI (t = 4.78; * = 0.36) scores. Lower physical health (i.e., sub-scale of WHOQOL) was associated with higher DASS (t = -5.01; * = -0.42) and ISI (t = -8.02; * = -0.61) scores. Higher PSQI scores contributed to lower WHOQOL scores (t = -4.81; * = -0.41). In summary, the current study highlights reciprocal relationships between low sleep quality, low mental health and low QOL. Elite athletes (especially sub-groups of female, individual, and young athletes) showed a low sleep quality, potentially affecting their physical and psychological health and QOL.

KEY POINTS

    - Bidirectional relationships were found between low sleep quality, low mental health, and low quality of life in elite athletes.

    - Subgroups of females, young, unsatisfied with their career, and individual sports athletes reported an even lower sleep quality compared to male, old, satisfied with their career, and team sports athletes.

    - Longer career duration is associated with lower quality of life in elite athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Mehr Details, weniger Variabilität? eine Crossover-Studie über den Einfluss der Informationsgranularität auf die Stabilität des ChatGPT-Trainingsprogramms</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097109</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097109</guid>
      <author>Yang, Z.</author>
      <author>Zhang, X.</author>
      <author>Li, H.</author>
      <author>Ye, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsprogramm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Qualität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Persönlichkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>künstliche Intelligenz</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Yang, Z.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ye, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to evaluate how varying levels of information granularity affect the output variability and multidimensional quality — including Personality, Effectiveness, Safety, and Feasibility — of ChatGPT-generated training programs. A crossover design was used to compare simple and detailed input prompts, with each prompt input into GPT-4 (accessed via ChatGPT) four times to generate eight training programs. The training programs were anonymized by the research team and subsequently evaluated in a blinded manner by 11 experts (mean age = 35.4 years, average of 18.1 years of practical experience in the field of sport and exercise science). Output variability was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV%), and quality ratings were based on a custom 15-item scale covering Personality, Effectiveness, Safety, and Feasibility. Differences in expert ratings across training programs were examined using repeated-measures ANOVA, with Friedman tests applied as sensitivity analyses to test the robustness of the results. Training programs generated from detailed input prompts consistently received higher expert ratings across all dimensions. CV% was generally lower under the detailed input prompts, indicating more stable outputs. Significant main effects of information granularity were found in Personality, Safety, Feasibility, and overall scores (all p < 0.05), though not in Effectiveness. Notably, repeated inputs of the same information granularity still yielded structurally and qualitatively different outputs, highlighting residual variability even under controlled conditions. Information granularity plays a crucial role in shaping the quality and stability of AI-generated training programs. Providing detailed, structured input enhances personalization, reduces output fluctuation, and improves alignment with exercise science principles.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Die kinetischen Unterschiede in der Kniegelenksbelastung unter verschiedenen Fußauflagen bei Tischtennisspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097112</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097112</guid>
      <author>Jin, P.</author>
      <author>Yang, C.</author>
      <author>Ren, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Tischtennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gelenk</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fuß</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Jin, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to investigate the impact of different foot support patterns on knee joint loading in elite table tennis athletes. Eighteen right-handed with shake-hand grip, national I level table tennis athletes were included. Their average age was 20.33 ± 1.53 years, with a height of 1.73 ± 0.08 meters, weight of 66.75 ± 9.35 kilograms, and 11.67 ± 1.81 years of training experience. The athletes performed forehand loop strokes using different support patterns: alternating support pattern (ASP) and full-foot support pattern (FSP). Kinematic and kinetic data were collected using 8 infrared cameras and 3 force plates. Compared to the ASP, the FSP significantly reduced heel-to-forefoot rotation angle (*30.67%), knee compressive force (*9.14%), knee extension moments (*13.94%), hip (*5.6%) and thorax (*3.8%) Z-axis angular speed, but increased free moment by 19.92%. The moment graph also revealed the FSP had a higher knee internal rotation moment (0%*69%) and external rotation moment (70%*100%), as well as a higher hip external rotation moment (6%*64%). The FSP decreased athletic performance and increased knee joint load during the forehand loop. It is recommended that athletes avoid using the FSP during training or competition.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Beziehung zwischen Trainerprofilen und sportlicher Leistung bei japanischen Leichtathletik-Trainern an High Schools</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097113</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097113</guid>
      <author>Kigoshi, K.</author>
      <author>Sugiura, K.</author>
      <author>Mizushima, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Coaching</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Japan</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Befragung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausbildung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kigoshi, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sugiura, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mizushima, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The performance of athletes, their physical and psycho-social growth, are strongly influenced by their coaches. Previous studies on coaches` developmental profiles have focused on coaches training athletes with high-performance levels in their relevant age category. This study fills a gap in the literature by exploring the relationship between coaching profiles and competitive achievement across broad range of competitive levels among high school track and field coaches in Japan. Data collected by the Japan Association of Athletics Federations in 2020 via a questionnaire survey were used and analyzed using a multinomial logistic regression analysis. The analysis was based on 1120 valid responses from high school coaches. The results showed that track and field athletes coached by individuals with participation in a university track and field club, longer coaching experience, more coaching hours, and larger athlete rosters were more likely to reach higher competitive levels. These findings suggest practical coaching experience and athletic background are more influential than formal qualifications in shaping track and field athletes` performance. The results offer valuable insights for improving coach education programs and the coaching system in Japanese school sports.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sollten Sportwissenschaftler und Trainer Profifußballern Natriumpräparate zur Verfügung stellen? Einblicke von Spielern der englischen Premier League</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097114</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097114</guid>
      <author>Foo, W. L.</author>
      <author>Tester, E.</author>
      <author>Markakis, P.</author>
      <author>Sabou, V.</author>
      <author>Close, G. L.</author>
      <author>McCubbin, A. J.</author>
      <author>Morton, J. P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Flüssigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Supplementierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mineral</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Klima</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Temperatur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausscheidung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Foo, W. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tester, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Markakis, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sabou, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Close, G. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>McCubbin, A. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Morton, J. P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[We assessed the fluid balance, whole body sweat rate (WBSR) and sweat sodium concentration ([Na + ] sweat ) of English Premier League (EPL) soccer players during pre-season training and used predictive modelling to determine theoretical changes in plasma sodium concentration ([Na + ] plasma ). Players (25 ± 4 years, 1.83 ± 0.06 m, 81.1 ± 7.4 kg) were monitored during two training sessions (n = 14, Session 1; n = 17, Session 2) in temperate climates (19-23°C, 45-67% relative humidity). Training load was monitored via global positioning system, sweat loss was assessed from changes in body mass (BM) after correcting for fluid intake, and [Na + ] sweat was measured using absorbent patches. Mean BM loss was 1.08 ± 0.72% and 1.28 ± 0.65%, with sweat losses of 1.67 ± 0.49 L and 1.88 ± 0.59 L in Sessions 1 and 2, respectively. Mean [Na + ] sweat was 51.3 ± 14.6 mmol·L *1 (Session 1) and 39.9 ± 15.3 mmol·L *1 (Session 2), with total sodium losses of 1929 ± 771 mg and 1730 ± 813 mg, respectively. Predictive modelling indicated 4/14 (*29%) players in Session 1, and 1/17 (*6%) players in Session 2, would have mildly reduced [Na + ] plasma following training (all <2 mmol·L *1 ), due to either near-complete fluid replacement or high [Na + ] sweat . Although substantial interindividual variations were observed in fluid and sodium balance among players, modelling indicates that Na + supplementation is unnecessary for soccer players during training in a temperate climate. Measuring [Na + ] sweat is therefore unlikely to inform practical recommendations under these conditions.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wirksamkeit des FIFA 11+ Verletzungspräventionsprogramms zur Verringerung akuter Verletzungen des unteren Rückenbereichs bei Fußballspielern: Eine systematische Überprüfung und Meta-Analyse</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097115</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097115</guid>
      <author>Al Attar, W. S. A.</author>
      <author>Bizzini, M.</author>
      <author>Dvo*ák, J.</author>
      <author>Pappas, E.</author>
      <author>Alzahrani, H.</author>
      <author>Al Shaman, M.</author>
      <author>Elkins, M. R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prävention</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prophylaxe</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Programm</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Al Attar, W. S. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bizzini, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dvo*ák, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pappas, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Alzahrani, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Al Shaman, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Elkins, M. R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Acute lower back injuries represent a significant concern in soccer players, often resulting in substantial morbidity and prolonged recovery periods. Despite various injury prevention programs, effective mitigation of acute lower back injuries remains challenging. The FIFA 11+ Injury Prevention Program is widely recognized for reducing general musculoskeletal injuries, yet its specific efficacy in lowering acute lower back injuries among soccer players has not been thoroughly evaluated. This systematic review and meta-analysis determined the effectiveness of the FIFA 11 + program in reducing acute lower back injuries among soccer players. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and PEDro from January 2010 to June 2025. Randomized controlled trials implementing the FIFA 11 + program and reporting acute lower back injury outcomes were selected. Search terms included `neuromuscular training,` `injury prevention programs,` `FIFA 11+,` `soccer,` and `back injury.` Our meta-analysis of five studies with 566,781 exposure hours and 61 total acute lower back injuries revealed significant reduction in injury incidence with the FIFA 11 + program (IRR = 0.37, 95% CI: 0.21-0.66; p < 0.001), representing a 63% reduction in injury risk. The absolute incidence changed from 1.09 to 0.39 injuries per 1000 h, with an absolute risk difference of 0.70 injuries/1000 h and a number needed to treat (NNT) of 1429 h. The I 2 = 0% indicated high consistency across studies. This review provides evidence supporting the FIFA 11 + program's efficacy in significantly reducing acute lower back injuries among soccer players. These findings underscore the program's value as a critical component of injury prevention strategies in soccer.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Was sagt uns die Forschung über Scouting im Fußball? Ein Scoping Review mit Evidenz-Lücken-Map</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097116</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097116</guid>
      <author>Ribeiro, S.</author>
      <author>Casanova, F.</author>
      <author>Afonso, J.</author>
      <author>Pompeo, A.</author>
      <author>Cirillo, E. L. R.</author>
      <author>González-Víllora, S.</author>
      <author>Teques, P.</author>
      <author>Duarte, D.</author>
      <author>Williams, A. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eignung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Auswahl</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Forschung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Scouting</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ribeiro, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Casanova, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Afonso, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pompeo, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cirillo, E. L. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>González-Víllora, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Teques, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Duarte, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Williams, A. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Aim: We examined scientific literature focusing on scouting practices in professional football, as well as presenting an evidence gap-map to facilitate future research.

Methods: The study followed the PRISMA 2020 and Cochrane's guidelines, and PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). The databases used were PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. The eligibility criteria followed the PECOS approach. 

Results: From 25,356 hits, 15 studies were eligible for inclusion in this scoping review, most were published between 2010 and 2020 (67%). Moreover, 80% of the studies were published over the last 10 years, and 33% (5 studies) since 2020. Additionally, we identified that the interest of studying this domain occurs most frequently in Europe. Moreover, the level of experience and qualifications possessed by the scouts plays a crucial role in their effectiveness. Finally, most of the studies selected pointed out the lack of academic or specific qualifications for scouts. 

Conclusion: This scoping review underlined the complexity and variability of scouting practices in football, highlighting the need for standardization and the development of more robust and inclusive methodologies and instruments to better prepare scouts for the challenges of talent identification. Additionally, a lack of detailed demographic data and knowledge of the specialized qualifications possessed by scouts limits a full understanding. In this vein, structured evidence-based development programmes and the use of emerging technologies in football scouting may revolutionize the talent identification process.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die menstruelle Gesundheit von Para-Sportlerinnen: Ein übersehenes Kapitel in der Sportforschung</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097117</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097117</guid>
      <author>Joshi, C. X.</author>
      <author>Ibrahim, A.</author>
      <author>Sandbakk, Ø.</author>
      <author>Majumder, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Menstruation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Forschung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportwissenschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wohlbefinden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Parasport</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Female Athlete Triad</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>RED-S</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Joshi, C. X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ibrahim, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sandbakk, Ø.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Majumder, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Menstrual cycle (MC)-related health issues can significantly impact female athletes` performance and well-being. However, research on the female para-population remains limited, with existing studies often focusing on specific sports or disability types. This review aims to summarize existing findings on MC-related concerns among female para-athletes and highlight gaps in current research. Literature search was conducted between December 2024 and June 2025 using PubMed (n = 1504) and Scopus (n = 565), retrieving 2069 articles. Keywords were selected collaboratively and combined using Boolean operators to ensure a comprehensive search. After removing 118 duplicates, 1951 articles were screened by two reviewers. Only 5 articles met the inclusion criteria after title and abstract screening. These 5 articles, when reviewed, revealed a high prevalence of MC-related issues among female para-athletes, with 63.4% reporting that MC affected their health and performance. Moreover, there is a low awareness of MC-related health issues, suggesting a lack of education within the broader para-athletic population. Although previous research has explored various aspects of MC experiences, disability-related factors, such as the type and nature of the disability, have largely been overlooked. Existing evidence is constrained not only by small sample sizes but also by the underrepresentation of para-athletes. Importantly, there is a significant gap in the literature concerning the unique perspectives and challenges faced by female para-athletes from Asian countries, as research focusing on this population remains limited. Thus, there is a pressing need for sport, exercise, and impairment-specific research to better understand the specific MC-related issues and experiences of female para-athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen der Brust und/oder des BHs bei Golferinnen: Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097118</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097118</guid>
      <author>Clarke, L.</author>
      <author>Exell, T.</author>
      <author>Wells, J. E.</author>
      <author>Murray, A. D.</author>
      <author>Glover, D.</author>
      <author>Wakefield-Scurr, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Golf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bekleidung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schmerz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körperbau</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Clarke, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Exell, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wells, J. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Murray, A. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Glover, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wakefield-Scurr, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: Golf is played recreationally and professionally by over 66 million people globally, with women reportedly constituting 23% of registered players. Despite growing interest in breast health research, the implications of breasts and bras for women golfers remain underexplored.

Objective: To map the current evidence on the implications associated with breasts and/or bras for women athletes and which of these issues may have application to women golfers. 

Design: Scoping review. 

Data Sources: Published and unpublished studies were identified through searches of electronic databases, grey literature and reference lists. 

Review Methods: The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. A comprehensive five-stage framework, including identification of research questions, study selection, and data charting, was employed. Data were extracted to create a descriptive analysis and a thematic summary. 

Results and Discussion: The review identified 1624 studies, with 35 meeting the inclusion criteria. Thematic areas include breast movement and support, sports bra comfort and satisfaction, breast pain, bra fitting and education, and their influence on participation. Breast-related issues, such as movement, pain, and poorly fitting bras, were highlighted as potential barriers to performance and participation. With no evidence specific to golf, there is a clear need for further investigation of breast and bra implications for golfers. 

Conclusions: This review highlights critical gaps in knowledge regarding breast and bra considerations for women golfers. Future research should address these gaps to inform sports bra design, optimise golfer performance, and support increased participation.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die technischen und taktischen Anforderungen und Fähigkeiten von sechs englischen Torhütern der Kategorie 1 in der Akademie: Eine Fallstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097119</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097119</guid>
      <author>Scholefield, P.</author>
      <author>Fitzpatrick, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Torwart</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Anforderungsprofil</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Scholefield, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fitzpatrick, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The role of the goalkeeper (GK) is one of the most specialised roles in football, but little research has explored its specific requirements. This study aimed to compare the technical and tactical demands and capabilities of GKs across three age groups in an English Category 1 football academy. The actions of Under 13 (n = 2), Under 15 (n = 2) and Under 18 (n = 2) GKs were analysed using a club-specific notational analysis system, during the 2023/24 season (n = 71 matches), to assess the prevalence and impact of in possession (IP) and out of possession (OP) actions. Results showed IP actions, as a percentage of total actions, increased with age (U13 = 69.75 ± 5.59%, U15 = 78.22 ± 5.99%, U18 = 85.29 ± 3.59%). There were differences between age groups in the prevalence and impact of IP actions, but no differences in the prevalence of OP actions, although the U18s performed more negative impact actions OP than the U13s. Findings suggest that GKs are increasingly involved IP as they progress through the academy, whereas, the OP demands remain similar, but become more technically challenging to deal with. Coaches should consider these findings to design age-appropriate, representative training sessions, track and predict players` progression, and inform individual development plans.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Coaching für psychologische Sicherheit: Eine sozio-ökologische Übersichtsarbeit zu den Vorbedingungen im Leistungssport</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097120</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097120</guid>
      <author>Kotani, Y.</author>
      <author>Sato, Y.</author>
      <author>Shirasaka, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Coaching</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sicherheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Forschung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kotani, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sato, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shirasaka, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This scoping review organizes the antecedent factors of psychological safety in competitive sports based on the framework of the socio-ecological model, identifies research gaps, and provides direction for future research to inform coaching practice. We conducted a search using eight databases—SPORTDiscus, Sports Medicine & Education, IndexPSYCInfo, PSYCArticle, SCOPUS, Academic Search Premier, Medline, and Web of Science—and nine articles met the inclusion criteria. Consequently, 13 antecedent factors were identified. Of the five layers in the socio-ecological model, no antecedent factors were found in the Sport culture and policy layer. However, we found one factor in environmental factors, two in organizational factors and program design, eight in interpersonal factors, and two in intrapersonal factors. This study systematically classified the antecedents of psychological safety in competitive sports and showed areas yet to be clarified and perspectives requiring further research. Future studies should explore these areas empirically and develop evidence-based intervention methods to improve psychological safety.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Absolute und relative Spitzenleistung und optimale Kraftbelastung in der Kniebeuge und im gebeugten Rudern bei Judosportlern: Die Rolle des Körpergewichts</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4092968</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4092968</guid>
      <author>Campos, B. T.</author>
      <author>Rodrigues, J. G. D. S.</author>
      <author>Cal Abad, C. C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Judo</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschlecht</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gewicht</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körpermaß</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Übung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Oberkörper</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Campos, B. T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rodrigues, J. G. D. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cal Abad, C. C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to compare absolute and relative peak power outputs at the optimal power load (OPL) between upper and lower limbs, as well as between lighter and heavier high-level judo athletes of both sexes. A total of 34 black belt judokas (26 men and 8 women) with extensive training backgrounds participated in this cross-sectional study. Athletes were tested during the pre-season for peak power output (PP) and OPL expressed as a percentage of body weight (OPL %BW ) in two exercises: Back Squat (lower limbs) and Bent-Over Row (upper limbs). A linear encoder measured bar velocity and power output. Data were analyzed in absolute terms, relative to body mass, and using allometric scaling. The results showed that male athletes exhibited significantly higher absolute PP than females in both exercises. Lighter athletes showed greater relative and allometric PP values than heavier athletes. No significant difference in absolute PP was found between upper and lower limbs. However, OPL %BW was significantly higher in the Back Squat compared to the Bent-Over Row. No difference in OPL %BW was observed between weight categories. In conclusion, lower-limb exercises require a higher percentage of body mass to reach OPL, while power output is similarly developed in both limbs, likely due to sport-specific demands. These findings support the need for individualized training prescriptions based on limb, sex, and weight category to optimize performance in judo athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Interpretation der wöchentlichen externen Belastung im Profifußball: Ein positionsbezogener und kontextbezogener Ansatz für die "reale Welt"</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4093006</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4093006</guid>
      <author>Gonçalves, L. G.</author>
      <author>Silva, R. M.</author>
      <author>Moraes-Neto, M. V.</author>
      <author>Pasquarelli, B.</author>
      <author>Pastor, A.</author>
      <author>Plato, F. D. O.</author>
      <author>Leitão, R. A. A.</author>
      <author>Augusto, D.</author>
      <author>Vasconcellos, F.</author>
      <author>Aquino, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsperiodisierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mikrozyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>external load</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gonçalves, L. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Silva, R. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Moraes-Neto, M. V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pasquarelli, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pastor, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Plato, F. D. O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Leitão, R. A. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Augusto, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vasconcellos, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Aquino, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study analyzed the weekly external load of professional soccer players with two main aims: 1) to describe the external load (i.e. distance and accelerometry-based measures) according to match-contextual difficulty—defined as a scoring system combining match location and the quality of opposition— and playing positions; 2) to compare the external load in contexts of low and high match-contextual difficulty. Eighteen professional soccer players were monitored over 13 weeks using global positioning systems (GPS) units and accelerometers. Players participating for at least 60 min in non-congested weeks were analyzed for total distance, distances covered at various speeds and acceleration levels, and Player Load. Match difficulties were categorized as "high" (score > 10) or "low" (score * 10) and determined using match location and quality of opposition. The results revealed that the highest external loads occurred mid-week (e.g. MD-3), decreasing towards the week's end (e.g. MD-1), with external defenders and midfielders facing higher demands than central defenders and forwards. In low-difficulty scenarios (p < 0.001-0.030), external loads were higher than in high-difficulty scenarios, particularly on days preceding a match (MD-4 and MD-2). Conversely, high-difficulty matches context increased high-speed/sprinting distance and mechanical work on specific days (MD-3 and MD-1) (p < 0.001-0.020). The findings suggest that external load can be increased early in low-difficulty match weeks, while reduced demands are recommended before high-difficulty matches weeks. Coaches should adopt context-approach periodization to appropriately plan physical stimulus throughout the weekly competition.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Entwicklung eines am Körper tragbaren Hitzschlag-Warnsystems (HeatGuard): Konzeption, Validierung und Tests unter kontrollierten Bedingungen bei Triathleten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098804</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098804</guid>
      <author>Silawarawet, K.</author>
      <author>Trirattananurak, C.</author>
      <author>Muksuwan, J.</author>
      <author>Sangdao, S.</author>
      <author>Panich, D.</author>
      <author>Saadprai, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Temperatur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Herzfrequenz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Haut</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Thermoregulation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Umwelt</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Hitze</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Validität</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Hitzschlag</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Silawarawet, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Trirattananurak, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Muksuwan, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sangdao, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Panich, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Saadprai, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Global warming and increasing heatwaves elevate the risk of exertional heat illnesses, particularly heatstroke, in endurance athletes and outdoor workers. This study developed and validated a wearable heatstroke warning system integrating physiological and environmental monitoring with a real-time web dashboard. The wrist- and finger-worn prototype comprised an ESP32 microcontroller and heart rate (MAX30101), skin temperature (MAX30205), ambient temperature and humidity (SHT31), and galvanic skin response (Grove-GSR v1.2) sensors with dual acoustic-visual alerts and WiFi transmission. Fifteen triathletes (18-39 years) completed 30 min of cycling in a climatic chamber: 0-15 min at 24 ± 1 °C, 70 ± 10% RH, and 16-30 min at 27 ± 1 °C, 90 ± 10% RH, with the workload rising from 40%HRmax by 10% every 10 min. Heart rate, estimated core temperature, ambient temperature, relative humidity, and GSR were recorded every 30 s and compared with standard devices using Spearman correlation (p = 0.01) and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests (p < 0.05). Heart rate, skin temperature (used a linear model to calculate core body temperature), ambient temperature, and humidity sensors showed fair-very good validity (r = 0.692, 0.995, 0.994, 0.952), while GSR was low (r = 0.298). No significant differences were observed for heart rate, skin temperature, and humidity (p > 0.05), but body temperature (p = 0.003) and GSR (p < 0.001) differed. The system showed promising validity for real-time heatstroke risk monitoring, with further refinement needed for skin temperature and GSR sensing.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bewertung der Gelenkbelastung im Fußball auf dem Spielfeld mithilfe von maschinellem Lernen (Teil II)</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098805</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098805</guid>
      <author>Benjaminse, A.</author>
      <author>Mendicino, M.</author>
      <author>Nijmeijer, E. M.</author>
      <author>Margheriti, P.</author>
      <author>Gokeler, A.</author>
      <author>Di Paolo, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreuzband</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Inertialmesssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Feldtest</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Benjaminse, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mendicino, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nijmeijer, E. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Margheriti, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gokeler, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Di Paolo, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk is elevated in female youth football, yet knee joint loading has mainly been studied under controlled laboratory conditions. This limits understanding of how injury risk emerges during realistic match situations. This study provided a field-based kinetic characterization of football-specific movements by estimating knee abduction moments (KAMs) using wearable sensors and machine learning. Fifty-two highly talented female youth players performed agility tasks during training, including structured exercises (F-EX) and game-based play (F-GAME). Full-body kinematics were collected with inertial measurement units, and a validated support vector machine model, trained on synchronized motion capture and force plate data, classified trials as high or low KAM. Across 662 change-in-direction trials, 9-12% were classified as high KAM in both conditions, indicating that potentially high-risk loading regularly occurs during routine actions. High KAM trials showed reduced knee and pelvis flexion, increased hip flexion, and greater pelvis rotation toward the cutting direction, reflecting upright, stiff movement strategies. Performance analyses revealed smaller cut angles in exercises and greater approach acceleration in game play, without differences in peak velocity. These findings demonstrate the feasibility of field-based kinetic screening and support a complex-systems perspective on ACL injury risk.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Prognose von Leistungslücken im Rudersport auf Basis des maschinellen Lernens und Ermittlung wichtiger Indikatoren zur Trainingsüberwachung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098806</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098806</guid>
      <author>Li, J.</author>
      <author>Liu, G.</author>
      <author>Wang, W.</author>
      <author>Cao, C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rudern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Liu, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wang, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cao, C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Although routine biomechanical monitoring in rowing increasingly relies on sensor-based and instrumented measurement systems that can capture multidimensional performance indicators with considerable precision, systematic approaches are still needed to integrate these sensor-derived data into a unified monitoring dataset and translate them into decision support for practice. This study aimed to construct a unified rowing training monitoring dataset from real-world sensor-derived biomechanical measurements, develop predictive models for athletes` performance gaps relative to target 2 km performance, and, for target attainment classification, identify key training monitoring indicators and evaluate their practical value in training practice. A total of 249 biomechanical testing records collected during the 2024-2025 season from the Chinese National Rowing Team were included. After standardized processing, 449 athlete-level records were generated for the primary analysis. Following exclusion of observations with missing primary regression labels, 172 modeling records were retained, corresponding to 87 test reports and 119 athletes. The primary regression outcome was the percentage time difference relative to target 2 km performance. XGBoost Regressor, Elastic Net, and LASSO were used for regression modeling, whereas Logistic Regression and XGBoost Classifier were used for the secondary classification task of target attainment. Internal validation was performed using grouped cross-validation at the athlete level, and model interpretation was supported by permutation importance, sparse linear coefficients, and robustness analyses. The results showed that all formal models outperformed their respective baseline models. In the primary regression task, XGBoost Regressor achieved the best performance in terms of MAE, whereas Elastic Net performed best in RMSE and R2. The key training-monitoring indicators mainly included mean boat velocity, minimum boat velocity, stroke rate, distance per stroke, and efficiency-related variables. After removal of grouping variables related to boat class, sex, and weight category, the performance of XGBoost Regressor remained largely stable, suggesting that the primary predictive signal was mainly derived from measured technical and biomechanical features. In the secondary classification task, XGBoost Classifier achieved an ROC AUC of 0.992. This study provides a team-specific applied framework for extending sensor-derived rowing monitoring outputs from multi-indicator measurement toward interpretable performance evaluation and decision support within an elite-team setting, while broader external validation remains necessary.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vergleichende Analyse der körperlichen Anforderungen und physiologischen Reaktionen bei verschiedenen Aufwärmprotokollen bei hochtrainierten Fußballspielerinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098808</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098808</guid>
      <author>Errekagorri, I.</author>
      <author>Olaizola, A.</author>
      <author>Castellano, J.</author>
      <author>Abade, E.</author>
      <author>Silva, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beschleunigung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aufwärmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Errekagorri, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Olaizola, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Castellano, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Abade, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Silva, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to describe and compare warm-up (WU) demands of different protocols (with ball, without ball and pre-match) on female football players. Twenty-two players belonging to the same team were monitored throughout 12 training weeks using global navigation satellite system technology sampling at 10 Hz. The variables used were duration, total distance, distances covered within 0-45%, 45-60%, 60-85%, and 85-100% of individual maximum speed, maximum speed, maximum acceleration, maximum deceleration, number of accelerations of magnitudes between 1 and 2 m/s2, 2 and 3 m/s2, 3 and 4 m/s2, and above 4 m/s2, number of decelerations of magnitudes between *1 and *2 m/s2, *2 and *3 m/s2, *3 and *4 m/s2, and below *4 m/s2, Player Load, and TRIMP Edwards. A linear mixed model was carried out for each variable in order to analyze the differences between WU protocols. The main results were that pre-match WU showed higher values in the following variables: (1) duration; (2) distances covered within 60-85% and 85-100% of individual maximum speed; (3) maximum speed, acceleration and deceleration; (4) number of accelerations of magnitudes between 2 and 3 m/s2 and between 3 and 4 m/s2, and more decelerations of magnitudes between *2 and *3 m/s2, *3 and *4 m/s2 and below *4 m/s2; and, (5) TRIMP Edwards. These findings underscore the importance of WU design in preparing female football players for high-intensity match demands and contribute to the development of specific WU strategies for them.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Positionsunabhängige Laktatkinetik-Phänotypen bei Profifußballern: Ein Ansatz auf Basis des maschinellen Lernens zur Prognose der maximalen Laufgeschwindigkeit</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098799</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098799</guid>
      <author>Tortu, E.</author>
      <author>Ince, I.</author>
      <author>Çabuk, S.</author>
      <author>Ulupinar, S.</author>
      <author>Gençoglu, C.</author>
      <author>Özbay, S.</author>
      <author>Kaya, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Laktat</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>aerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prognose</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>anaerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>maximal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>O2-Aufnahme</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Tortu, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ince, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Çabuk, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ulupinar, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gençoglu, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Özbay, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kaya, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to identify distinct lactate kinetic phenotypes in professional soccer players using unsupervised machine learning and determine their relationship with maximal running velocity (Vmax) through explainable artificial intelligence methods. A total of 361 professional male soccer players from the First Division participated in the study. Incremental treadmill tests measured lactate concentrations at five standardized velocities, alongside VO2max, Vmax, lactate threshold (LT), and anaerobic threshold (AT) parameters. Three distinct lactate kinetic phenotypes emerged: Economical Aerobic (n = 216), Balanced Metabolic (n = 19), and High Producer (n = 126). The Economical Aerobic phenotype demonstrated superior performance metrics compared to High Producer (Vmax: 15.85 ± 0.85 km/h; VO2max: 56.20 ± 4.26 mL/kg/min; p < 0.001). Initial multicollinearity assessment revealed notable collinearity among all 10 candidate predictors (VIF > 10; maximum VIF = 10.75 for VAT), necessitating rigorous feature selection. Ridge regression with 4 selected features (VAT, VO2max, 9.5 km/h lactate, 14 km/h lactate) achieved moderate but statistically significant predictive performance: 10-fold cross-validation R2= 0.392 ± 0.147 (permutation test p = 0.001). Standardized coefficients identified VAT (ß = 0.399) as the dominant predictor, followed by VO2max (ß = 0.253), 9.5 km/h lactate (ß = 0.107), and 14 km/h lactate (ß = -0.066). Lactate kinetic phenotyping reveals position-independent metabolic profiles with potentially meaningful performance associations in professional soccer. The Economical Aerobic phenotype demonstrates performance advantages associated with superior anaerobic threshold capacity. These exploratory findings suggest that individualized training strategies based on metabolic phenotype rather than playing position alone warrant further investigation, with potential applications for talent identification, training periodization, and return-to-play protocols pending prospective validation.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Leitartikel: Erfassung, Verarbeitung und Analyse von EMG-Signalen - die Brücke zwischen Forschung und täglicher Praxis</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098800</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098800</guid>
      <author>Miceli, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>EMG</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rehabilitation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportwissenschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Miceli, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The field of surface electromyography (sEMG) has undergone a profound transformation over recent decades, evolving from a specialized laboratory tool to a versatile instrument widely utilized in rehabilitation, sports science, and occupational health [...]]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sensorbasierte Analyse des Einflusses des Spielstands und der Spielposition auf die anspruchsvollsten Spielsituationen im Spitzenfrauenfußball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098801</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098801</guid>
      <author>Karakoc, B.</author>
      <author>Asci, A.</author>
      <author>Chmura, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Karakoc, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Asci, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chmura, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to investigate how score status and playing position affect the most demanding passages (MDPs) in elite women`s football. Data from ten matches from eighteen outfield players of the Turkish Women`s National Team were collected during UEFA Nations League fixtures in the 2024-2025 seasons. Players were monitored using wearable GPS sensors, and all locomotor variables were segmented into one-minute windows to identify peak demands. The analysed variables included total distance (TD), high-speed running (HSR), sprint distance (SD), high-acceleration distance (HIAccD), high-deceleration distance (HIDecD), high metabolic power distance (HMPD), and player load (PL). Generalised Estimating Equations (GEE) were used to assess the effects of score status and playing position. Wingers (WG) showed the highest TD, HSR, and HMPD values, while centre backs covered less TD and HSR than WG. Full-backs and forwards (FW) also recorded lower TD, although FW exceeded WG in sprinting (p = 0.045, d values = 0.66 [moderate effect]). Score status influenced MDPs, with TD decreasing when the match was tied and further declining when the team was behind; similar reductions occurred in HSR, HIAccD, HIDecD, and HMPD. In conclusion, both score status and position significantly shaped peak locomotor and mechanical demands. These findings may inform individualised training, recovery programmes, and score-dependent tactical planning in elite women`s football.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Schätzung des Kniebeugemoments in der Sagittalebene mithilfe eines leichtgewichtigen Deep-Learning-Frameworks auf der Grundlage sequenzieller Oberflächen-EMG-Merkmalsrahmen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098802</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098802</guid>
      <author>Zhuo, Y.</author>
      <author>Pranata, A.</author>
      <author>Cheng, C.</author>
      <author>Pang, T. Y.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>EMG</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gelenk</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Zhuo, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pranata, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cheng, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pang, T. Y.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Knee joint moment is an important biomechanical parameter for sports assessment, rehabilitation monitoring, and human-machine interaction. However, direct measurement is often restricted to laboratory-based settings. Surface electromyography (sEMG) offers a non-invasive alternative for indirect joint moment estimation, but many existing deep learning models remain too computationally demanding for potential wearable edge deployment. To address this gap, this study proposes Topo2DCNN-LSTM, a lightweight two-dimensional (2D) convolutional neural network model, designed for sagittal-plane knee flexion moment estimation. The model used a feature-based sequential representation, transforming raw sEMG signals into compact Root Mean Square (RMS) feature frames. The input was processed by a lightweight 2D convolutional neural network (CNN) encoder and paired with long short-term memory (LSTM) units. The model was trained on a public walking dataset of healthy subjects with synchronized sEMG and joint kinetics at two treadmill speeds. When compared with selected deep learning baselines, the quantized model achieved a mean RMS Error of 0.088 ± 0.020 Nm/kg at 1.2 m/s and 0.114 ± 0.034 Nm/kg at 1.8 m/s. On a SparkFun Thing Plus-SAMD51, it achieved an average inference latency of 28 ms using 71,316 bytes of random-access memory (RAM) and 257,172 bytes of flash. These results support its use as a proof of concept for personalized unilateral knee moment estimation with isolated on-device inference feasibility under resource-constrained and limited walking conditions.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Sensorbasiertes und VR-gestütztes Sehtraining verbessert die visuomotorischen Reaktionsparameter bei jugendlichen Handballspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098803</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098803</guid>
      <author>Bernárdez-Vilaboa, R.</author>
      <author>Cedrún-Sánchez, J. E.</author>
      <author>Burgos-Postigo, S.</author>
      <author>González-Jiménez, R.</author>
      <author>Otero-Currás, C.</author>
      <author>Povedano-Montero, F. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Handball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Auge</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Reaktionsschnelligkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Bernárdez-Vilaboa, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cedrún-Sánchez, J. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Burgos-Postigo, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>González-Jiménez, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Otero-Currás, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Povedano-Montero, F. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: Sensor-based systems and virtual reality (VR) technologies provide new opportunities for the objective, technology-driven assessment and training of visuomotor performance in applied contexts such as sport. Methods: This study examined the effects of an integrated visual training program combining stroboscopic stimulation, VR-based vergence exercises, and instrumented reaction-light tasks in adolescent handball players. Twenty-eight adolescent handball players (under-18 competitive level) completed two baseline assessments separated by six weeks, followed by a six-session training program (approximately 15 min per session) integrated into regular team practice. The intervention targeted visuomotor reaction speed, accommodative dynamics, and peripheral visual responsiveness using sensor-based and virtual reality-assisted stimuli. Results: Compared with both baseline measurements, the intervention produced selective improvements in accommodative facility (cycles per minute, cpm)—particularly near-far focusing speed—and in multiple reaction-time conditions (milliseconds, ms) involving manual and decision-based responses. Specific peripheral-field locations showed increased response scores, whereas binocular alignment, AC/A ratio, near phoria, and stereoscopic acuity remained unchanged. Conclusions: These findings indicate that technology-supported visual training protocols incorporating sensor-based reaction systems and VR stimuli were associated with measurable adaptations in dynamic visuomotor processing while preserving fundamental binocular vision parameters.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wichtige Kennzahl für den Erfolg im Fußball: Torquote</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098874</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098874</guid>
      <author>Zeng, Y.</author>
      <author>Xie, X.</author>
      <author>Zhang, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prognose</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Parameter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Effektivität</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Torerfolg</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Zeng, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Xie, X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Current soccer match analysis focuses predominantly on team tactics and technical aspects, such as offensive and defensive strategies and their transitions. However, match efficiency has received limited attention, making it difficult to explain scenarios where a team dominates possession but fails to secure victory.

Methods
This study introduced the concept of soccer match efficiency and proposed computational formulas for offensive efficiency (OE), defensive efficiency (DE), and net efficiency (NE). Using data from the Chinese Super League (CSL) between 2014 and 2019, we analyzed NE as a metric for evaluating the balance between a team`s offensive and defensive performance.

Results
Net efficiency effectively reflected the balance between offensive and defensive performance and elucidated the phenomenon of "dominating possession but failing to score." In the CSL: (1) an NE = 0.2 corresponded to an 80.62% win probability; (2) an NE between 0.1 and < 0.2, 64.38%; (3) an NE between 0 and 0.1, 46.07%; (4) an NE of 0, 0%; (5) an NE between - 0.1 and 0, 24.69%; (6) an NE between - 0.2 and - 0.1, 11.25%; and (7) an NE = -0.2, 5.38%.

Conclusion
(1) Net efficiency showed a clear positive association with match outcomes, with higher NE values corresponding to higher winning rates. (2) Net efficiency provided a quantitative measure of offensive-defensive balance and offered a clearer explanation for why teams may dominate possession yet lose.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bewegungserfassung im Freien in großem Maßstab</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098794</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098794</guid>
      <author>Zwölfer, M.</author>
      <author>Mössner, M.</author>
      <author>Rhodin, H.</author>
      <author>Nachbauer, W.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Motion Capturing</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Video</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Zwölfer, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mössner, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rhodin, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nachbauer, W.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Capturing kinematic data in outdoor sports is challenging, as motions span large capture volumes and occur under difficult environmental conditions. Video-based approaches, particularly with pan-tilt-zoom cameras, offer a practical solution, but the extensive manual post-processing required limits their use to short sequences and few athletes. This study presents a motion capture pipeline that automates the detection of both reference points and sport-specific keypoints to overcome this limitation. The field test employed eight cameras covering a 250×80×30 m capture volume with nearly 300 reference points. Ten state-certified ski instructors performed eight standardized maneuvers. Reference points were localized through a hybrid approach combining YOLO object detection and ArUco marker identification. AlphaPose was fine-tuned on a new manually annotated dataset to detect skier-specific keypoints (e.g., skis, poles) alongside anatomical landmarks. Continuous frame-wise calibration and 3D reconstruction were performed using Direct Linear Transformation. Evaluation compared automated detections with manual annotations. Automated reference point detection achieved a mean localization error of 4.1 pixels (0.1% of 4K width) and reduced 3D segment-length variation by 23%. The skier-specific keypoint model reached 98% PCK, mAP of 0.97, and an MPJPE of 10.3 pixels while lowering 3D segment-length variation by 0.5 cm compared to manual digitization and 0.6 cm relative to a pretrained model. Replacing manual digitization with automated detection improves accuracy and facilitates kinematic data collection in large outdoor fields with many athletes and trials. The approach also enables the creation of sport-specific datasets valuable for biomechanical research and training next-generation 3D pose estimation models.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Optimierung der Trainingshäufigkeit beim EEG-Biofeedback: Eine vergleichende Studie zur Protokolldynamik und zur neuromuskulären Anpassung bei Judo-Spitzensportlern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098795</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098795</guid>
      <author>Markiel, A.</author>
      <author>Skalski, D.</author>
      <author>Losinska, K.</author>
      <author>Zak, M.</author>
      <author>Maszczyk, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>EEG</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biofeedback</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Judo</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Neurophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>EMG</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Markiel, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Skalski, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Losinska, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zak, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Maszczyk, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: The optimal frequency of EEG biofeedback sessions for elite athletes remains unclear, despite growing adoption of neurofeedback in high-performance sport. Methods: This randomized, controlled study compared three EEG biofeedback protocols (daily, every-other-day, every-third-day) in 24 national-level male judo athletes stratified into three phenotypic groups. Each protocol comprised 15 standardized sessions. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included functional indices (strength, power) and neurophysiological measures (Frontal Alpha Index, EMG amplitude/RMS, corrected strength sum). Biosensor performance was validated via signal quality metrics. Results: Daily EEG biofeedback produced superior improvements in strength, FAI, and fatigue resistance. Although LRG showed the largest pre-post RMS increase (+17.44 *V vs. +16.54 *V in HRG), HRG maintained the highest post-intervention RMS values and best fatigue resistance (MF_drop = *2.15 Hz). Significant group × time interactions were observed for FAI (p = 0.027) and RMS (p = 0.019). Every-other-day protocols yielded moderate gains, while every-third-day protocols produced minimal or maladaptive EMG-load dynamics. A robust dose-response relationship was evident. Conclusions: Session frequency is critical for optimizing neurofeedback interventions in elite athletes. Daily EEG biofeedback confers superior adaptation compared to less frequent dosing.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auf dem Weg zu einer kontinuierlichen Analyse der Schwimmstrecke im olympischen Triathlon: Eine systematische Übersicht über sensorbasierte Bewertungsansätze im Open-Water-Sport</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098797</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098797</guid>
      <author>Seelhöfer, J.</author>
      <author>Wick, J.</author>
      <author>Witt, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Freiwasserschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Triathlon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Seelhöfer, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wick, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Witt, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) offer precise movement analyses based on distance and speed in open-water sports. Despite the influence of swimming in triathlon, its performance analysis remains underdeveloped due to methodological limitations in capturing continuous data in aquatic environments. This review aimed to: (1) systematically analyse and compare the sensor-based technologies applied to open-water movement analysis, and (2) propose a framework for continuous GNSS-based assessment of triathlon swim performance. A systematic search was conducted prior to the 14 August 2025 across four databases (Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and SPONET). Studies were eligible if they analysed open-water sports using GNSS-based technologies for continuous movement or performance analysis. Studies limited to indoor swimming, inertial sensors, or non-sporting applications were excluded. Methodological quality and potential sources of bias were evaluated using a custom scheme based on GNSS reporting guidelines, as methodological heterogeneity precluded the application of standardised tools. Following screening and eligibility assessment, articles were analysed qualitatively. In total, 20 articles were included and focused on surfing, sailing, water skiing, windsurfing, kitesurfing, stand-up paddling (SUP), and swimming. Most studies focused on board- and sail-based sports, employed sampling frequencies between 1 and 15 Hz, and demonstrated substantial variability in device specifications and reporting quality. Different sensors and GNSS-derived variables were central to discipline-specific performance analysis. The strength of evidence is limited by the heterogeneous methodologies, and variable reporting quality. The proposed framework provides methodological guidance for implementing high-resolution GNSS-based monitoring in triathlon swimming to improve pacing analysis and race strategy development.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Parallele Validität einer auf Computer Vision und künstlicher Intelligenz basierenden Software zur Spielerverfolgung unter Verwendung von Sendeaufnahmen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098789</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098789</guid>
      <author>Crang, Z. L.</author>
      <author>Johnston, R. D.</author>
      <author>Mills, K. L.</author>
      <author>Billingham, J.</author>
      <author>Robertson, S.</author>
      <author>Cole, M. H.</author>
      <author>Weakley, J.</author>
      <author>Hewitt, A.</author>
      <author>Duthie, G. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Software</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tracking</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Crang, Z. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Johnston, R. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mills, K. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Billingham, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Robertson, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cole, M. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Weakley, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hewitt, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Duthie, G. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to: (1) quantify the accuracy of commercially available computer-vision and artificial intelligence (AI) player tracking software to measure player position, speed and distance covered using broadcast footage and (2) determine the impact of camera feed and resolution on accuracy. Data were obtained from one match at the 2022 Qatar Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) World Cup. Tactical, programme and camera 1 feeds were used. Three commercial tracking providers that use computer-vision and AI participated. Providers analysed instantaneous position (x, y co-ordinates) and speed (m·s *1 ) of each player. Their data were compared with a high-definition multi-camera tracking system (TRACAB Gen 5). Root mean square error (RMSE) and mean bias were calculated. Position RMSE ranged from 1.68 to 16.39 m, while speed RMSE ranged from 0.34 to 2.38 m·s *1 . Total distance mean bias ranged from *1745 m (*21.8%) to 1945 m (24.3%) across providers. Computer-vision and AI player tracking software offer the best accuracy when players are detected by the software. Providers should use a tactical feed when tracking position and speed, which will maximise player detection, improving accuracy. Both 720p and 1080p resolutions are suitable, assuming appropriate computer-vision and AI models are implemented.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Blockchain-basiertes Model Context Protocol (MCP) für Vertrauen und Einwilligung in der durch große Sprachmodelle (LLM) gesteuerten Sportanalyse</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098790</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098790</guid>
      <author>Ferreira, J. C.</author>
      <author>Gonçalves, F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportart</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Datenbank</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Algorithmus</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ferreira, J. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gonçalves, F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The Model Context Protocol (MCP) enables large language models to query and synthesize sports data across distributed sources, yet it lacks built-in mechanisms for provenance, integrity, and athlete-controlled access. This study proposes a hybrid MCP-blockchain architecture for LLM4Sports , a domain-specific model fine-tuned on localized sports datasets. In this design, MCP orchestrates multi-database retrieval, while a blockchain layer immutably anchors query and data-bundle hashes. Smart contracts manage time-bound and granular consent through decentralized identifiers and verifiable credentials, and auditable logs ensure end-to-end traceability. We contribute: (i) a trust-enhanced reference architecture combining MCP and blockchain; (ii) reusable prompt and workflow templates that embed consent validation within natural-language tasks (e.g., "Summarize athlete X's performance with verified consent"); and (iii) prototype implementations for both team analytics and personalized coaching. Evaluations on synthetic but realistic workloads show high verification accuracy and minimal orchestration overhead, demonstrating the feasibility of real-time, consent-aware analytics. The proposed framework enhances interoperability, regulatory compliance (e.g., GDPR), and athlete autonomy, while bolstering practitioner trust. We conclude by discussing scalability, legacy integration, and privacy trade-offs, and by outlining next steps toward field pilots and multimodal extensions (e.g., video provenance) across professional and amateur sports ecosystems.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Biomechanische Unterschiede bei College-Sprintern, die durch spezialisierte und abwechslungsreiche Trainingsprogramme hervorgerufen wurden</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098792</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098792</guid>
      <author>Li, H.</author>
      <author>Zheng, S.</author>
      <author>Wang, S.</author>
      <author>Cao, Q.</author>
      <author>Zhang, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsprogramm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausbildung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kurzstreckenlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Diagnostik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Drop jump</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zheng, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wang, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cao, Q.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study compared collegiate sprinters from two common admission routes in China to identify pathway-associated differences that may inform subsequent training for athletes entering via the Physical Education College Entrance Examination pathway. Twenty male collegiate sprinters were allocated to a Sports Independent Enrollment group and a Physical Education College Entrance Examination group, with ten participants in each. Participants completed isokinetic knee testing, drop jump tests, static balance tests, and drop jump electromyography assessment. Isokinetic outcomes were largely comparable between groups, although the Sports Independent Enrollment group showed faster time to reach peak torque in the nondominant-side knee extensors. In drop jumps, the Sports Independent Enrollment group demonstrated higher reactive strength, shorter ground contact time, greater leg stiffness normalized to body weight, and shorter propulsion duration. Electromyography patterns differed between groups across movement phases. Balance differences were mainly observed under the single-leg eyes-closed condition in unadjusted comparisons, but none remained significant after false discovery rate adjustment. Overall, between-group differences were more evident in rapid force production and neuromuscular control than in the magnitude of isokinetic strength. These findings provide practical targets for designing subsequent training priorities for athletes entering through the Physical Education College Entrance Examination pathway.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Quantitative Vergleichsanalyse des jährlichen Trainingsumfangs und der Intensitätsverteilung bei männlichen Biathlon-Nationalmannschafts- und Hochschulsportlern unter Einsatz von GPS-Systemen und tragbaren Geräten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098793</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098793</guid>
      <author>Zhang, G.</author>
      <author>Hu, Q.</author>
      <author>Kim, Y.</author>
      <author>Choi, Y.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsumfang</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biathlon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsgestaltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hu, Q.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kim, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Choi, Y.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: Wearable sensors and global positioning systems (GPS) can enable objective monitoring of training loads in outdoor endurance sports. In biathlons, comparing training characteristics across developmental stages can help identify structural gaps and support evidence-informed progression within long-term athlete development (LTAD). This study aimed to quantitatively compare the annual training characteristics of Korean male biathlon national team (NT) and university (UNV) athletes. Methods: Annual physical training data (2022-2024) from NT (n = 6) and UNV (n = 6) athletes were collected using Catapult Vector S7 GPS devices and Polar H10 heart rate monitors. Training volume, intensity distribution (zones 1-3 based on %HRmax), modality (skiing vs. running), and periodization were compared using Mann-Whitney U tests with rank-biserial correlation (r_rb). Results: NT athletes accumulated a higher annual training time and distance than UNV athletes (812 vs. 606 h; 6359 vs. 4130 km; p = 0.002, r_rb = 1.000 for both). The NT athletes spent a lower proportion of time on low-intensity training and a higher proportion on mid and high intensities than UNV athletes (p * 0.015). During high-intensity training, NT athletes maintained a higher proportion of ski-specific training, whereas UNV athletes relied more on running (skiing: 78.5% vs. 46.4%; running: 21.5% vs. 53.6%; both p < 0.001, r_rb = 1.000). The UNV group also showed a more concentrated structure during competition periods than NT athletes (COMP: 28.3% vs. 14.6%; p < 0.05). The absolute annual strength training time did not differ, but UNV athletes showed a higher strength ratio (23.3% vs. 16.8%; p < 0.001, r_rb = 1.000). Conclusion: UNV athletes exhibited a lower total volume, more low-intensity-skewed distribution, and reduced ski-specific exposure during high-intensity training compared with NT athletes. These observed structural gaps can provide empirical benchmarks that may help coaches plan stage-appropriate progression, and they illustrate the practical value of GPS- and wearable-based monitoring for identifying training divergences across developmental stages.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Variabilität bei der Bewertung durch die verschiedenen Preisrichter bei den Weltmeisterschaften im Baton-Twirling</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098784</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098784</guid>
      <author>Natsuda, T.</author>
      <author>Kurihara, Y.</author>
      <author>Etani, T.</author>
      <author>Sugisawa, T.</author>
      <author>Miura, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rhythmische Sportgymnastik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Weltmeisterschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eiskunstlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Natsuda, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kurihara, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Etani, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sugisawa, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Miura, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In judged sports, such as rhythmic gymnastics, figure skating, and baton twirling, inter-judge variability in scoring—the degree to which judges differ in their scoring of the same athlete—is a common concern. This study quantitatively examined inter-judge variability using freestyle scores from the World Baton Twirling Championships held in 2018 and 2022. Data were collected from the preliminary rounds of senior and junior women's divisions, with scores assigned by seven judges. Welch's analyses of variance were performed to assess the effects of athlete ranking group (high, middle, low) on inter-judge variability across two scoring axes: technical merit (TM) and artistic expression (AE). These analyses were conducted separately for each competition year (2018 and 2022) and division (senior and junior). In the senior division in 2018, inter-judge variabilities for both TM and AE were significantly lower in the high-ranking group than in the other ranking groups. In the junior division in 2018, inter-judge variabilities for both TM and AE were significantly lower in the high-ranking group than in the low-ranking group. These findings are interpreted in terms of the interactions among the competitive structure of baton twirling and the cognitive processes involved in judging.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Belagspezifische Leistungsmuster im Herreneinzel bei den Grand-Slam-Turnieren 2025</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098785</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098785</guid>
      <author>Li, C.</author>
      <author>Huang, C.</author>
      <author>Chang, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belag</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Li, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Huang, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chang, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study analyzed post match data from the men's singles events at the 2025 Australian Open, French Open, and Wimbledon Championships to examine the relationship between match outcomes and technical performance across different court surfaces. Technical variables were compared between winners and losers using paired-samples t-tests, followed by exploratory binary logistic regression to identify key performance indicators. Surface-related differences in champions` performance were examined descriptively across hard, clay, and grass courts. The results indicated that first serve points won and return points won were key predictors of match outcomes across all surfaces, with return points won showing predictive value specifically at the Australian Open and Wimbledon, and break point conversion rate being predictive at the French Open. Championship players recorded a higher number of winners at the French Open compared with the Australian Open and Wimbledon, suggesting that surface-specific bounce characteristics may facilitate more aggressive offensive play.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zeitliche Veränderungen bei der Rückgabe des Aufschlags bei den Olympischen Spielen im Tischtennis von 2012 bis 2021</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098786</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098786</guid>
      <author>Tamaki, S.</author>
      <author>Yoshida, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Tischtennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Tamaki, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yoshida, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study investigated temporal changes in service returns in elite table tennis by analyzing men's and women's singles matches from the 2012, 2016, and 2021 Olympic Games. Quarterfinals and subsequent matches were analyzed, focusing on service placement and service return stroke types. Chi-square tests and effect sizes were employed to assess longitudinal and sex-related differences. The results revealed significant temporal changes in women's matches, characterized by a consistent increase in backhand-based service returns, particularly backhand topspin, accompanied by a shift in service placement toward the short-forehand area. Consequently, sex differences in service return stroke types for services directed toward the backhand and middle areas diminished over time. In contrast, men's matches exhibited no consistent temporal changes in the frequency of service return stroke types. However, observed shifts in service placement suggest changes in tactical patterns that were not fully captured by usage frequency alone. Despite an overall convergence in certain aspects, marked sex differences persisted in service return stroke types for services directed to the forehand side. These findings indicate that service returns in elite table tennis evolved differently for men and women during the examined period and have practical implications for coaching and training, particularly for female players.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Eine einheitliche Kennzahl zur Bewertung der Serverqualität im Tennis</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098787</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098787</guid>
      <author>Li, A.</author>
      <author>Balajee, A.</author>
      <author>Wieand, H.</author>
      <author>Pipping-Gamón, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prognose</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Qualität</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Li, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Balajee, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wieand, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pipping-Gamón, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Traditional tennis rating systems (e.g., Elo) summarize overall player strength but do not isolate the independent value of serving. Using point-by-point data from Wimbledon and the U.S. Open, we develop serve-specific player metrics that separate serving quality from return ability and other latent factors. For each tournament and gender, we fit logistic mixed-effects models of point outcomes using serve speed, speed variability, and placement features, with crossed server and returner random intercepts to capture unobserved player strengths. From these models we derive Server Quality Scores (SQS): partially pooled, opponent-adjusted estimates of players` serving impact. In out-of-sample evaluation, SQS aligns more strongly with serve efficiency—the probability of winning points within three shots—than weighted Elo. We further benchmark SQS against task-aligned serve-stat baselines and model ablations, quantifying the incremental value of serve features and partial pooling. Associations with overall serve win percentage are smaller and dataset-dependent, and neither SQS nor weighted Elo consistently dominates that outcome. Overall, SQS is best interpreted as a measure of serve-induced short-point advantage (serve quality plus early-point conversion), complementing holistic ratings with actionable insight for coaching, forecasting, and player evaluation.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Geschick oder Zufall? Eine bayesianische Analyse von Abhängigkeiten und Heterogenität bei Elfmeterschießen im Fußball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098788</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098788</guid>
      <author>Deb, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fertigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prognose</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Theorie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mathematisch-logisches Modell</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Deb, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Penalty shootouts in association football are sometimes criticized by fans and pundits as an imperfect tie-breaking procedure. In this study, we analyze through a Bayesian model if shootouts are governed more by skill or by chance. Using a representative dataset from twelve recent European seasons, we fit a hierarchical logistic model with appropriate random effects and a within-shootout latent autoregressive state to capture evolving pressure. The model is implemented through Hamiltonian Monte Carlo approach. Our proposed framework allows us to quantify the amount of skill involved in shootouts by the proportion of logit-scale variance attributable to persistent heterogeneity versus idiosyncratic and state noise. We also compare the full specification to nested alternatives via PSIS-LOO, stacking, and decision-oriented scores computed from leave-one-shootout-out predictive distributions. Empirically, persistent individual effects are found to be small: the posterior SkillShare is near zero in the full model, suggesting that shootouts are primarily chance dominated. As a by-product of our approach, we show how the proposed model can also be utilized to rank the shooters as well as to optimize penalty-taking orders. We also discuss a few alternative tie-breaking procedures as future recommendations which can be evaluated in a similar modeling framework.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vier Faktoren als Schlüsselindikatoren für den Spielausgang bei der U19-Frauen-Weltmeisterschaft und der Frauen-EuroBasket 2025</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098878</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098878</guid>
      <author>Tománek, L.</author>
      <author>Suja, Š.</author>
      <author>Di Michele, R.</author>
      <author>Li, F.</author>
      <author>Vencúrik, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>2025</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Weltmeisterschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Tománek, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Suja, Š.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Di Michele, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vencúrik, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Among the most influential statistical metrics in basketball is Oliver`s Four Factors model, which includes effective field goal percentage (eFG%), turnover percentage (TOV%), offensive rebound percentage (ORB%), and free-throw rate (FTR). Although widely used in men`s basketball, its application in women`s competitions, particularly at youth levels, remains limited. This study examined the predictive value of Oliver`s Four Factors (eFG%, TOV%, ORB%, FTR) for game outcomes in women`s basketball at the FIBA U19 Women`s Basketball World Cup 2025 (WCU19w 2025) and Women`s EuroBasket 2025 (EBw 2025).

Methods
A total of 85 games (170 team performances) were analysed across both tournaments. Game-related statistics were extracted from official FIBA sources and used to compute the Four Factors. Differences between winning and defeated teams were assessed, and binary logistic regression was applied to identify key predictors.

Results
Winning teams at the WCU19w 2025 showed higher eFG%, ORB%, and lower TOV% (p < .05), with eFG% and ORB% identified as significant predictors. At the EBw 2025, significant differences were found in eFG%, TOV%, and FTR (p < .05), with eFG% as the strongest predictor, followed by TOV% and FTR.

Conclusions
Overall, eFG% was the most consistent determinant of success across both competitions. However, performance indicators varied by category: offensive rebounding was more relevant in U19, while free-throw rate and turnover control were more important in senior teams. These findings support the applicability of the Four Factors model in women`s basketball and highlight the need to adjust performance priorities according to competitive level.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Wahrnehmung der Zeit im Biathlon im Fokus: Untersuchung physiologischer und wahrnehmungsbezogener Reaktionen auf Zeitdruck</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 01:40:02 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098879</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098879</guid>
      <author>Davis, P. A.</author>
      <author>Åström, E.</author>
      <author>McGawley, K.</author>
      <author>Arnqvist, N. P.</author>
      <author>Kårström, M. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Biathlon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Psychophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>RPE</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Druck</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stress</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Zeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mangel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Davis, P. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Åström, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>McGawley, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arnqvist, N. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kårström, M. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Performing under time pressure is critical, yet limited research has examined how psychophysiological and affective factors influence temporal estimation in sport competition. This study investigated the influence of psychophysiological exertion, fatigue, and affect on time perception during a simulated biathlon competition. Thirty-two biathletes (14 men, 18 women; age M = 21.3, SD = 3.9 y) completed five laps of roller-skiing separated by four shooting rounds (prone-standing-prone-standing). Prospective Time Production (PTP) and Prospective Verbal Estimation (PVE) were assessed alongside heart rate, perceived exertion, fatigue, and affective valence. Participants produced shorter intervals than the PTP target duration (29 s) post-competition (p < .001, d = 0.85), indicating time was perceived to pass faster relative to chronometric time under cumulative psychophysiological load. PVE accuracy differed by shooting position (p < .001, ?2 = .22), with time in prone perceived shorter than standing. Within-participant analyses showed higher heart rate, exertion, fatigue, and negative affect predicted greater temporal distortions during roller-skiing and shooting. These findings indicate that time perception in biathlon is dynamically shaped by interactions between physiological strain, affect, and task-specific attentional demands. Applied implications highlight integrating time perception calibration and affect regulation into pressure-training to improve pacing, shooting rhythm, and performance consistency.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
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