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    <item>
      <title>Verbessern exogene Ketone die Leistungsfähigkeit beim Intervalllauf bei Fußballspielerinnen der Division II?</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097943</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097943</guid>
      <author>Pederson, J. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Dissertation</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>intermittierend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Supplementierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Keton</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Dissertation</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Pederson, J. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The study investigated the efficacy of exogenous ketones in Division II collegiate female soccer athletes during a 20m shuttle run. Thirteen female Division II soccer players (Age: 20 ± 2 yrs, HT: 161 ± 13 cm, WT: 64.2 ± 12.6 kg, BF%: 22.6 ± 7.3 %, Last Known Period: 18.5 ± 20.5 days) completed three YOYO intermittent recovery test level 1 runs (YOYO) in a double-blinded, randomized crossover design. Each trial was separated by four days for recovery. The initial trial served as the baseline, and participants were then randomly assigned to either a placebo or exogenous ketone condition for trials two and three. A GLM repeated measures ANOVA revealed no significant effect on YOYO distance (meters) (F = 2.060, p = 0.149) from consuming exogenous ketones compared to baseline or a placebo. A GLM repeated measures ANOVA found a significant effect of time on blood ketone levels following a supplement and
test protocol (F = 22.252, p < 0.001, partial n² = 0.650). Ketone levels increased significantly from 0.731 mmol/L (SD = 0.2594) at 30 minutes post-supplement consumption to 1.0 mmol/L (SD = 0.3266) at 8 minutes post-test (p = .014) and continued to rise to 1.177 mmol/L (SD = 0.3876) at 20 minutes post-test. A GLM repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant effect of exogenous ketones on post-test blood lactate levels (F = 1.408, p = 0.264, partial n² = 0.105). Pairwise comparisons with a Bonferroni adjustment confirmed no significant differences: baseline (M = 7.77 mmol/L, SD = 1.76) vs. placebo (M = 8.85 mmol/L, SD = 2.62), p = 0.722; baseline vs. ketone (M = 7.78 mmol/L, SD = 1.76), p = 1.0; and placebo vs. ketone, p = 0.731. There were no significant differences across conditions for VO2max as calculated from YOYO performance (F = 1.870, p = 0.176, np2 = 0.135). Regression analysis indicated that blood ketone levels did not significantly predict YOYO performance (R-square = 0.154, p = 0.663). However, though not statistically significant, a 667.86m increase per 1 mmol/L suggests a potentially meaningful practical effect. Regression analysis indicated that BF% was a significant predictor of YOYO performance (p = 0.001, CI 95%). For each 1% increase in BF%, the YOYO distance decreased by 44.41m (p = 0.033).]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Systematische Übersicht über Trainingsmaßnahmen im Bogenschießen: Verletzungsmanagement und Leistungsergebnisse </title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097945</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097945</guid>
      <author>Subramaniam, A.</author>
      <author>Zainudin, F. F.</author>
      <author>Sut Txi, M. R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Bogenschießen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Subramaniam, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zainudin, F. F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sut Txi, M. R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background. Exercise-based interventions are increasingly incorporated into archery training to enhance performance and reduce injury risk. However, the extent to which these interventions directly contribute to injury management and performance improvement remains unclear.

Objectives. This systematic review aimed to examine the effects of exercise interventions on injury management and performance improvement in archers. The review synthesizes 10 years of evidence (January 2015-April 2025) to provide recommendations for developing targeted exercise programs that address both performance optimization and injury prevention.

Materials and Methods. A comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SPORTDiscus, yielding 767 articles. Studies were screened according to predefined inclusion criteria, resulting in 15 eligible studies. Extracted outcomes included shooting accuracy, postural control, muscle strength, and indicators relevant to injury management. Methodological quality was assessed using the SQAC, with all included studies scoring =50%, indicating acceptable-to-high methodological rigor. Due to heterogeneity in study designs, interventions, and outcome measures, a meta-analysis was not performed.

Results. Most studies focused primarily on performance enhancement rather than direct injury management. Nonetheless, several exercise interventions demonstrated indirect benefits relevant to injury management and prevention, including improvements in postural stability, neuromuscular control, and muscular endurance. Core stability training, Pilates-based balance training, circuit training, and strength conditioning consistently produced significant improvements in postural stability (moderate-to-large effect sizes), muscle strength, and shooting accuracy. Targeted exercises such as lower trapezius strengthening, compound weight training, and archery-specific drills further enhanced accuracy, endurance, and neuromuscular coordination.

Conclusions. Exercise interventions meaningfully improve key performance outcomes in archers and may provide indirect benefits for injury prevention through improvements in strength, balance, postural control, and neuromuscular stability. Future research should incorporate standardized exercise protocols and prioritize larger randomized controlled trials explicitly examining injury-related outcomes to strengthen evidence-based practice in archery.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wiederherstellung von Funktion und Leistungsfähigkeit bei Bogenschützen mit Verletzungen der Rotatorenmanschette: Die kombinierte Wirkung der Muskelenergietechnik und der Kryotherapie</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097947</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097947</guid>
      <author>Singh, A.</author>
      <author>Mehta, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Bogenschießen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schulter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Therapie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Funktion</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Rotatorenmanschette</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kryotherapie</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Singh, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mehta, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: Archery is a practice, which is highly repetitive and loaded massively on the upper extremities, which are asymmetrical. Although it may seem that the biomechanical requirements of the Draw and Hold phases of the sport are mild, they pose huge loads on the glenohumeral joint. The rotator cuff and especially the supraspinatus and infraspinatus tendons are vulnerable to overuse trauma, subacromial impaction and tendinopathy.

Purpose: This research paper is a critical evaluation of the synergistic effectiveness of a multimodal treatment protocol of the Muscle Energy Technique (MET) combined with Cryotherapy as part of a traditional exercise program. The proposal will focus on establishing the efficacy of this method in the restoration of Range of Motion (ROM), pain, and shooting accuracy in injured archers.

Methods: Review of existing literature in sports medicine was carried out on rehabilitation measures on overhead athletes. There are outcome measures that are the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPADI), and proprioceptive acuity.

Conclusion: MET and Cryotherapy used simultaneously deal with the two-factor pathology of mechanical stiffness and biochemical inflammation. MET recreates the physiological length-tension relationship of external rotators, corrects scapular dyskinesis, and Cryotherapy controls the acute inflammatory response. Such a combination strategy makes it easier and safer to get back to elite performance faster than single therapies. ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Krafttraining im Fitnessstudio versus spezifisches Krafttraining auf dem Fahrrad bei jungen Offroad-Radfahrern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097948</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097948</guid>
      <author>Vicari, D. S. S.</author>
      <author>Filipas, L.</author>
      <author>Giustino, V.</author>
      <author>Drid, P.</author>
      <author>Bianco, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Radsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsprogramm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Vicari, D. S. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Filipas, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Giustino, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Drid, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bianco, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
The benefits of strength training in cyclists are still a topic of debate. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of strength training performed in the gym with specific strength training performed on the bike in young off-road cyclists.

Sources of data
Nineteen participants were divided into the following two groups: (i) the group A performed 12 weeks of endurance training combined with two sessions/week of strength training in the gym; (ii) the group B performed 12 weeks of endurance training combined with two sessions/week of specific strength training on the bike. Incremental test, 30 s Wingate test, and countermovement jump test were conducted at pre (T0) and post (T1) training programs.

Areas of agreement
The findings are in line with previous research showing that heavy strength training in cyclists has significant improvements in some aerobic and anaerobic performance outcomes. Indeed, our results showed that in the group A, the Mean Power Output (MPO) of the 30 s Wingate test increased significantly between T0 and T1 (P = .002). In the group B, no significant differences were found in the MPO of the 30 s Wingate test between T0 and T1 (P = .276). In the group A, the Maximum Power Achieved (MPA) increased significantly between T0 and T1 (P < .001). In the group B, no significant differences were found in the MPA between T0 and T1 (P = .889).

Areas of controversy
Strength training in the gym for cyclists has not been widely investigated, and, in fact, the literature shows conflicting results on the topic, with some research groups highlighting the importance of sport-specific strength training. In this way, in both groups, no significant differences in the vertical jump height between T0 and T1 (P = .331 and P = .184, for groups A and B, respectively) were detected. However, the small sample size and the numerical heterogeneity between males and females in the recruited sample do not allow to generalize findings.

Growing points
As the group of cyclists who performed strength training in the gym showed significant improvements, this study suggests integrating heavy strength sessions in the gym into the usual endurance training program.

Areas timely for developing research
Further studies should investigate the effectiveness of strength training in the gym both in all off-road cycling categories as well as in other cycling specialities.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kardiovaskuläre Anpassung an die Trainingsbelastung bei Ausdauersportlern: eine Längsschnittstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097949</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097949</guid>
      <author>Dausin, C.</author>
      <author>Ruiz-Carmona, S.</author>
      <author>Cauwenberghs, N.</author>
      <author>De Bosscher, R.</author>
      <author>Ntalianis, E.</author>
      <author>Kuznetsova, T.</author>
      <author>Foulkes, S.</author>
      <author>Janssens, K.</author>
      <author>Mitchell, A.</author>
      <author>Vanderschueren, W.</author>
      <author>Ghekiere, O.</author>
      <author>Bogaert, J.</author>
      <author>Van De Heyning, C. M.</author>
      <author>Herbots, L.</author>
      <author>Heidbuchel, H.</author>
      <author>Willems, R.</author>
      <author>La Gerche, A.</author>
      <author>Claessen, G.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauerdisziplinen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erwachsene</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Herz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreislauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Dausin, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ruiz-Carmona, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cauwenberghs, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>De Bosscher, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ntalianis, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kuznetsova, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Foulkes, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Janssens, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mitchell, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vanderschueren, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ghekiere, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bogaert, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Van De Heyning, C. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Herbots, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Heidbuchel, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Willems, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>La Gerche, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Claessen, G.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background and Aims
Prior studies on cardiac remodelling associated with exercise have relied on self-reported data of uncertain accuracy. In the present study, exercise duration and intensity were objectively quantified using heart rate (HR) monitors in athletes, and these metrics were correlated with cardiac magnetic resonance findings.

Methods
Young (16-23 years, n = 69) and middle-aged (45-70 years, n = 82) male endurance athletes with >=80% of training sessions recorded via chest-worn HR monitors over 3 months were included. Training duration, session count, and intensity (classified into five HR zones and expressed as Edwards training impulse in arbitrary units) were analysed. Cardiac magnetic resonance measured indexed left/right ventricular volumes, ejection fraction, and left ventricular mass.

Results
Younger athletes trained more than older athletes [169 (127-209) vs 78 (49-114) hours; 23 129 (17 880-28 305) vs 12 620 (7168-17 607) arbitrary units; both P < .05] over a 3-month period. In all athletes, light-to-moderate-intensity training exceeded thresholds of >6 or >9 metabolic equivalent of tasks to describe intense activity. Training duration (r > .33, P < .05 for all) and Edwards training impulse (r > .29, P < .05 for all) correlated with cardiac dimensions, but the duration always outperformed intensity. Time spent in lower HR zones (1 and 2) correlated more with cardiac dimensions than higher-intensity training. Partial least squares analysis identified training duration in Zones 1&2 and 3 and age as key determinants of cardiac remodelling, whereas intensity was not a significant determinant of cardiac dimensions.

Conclusions
Objective exercise quantification reveals new insights into cardiac remodelling, highlighting total exercise duration as a primary determinant of left/right ventricular volumes, independent of intensity. Traditional questionnaire-based methods may overlook these relationships.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Postaktivierungspotenzierung (PAP): Auswirkungen auf die Zielgenauigkeit im Bogenschießen</title>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2022 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097950</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097950</guid>
      <author>Burcu, B.</author>
      <author>Bülent, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Bogenschießen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aufwärmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungsgenauigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Postaktive Potenzierung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Burcu, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bülent, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Post-activation potentiation (PAP) is a physiological phenomenon referring to acute improvement in muscle`s ability to generate strength and thus performance potentially. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of PAP on target performance in archery. Thirteen male archery athletes competing in Olympic archery voluntarily participated in this study. Participants` ages, experience in this sport (years), stature, body mass, body-mass index, bent-over row 1 repetition maximum (1RM) 85% were determined in the first session. PAP protocols were applied with a load of 85% of 1RM. Athletes participated in each protocol in a crossover design. The test protocols applied to athletes were as follows; Archery Specific Warm-up Protocol (ASW), fiveminutes rest following PAP protocol prior to the first phase (PAP5), eight-minutes rest following PAP protocol prior to the first phase (PAP8), and lastly eight-minutes rest PAP protocol before both phases (PAP8x2). After each protocol, athletes shoot at targets set at 60 meters away, and each score was recorded. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 20, and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures was used for normally distributed data. No statistically significant difference was determined between ASW and PAP protocols, yet better target performance was noted following PAP considering score means. The findings of this study suggest that PAP protocols applied before shooting are effective considering score means even though this effect is not statistically significant. Per this trend, both the positive effects of PAP on performance, particularly on strength, and the need for considering PAP for each athlete individually are suggested not to be overlooked.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Zusammenhang zwischen mentaler Stärke und Angst bei Sportlern: Eine Metaanalyse</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097951</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097951</guid>
      <author>Islam, S.</author>
      <author>Husein, M.</author>
      <author>Hasan, B.</author>
      <author>Muti, G. G.</author>
      <author>Muti, N. S.</author>
      <author>Lembang, M. T.</author>
      <author>Nubatonis, J. D.</author>
      <author>Kristiono, A. A.</author>
      <author>Taiar, R.</author>
      <author>Salacup, V. L. D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angst</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>mentale Stärke</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Islam, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Husein, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hasan, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Muti, G. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Muti, N. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lembang, M. T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nubatonis, J. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kristiono, A. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Taiar, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Salacup, V. L. D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: This study was motivated by the importance of the role of psychological aspects, especially mental toughness, in supporting athletes' abilities when facing anxiety in a match.

Materials and Methods: This study used a meta-analysis method. The search used the Publish and Publish application, with Google Scholar as the database. Literature searches from various sources used the keywords: "Mental Toughness", "Athlete Anxiety", "Competitive Anxiety", "Performance Anxiety", and "Sports Psychology". Five hundred eighteen articles were obtained, which were then filtered based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, and 23 articles were analyzed.

Result: The results of the analysis show a negative relationship in the moderate category between mental toughness and competitive anxiety, with rRE = -0.320 (z = -3.030; p < 0.002; 95% CI: -0.113 to -0.528). Egger's test showed no publication bias (p = 0.748 > 0.05).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that increased mental toughness is negatively associated with athletes' levels of competitive anxiety. In other words, the higher an athlete's level of mental toughness, the lower their anåxiety levels during competition. This research suggests that coaches and sports psychologists are crucial to integrating psychological practices, such as goal setting, positive self-talk, and imagery, into athletes' training programs. This approach can help improve mental toughness and reduce athletes' anxiety during competition. ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen von Krafttraining auf die Knochenmineraldichte bei Sportlern mit einem Risiko für relative Energiedefizite im Sport</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097952</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097952</guid>
      <author>Cook, V.</author>
      <author>Johnson, W.</author>
      <author>Cantley, B.</author>
      <author>Caulkins, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Energie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Energiestoffwechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mangel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knochen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mineral</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Knochenmineraldichte</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>RED-S</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Cook, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Johnson, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cantley, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Caulkins, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (REDs) is a syndrome that negatively affects athletes and can have long-term consequences. REDs is characterized by physical and psychological dysfunction that is caused by problematic low energy availability. One of the most detrimental effects of REDs is low bone mineral density (BMD), which can lead to stress fractures, decreased performance, and osteoporosis. Resistance training is known to provide osteogenic stimulus and is commonly prescribed in the management and prevention of osteoporosis. There is no standard screening or management of REDs, including a lack of protocols for prescribing resistance training, making identification and treatment difficult. This review examines the effect of resistance training on BMD in male athletes who are at risk of developing REDs. Evidence suggests that resistance training may improve or preserve BMD in this population, but further studies are needed to determine optimal training protocols and to establish the safety and efficacy of resistance training as part of REDs management.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Einsatz sportspezifischer Kraft-Ausdauer-Übungen bei männlichen Ruderern im Alter von 17 bis 18 Jahren im Nationalen Sporttrainingszentrum Danang, Vietnam</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097953</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097953</guid>
      <author>Tuan, N. N.</author>
      <author>Hung, T. M.</author>
      <author>Tan, H. D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rudern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Vietnam</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingszentrum</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsprogramm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraftausdauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Tuan, N. N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hung, T. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tan, H. D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study addresses a critical gap in endurance development for adolescent male lightweight rowers by designing and evaluating a rowing-specific strength-endurance training program tailored to their physiological characteristics and competitive demands. Conducted at the Danang National Sports Training Center in Vietnam, this mixed-methods study incorporated literature review, expert interviews (n = 26), pedagogical observations, and a six-month training intervention. Twenty male rowers aged 17-18 were randomly divided into experimental (n = 10) and control (n = 10) groups. The experimental group followed a specialized, periodized endurance training regimen, while the control group continued their regular training. Performance was assessed before and after the intervention using six validated indicators: 2000m rowing time, VO2max, 1000m split-time variability, pull-up and push-up endurance, and anaerobic power. The experimental group showed statistically significant improvements across all indicators (p < 0.05), with gains ranging from 8.2% to 44.2%, while the control group exhibited only marginal, non-significant changes. Key exercises, such as timed 2000m rowing, resistance-based pulling, and 1000m repeated runs, received over 85% consensus among experts for their relevance and effectiveness. These findings underscore the importance of integrating sport-specific, structured strength-endurance training to enhance aerobic and anaerobic capacity, muscular endurance, and pacing efficiency in youth rowing. This study provides a scientifically grounded model for optimizing endurance performance in adolescent rowers and offers practical guidance for coaches and sports training centers, particularly in developing countries. Future research should explore long-term adaptations and assess the model's applicability across different age groups and rowing disciplines.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Beobachtung und technische Analyse der Kurvenfahrt im Inline-Speedskating: eine systematische Übersicht</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097954</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097954</guid>
      <author>Medeiros, L.</author>
      <author>Conceição, A.</author>
      <author>Da Costa Machado, R.</author>
      <author>Sarmento, H.</author>
      <author>Batista, M.</author>
      <author>Louro, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Inlineskating</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beobachtung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kurve</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Medeiros, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Conceição, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Da Costa Machado, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sarmento, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Batista, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Louro, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Introduction: Inline speed skating remains underexplored in scientific literature, especially on curved sections of the track.

Objective: this systematic review aims to synthesize current research on biomechanical varia-bles, motor patterns, and observational methodologies.Methodology: following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic search was conducted in Web of Sci-ence  and  PubMed  using  comprehensive  Boolean  expressions  targeting  skating  performance and biomechanics.

Results: a total  of  5825  articles  were  initially  identified,  with  4581  unique  records screened. Nine studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on inline or ice speed skating technique during curves. The  studies  analysed  push-off  mechanics,  leg  asymmetry,  body  tilt,  stroke  frequency, and trajectory. Video capture methodologies were consistently employed, often synchronised with electromyographic and force measurement tools.

Discussion: asymmetric push-off behaviour, particularly greater contribution from the left leg during the curve, was a key finding. Trajectory optimization and inward tilt were also correlated with enhanced performance.

Conclusions: the review highlights that biomechanical asymmetries, especially during crosso-ver techniques, play a critical role in speed maintenance through curves. Consistent trunk-pel-vis alignment and skating close to the inner curve line were associated with better outcomes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Eine systematische Übersicht über Maßnahmen zur Förderung von Nachwuchssportlern als Führungsfiguren</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097955</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097955</guid>
      <author>Butalia, R.</author>
      <author>Rupp, K.-S.</author>
      <author>Tuand, K.</author>
      <author>Boen, F.</author>
      <author>Steffens, N. K.</author>
      <author>Bongaerts, L.</author>
      <author>Loughead, T. M.</author>
      <author>Schepers, K.</author>
      <author>Hendrickx, M. L.</author>
      <author>Fransen, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Förderung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Persönlichkeitsentwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Programm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gruppe</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>soziale Beziehung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Butalia, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rupp, K.-S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tuand, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Boen, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Steffens, N. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bongaerts, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Loughead, T. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Schepers, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hendrickx, M. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fransen, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This systematic review synthesises evidence on athlete leadership development interventions. A search across eight online databases identified 36 studies spanning descriptive, qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods designs. Findings highlight a rapidly growing field in which interventions target not only formal athlete leaders (e.g., team captains) but also informal athlete leaders and athletes without designated leadership roles. Interventions focused on developing a broad range of leadership behaviours, with a strong emphasis on interpersonal skills. Most interventions prioritised leader development, with durations ranging from brief sessions lasting a few hours to multi-year programmes. Study authors (including some trained sport psychologists) and coaches were the primary facilitators. Interventions were predominantly delivered in team sports, with most studies based in the United States. The methodological quality of studies examining intervention effectiveness was mixed. While qualitative studies scored well on critical appraisal and participants reported improvements in their leadership as well as in individual and team outcomes, quantitative studies - typically used to establish causality - performed relatively poorly. Consequently, quantitative evidence for intervention effectiveness should be interpreted with caution. Nonetheless, their findings suggest that the most effective interventions targeted the team`s best athlete leaders (whether formal or informal), focused on leadership rather than leader development, were grounded in the identity leadership framework, and lasted three to five months. Moreover, coach-delivered interventions outperformed those led by study authors, including those with sport psychology training. Overall, our findings provide a foundation for advancing research and practice in athlete leadership development.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Männlichkeitsnormen, Stressunterschätzung, psychische Belastung und Wohlbefinden bei japanischen Spitzensportlern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097956</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097956</guid>
      <author>Ojio, Y.</author>
      <author>Izawa, S.</author>
      <author>Watanabe, Y.</author>
      <author>Oliffe, J. L.</author>
      <author>Rice, S. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stress</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wohlbefinden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Norm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Japan</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ojio, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Izawa, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Watanabe, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Oliffe, J. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rice, S. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Many elite male athletes experience mental health challenges yet remain reluctant to seek help. This reluctance is shaped not only by external stigma but also by internalised factors such as stress underestimation and conformity to restrictive masculinity norms, psychological strain, and subjective well-being among elite athletes. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 227 male elite rugby players in Japan. Masculinity was assessed across five dimensions: high social status, physical and psychological toughness, high agency, low effeminacy, and superiority over women. Stress underestimation was measured across four domains: excessive self-efficacy for managing stress, insensitivity to stress, overgeneralisation of stress, and evasive attitudes toward stress. Multiple regression analyses revealed that stronger adherence to restrictive masculinity norms was associated with greater stress underestimation (B = 0.10, p < .001). Among masculinity dimensions, low effeminacy showed the strongest associations with overall stress underestimation (B = 0.36, p < 0.01) and evasive attitudes toward stress (B = 0.09, p = .03). Physical and psychological toughness was positively associated with psychological strain (B = 0.27, p = .02), while stress underestimation was negatively associated (B = -0.26, p = .01). Their interaction was marginal (B = -0.08, p = .07), indicating that toughness predicted higher strain when stress negation was low. Psychological strain was negatively associated with well-being (B = -0.41, p < .001). These findings suggest that rejecting femininity and emphasising toughness may mask psychological while sustaining short-term perceptions of well-being. Promoting emotional literacy and flexible masculine identities may support healthier adaptation in elite sport.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Erfahrungen von Fußballschiedsrichtern mit Konflikten und die Praxis im Bereich Konfliktmanagement: eine Übersichtsstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097957</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097957</guid>
      <author>Grant, M.</author>
      <author>Urang, S. A. S.</author>
      <author>Hammond, S.</author>
      <author>Biggart, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kampfrichter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Konflikt</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Grant, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Urang, S. A. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hammond, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Biggart, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Soccer is one of the most participated in sports in the world, and referees ensure the laws are abided by. Growing attention has been given to researching the psychological aspects of refereeing because of the awareness of how refereeing performance is impacted. This scoping review aimed to map the extent of peer-reviewed and grey literature that identifies conflicts and conflict management training for soccer referees. This scoping review identified various events, perceived conflicts, and outcomes of conflicts experienced by soccer referees. No outright conflict management interventions were identified. This scoping review is the first to investigate soccer refereeing conflict management and illustrates the need to understand potential links between events surrounding a game, the conflicts and outcomes. It also highlights the need to understand what conflicts underrepresented demographics face, what conflict management approaches are used, the impact different approaches have on the game, and maps out a research agenda.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Raum-zeitliche Dynamiken und taktische Interaktionen im Wettkampftennis: eine Übersichtsstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097958</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097958</guid>
      <author>Collado-Lázaro, I.</author>
      <author>Balsalobre-Fernández, C.</author>
      <author>Araújo, D.</author>
      <author>Carvalho, J.</author>
      <author>Crespo, M.</author>
      <author>Martínez-Gallego, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Interaktion</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Collado-Lázaro, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Balsalobre-Fernández, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Araújo, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Carvalho, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Crespo, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Martínez-Gallego, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Examining how tennis players disrupt stable coordination to gain an advantage or restore balance provides valuable insight into their decision-making and interaction dynamics. However, the mechanisms behind leading or lagging in interactions and the role of interpersonal coordination in performance outcomes remain unclear. This scoping review consolidates existing research on players` positional strategies and tactical decision-making, exploring how spatiotemporal variables influence performance to guide future research and practical applications in coaching and match analysis. A systematic search across Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and SPORTDiscus, combined with expert input following PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews, identified 24 studies investigating tennis players` positional interactions in real-game situations, published in English or Spanish. The findings highlight effective strategies and key performance factors, providing valuable insights into how tactical decisions and interpersonal coordination shape game outcomes. However, further research is needed to clarify how and why interaction dynamics between players change, considering movement characteristics in relation to ball parameters.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Untersuchung der dreiseitigen Wechselwirkungen zwischen dem von Trainern, Eltern und Gleichaltrigen geschaffenen Motivationsklima und Burnout bei chinesischen Nachwuchssportlern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097959</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097959</guid>
      <author>Zhong, J.</author>
      <author>Wang, Q.</author>
      <author>Bao, H.</author>
      <author>Wang, Y.</author>
      <author>Guo, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>China</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stress</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Krankheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motivation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>soziale Beziehung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Familie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Burnout</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Zhong, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wang, Q.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bao, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wang, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Guo, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In the context of youth sports, burnout is characterised as a chronic loss of motivation caused by prolonged stress without effective coping. Drawing on Achievement Goal Theory (AGT), previous research has examined the independent and bidirectional interaction effects of motivational climates created by coaches, parents, and peers on youth athletic burnout. However, little is known about potential three-way interactions among these agents and which climate combinations may mitigate burnout. To address this gap, the present study examined such interactive effects of mastery climate (MC) and performance climate (PC), as perceived to be created by coaches, parents, and peers, on burnout in 1,022 Chinese youth athletes (Male = 629, Female = 393, Mage = 17.45 ± 1.11 years). Two significant three-way interaction effects emerged: Coach MC × Parent PC × Peer MC (ß = -0.07, t = -1.99, p < .05) and Coach MC × Parent PC × Peer PC (ß = 0.08, t = -2.32, p < .05). Visualisation indicated that combinations such as high Coach MC + low Parent PC + high Peer MC and high Coach MC + low Parent PC + low Peer PC buffered burnout. In contrast, low Coach MC + high Parent PC + low Peer MC and low Coach MC + high Parent PC + high Peer PC exacerbated it. These findings highlight the need to move beyond a single-agent focus on athlete motivation research. To effectively combat burnout, fostering a synergistic motivational climate ecosystem through the collaboration of coaches, parents, and peers may be beneficial.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bewegungsablauf der Gelenke der unteren Extremitäten bei Vordhandschlägen mit wechselnder und voller Standfläche beim Tischtennis</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097960</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097960</guid>
      <author>Jin, P.</author>
      <author>Yang, C.</author>
      <author>Bankosz, Z.</author>
      <author>Sun, B.</author>
      <author>Kong, Q.</author>
      <author>Ren, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Tischtennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bein</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gelenk</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fuß</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Vorhand</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Jin, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yang, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bankosz, Z.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sun, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kong, Q.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ren, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Footwork plays a crucial role in the stroke performance of athletes, yet its underlying foot support patterns remain underexplored. This study aimed to compare the biomechanical differences in lower limb joints between alternating foot support pattern (ASP) and full-foot support pattern (FSP) in table tennis footwork. Twelve national level I male table tennis athletes participated in a within-subject design, performing both foot support patterns. Compared with ASP, FSP showed significantly lower peak hip power generation (10.38 ± 1.42 W/kg), lower ankle power generation and absorption, with reduced ankle rates of change. In addition, the relative contribution of ankle power generation (1.25 ± 1.60%) decreased, leading to a higher combined contribution of the hip (93.62 ± 3.76%) and ankle (4.96 ± 4.46%) joints. The peak time of ankle power absorption was significantly delayed. By contrast, the relative contributions of hip and knee power generation were higher in FSP than in ASP. Overall, hip joint function serves as the primary source of positive work in both ASP and FSP. FSP reduced ankle joint contribution, with the hip and knee joints compensating for this limitation during the stroke. Athletes should actively adjust their movements according to the characteristics of the foot support pattern.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kartierung unumstrittener und umstrittener Vorstellungen von Geschlecht/Gender im Spitzensport: Anwendung der Actor-Network Theory auf das olympische Gewichtheben der Frauen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097961</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097961</guid>
      <author>Nelson, M.</author>
      <author>Thorpe, H.</author>
      <author>Wheaton, B.</author>
      <author>Clarke, G. H.</author>
      <author>Sims, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Gewichtheben</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Methodologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Theorie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschlecht</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Wissen</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>geschlechtsspezifisch</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Nelson, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Thorpe, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wheaton, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Clarke, G. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sims, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Beliefs about women athletes` bodies, physical capacities, and the `best` training methods to attain maximal performance are continually debated inside and outside of sport. But it is unclear how these many disparate, and at times conflicting, knowledges come together to shape women athletes` health and performance. In this paper, we engage Actor-Network Theory (ANT) as a methodological framework for examining the variety of sex and gendered knowledges in sport. To illustrate the functionality of this approach to examine extensive, diverse systems of knowledge, we discuss our operationalisation of ANT as a methodology to examine the sex and gender-focused knowledge networks of Olympic Weightlifting. Drawing from a series of linked qualitative methods, we recount the multitude of contested knowledges about sex, gender, and strength that our mapping made visible, as well as the human and non-human entities that acted to facilitate or hinder their travel throughout the sporting network. Combining actor-network maps with creative non-fiction vignettes, we demonstrate the complex interactions of knowledge that circulated between areas of the network (Olympic Weightlifting gyms, Instagram, academia and the International Weightlifting Federation). We conclude by providing concrete methodological recommendations for future researchers that endeavour to use ANT to study systems of knowledge.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wie neuseeländische Spitzensportler mit Doppelkarriere ihren Übergang in den Ruhestand erleben</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097962</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097962</guid>
      <author>Lenton, A.</author>
      <author>Bradbury, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>duale Karriere</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beruf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfahrung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Neuseeland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Finanzen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>soziale Beziehung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Emotion</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stress</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportsoziologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Karriereende</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Dropout</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Identität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Lenton, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bradbury, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The retirement transition is complex and can require significant psychological, social, and vocational adjustment for elite athletes. Having a dual career (DC) enables athletes to pursue alternate educational/vocational interests while competing. Currently, the relationship between having a DC and coping with retirement for elite athletes is unclear. This study examines the retirement transition experiences of 16 New Zealand elite athletes who pursued DCs during their sporting careers. Framed by an interpretive qualitative approach and guided by the Holistic Athletic Career model, semi-structured interviews were utilised to explore athletes` retirement transition experiences across the athletic, psychological, psychosocial, academic/vocational, and financial levels. Reflexive Thematic Analysis revealed that athletes` retirements were heavily influenced by their DCs. Specifically, DCs were linked to additional reasons to retire, reduced athletic identity, and post-retirement vocational opportunities that provided financial security. Sport-related social relationships were what athletes missed most about their sporting career, with DCs found to provide minimal support. Emotional distress led to some early retirement struggles; however, identity diversification and career development from having a DC helped athletes to overcome this and all athletes transitioned successfully to retirement. The findings highlight that DCs positively influence holistic athlete well-being in addition to academic/vocational development. However, the study brought to light the need for DC assistance programmes to offer strategies such as peer mentoring to help athletes develop alternate social networks.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sind erfolgreiche Mannschaften aufmerksamer gegenüber dem Feedback und den Korrekturen ihres Trainers? Eine Längsschnittstudie über eine Volleyballsaison auf nationaler Ebene</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097963</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097963</guid>
      <author>Malisse, F.</author>
      <author>Van Puyenbroeck, S.</author>
      <author>Hofmans, J.</author>
      <author>Broek, G: V.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Volleyball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampfperiode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Feedback</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mannschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Malisse, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Van Puyenbroeck, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hofmans, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Broek, G: V.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In performance-oriented team sports, coaches rely on their power to shape athlete behaviour and optimise team performance. Yet, frequent coach dismissals suggest this influence may be closely tied to team results. However, the empirical relationship between team performance and coach power has received limited attention. Furthermore, existing work on coach power has mainly examined why, rather than whether athletes actually attend to the coach's input and how this evolves over time. Therefore, this study examined how team attentiveness to coach feedback and correction relates to team performance across a season. All 13 male second-division volleyball teams in Belgium (N = 160 athletes) were assessed at four timepoints across a 9-month season: preseason start, competition start, mid-season, and season end. Athletes rated their team's subjective performance and attentiveness to coach feedback and correction. An expectations-adjusted objective performance (EAOP) score was calculated by comparing game results to teams` ranking expectations. Using three-level linear mixed-effects models, we tested our hypotheses. Only subjective performance predicted higher attentiveness (ß = 0.25, p < .001). Team attentiveness declined throughout the season (ß = -0.79, p < .001), even when subjective performance remained high. However, high perceived goal achievement buffered the negative impact of poor EAOP on attentiveness (ß = -0.04, p = .024). These findings suggest that, although team attentiveness to coach feedback and correction is positively tied to subjective performance, it declines towards season end regardless of performance. However, fostering high perceived goal achievement may help coaches sustain their teams` attentiveness despite objective underperformance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen von akuter und chronischer körperlicher Betätigung auf die Leistung im E-Sport: Eine systematische Übersicht</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097965</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097965</guid>
      <author>Wachholz, F.</author>
      <author>Coenen, F.</author>
      <author>Zhang, M.</author>
      <author>Heidenreich, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>E-Sport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsdauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Intervention</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Wachholz, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Coenen, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Heidenreich, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Recent evidence suggests that structured physical exercise (PE) may enhance electronic sports (esports) performance by targeting physiological and cognitive mechanisms similar to those known from traditional athletic training. Esports require rapid decision-making, sustained attention, and fine motor abilities—capacities strongly influenced by regular PE. However, research on the effectiveness and practical implementation of acute and chronic PE interventions on esports performance remains fragmented.

Methods
In accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, searches were conducted across three major databases, supplemented by snowballing and hand-searching. Studies meeting the Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design (PICOS) criteria were subsequently included.

Results
The review synthesized findings from twelve experimental studies investigating acute and chronic PE interventions with e-athletes of different expertises. The interventions included mostly high-intensity interval-training using cycling, walking, treadmill protocols, and exergaming using virtual reality applications, such as Beat Saber. Eight studies analyzed acute effects of PE interventions and typically ranged from 6 to 30 min, while five studies evaluated chronic PE programs and lasted 8-10 weeks with sessions of about 30 min three times per week (one study analyzed both). Across studies, both acute and chronic PE interventions produced beneficial effects on esports-related outcomes. Acute PE consistently improved performance metrics, e.g., executive function, reaction time, aiming accuracy, and elimination rate. Chronic PE interventions demonstrated mixed results: several studies reported gains in executive functions, overall coordination, and grip strength, whereas others found no significant effects on direct esports-related performance measures. Importantly, rest intervals of up to 30 min between exercise and play did not diminish positive effects, underlining the practical feasibility of PE as part of tournament preparation routines.

Conclusions
Current evidence supports the systematic inclusion of structured PE in esports training. PE might not only promotes health and stress resilience but also improves cognitive and perceptual abilities directly linked to competitive esports and gaming performance. Future research should standardize esports performance measures, investigate the specific mechanisms of transfer between physical and virtual training, and validate long-term interventions to establish evidence-based PE protocols for e-athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Eine longitudinale Untersuchung der Knochenmineraldichte über einen Makrozyklus hinweg bei hochtrainierten Athletinnen: Ein systematisches Review</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097966</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097966</guid>
      <author>Black, G. M.</author>
      <author>Wells, M.</author>
      <author>Devlin, B. L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knochen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mineral</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Makrozyklus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Knochenmineraldichte</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Low Energy Availability</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Black, G. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wells, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Devlin, B. L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Bone health in highly trained female athletes is critical for performance and long-term wellbeing, yet systematic evidence regarding seasonal changes remains limited. The main objective of this systematic review (PROSPERO ID: 420251230393) is to determine changes in bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) across the sport macrocycle in highly trained female athletes, encompassing both elite and collegiate (NCAA) populations. Six databases were searched for studies published between 2010 and 2025, with inclusion requiring female athletes, BMD/BMC measurements, and longitudinal assessment across a macrocycle. Fourteen studies involving 522 premenopausal athletes were included, with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurements conducted approximately six months apart. Study quality was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies and indicated a predominantly good quality. Five studies reported no significant change in BMD/BMC, five demonstrated improvements, three reported mixed findings across sports or athlete subgroups, and one reported a significant decline. Only two studies attempted to account for all three primary confounders—menstrual cycle status, dietary intake, and physical activity monitoring—while seven reported no confounding variables. While bone health appears largely maintained across the sport macrocycle in highly trained premenopausal female athletes, these findings should be interpreted cautiously given the inadequate confounder reporting, heterogeneous sport exposures, variability in skeletal sites measured, and inconsistent measurement timing. Future research must comprehensively assess these variables alongside sport-specific skeletal measurements to identify athletes at risk of bone health deterioration.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Rolle des Geschlechts bei individueller und gruppenbasierter Ruderleistung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097967</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097967</guid>
      <author>Gavala-González, J.</author>
      <author>González, J. G.</author>
      <author>Fernández-García, J. C.</author>
      <author>Porras-García, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rudern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschlecht</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Differenz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Herzfrequenz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>RPE</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Geschlechtsunterschiede</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gavala-González, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>González, J. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fernández-García, J. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Porras-García, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study analysed the potential influence of crew size on performance (stroke rate, strokes/min; distance travelled, m/min; and average power, W), physiological responses (post-exercise heart rate and heart rate measured three minutes after exercise) and perceptual responses (Borg scale). A total of 136 adolescent athletes (100 males and 36 females; mean age = 15.79 ± 1.14 years) performed four three-minute maximal-effort trials on a rowing ergometer across four conditions: individual trials (C1), two-person crews (C2), four-person crews (C3), and eight-person crews (C4). Results showed a significant increase in stroke rate (strokes/min) in both sexes as crew size increased (C1 33.16 ± 2.54 vs. C4 34.19 ± 2.21 strokes/min; C1-C4 p = 0.01; C2-C4 p = 0.003). Men reported greater perceived exertion in C1 compared with C4 (Borg 7.80 ± 0.79 vs. 7.46 ± 0.74; p = 0.032), despite no associated changes in performance (863.88 ± 45.10 vs. 863.26 ± 47.63 m/min) or average power (311.71 ± 46.43 vs. 311.44 ± 50.43 W), whereas no differences in perceived exertion were observed in women (Borg 7.59 ± 0.84 vs. 7.56 ± 0.76). Cardiovascular responses were similar across sexes and experimental conditions. In summary, these preliminary findings could point toward the existence of sex-differentiated patterns. The data appear to suggest a more pronounced tendency toward the `crew-size effect` among the men in the sample, whereas an inclination toward maintaining individual responsibility is observed in the women.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Prädiktive Faktoren der psychischen Gesundheit bei Athleten des Paralympischen Vorbereitungsprogramms während sozialer Isolation: Die Rolle von Schlaf, Wettkampfstatus und Motivation</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097968</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097968</guid>
      <author>Coelho, E.</author>
      <author>Lourenço, C.</author>
      <author>Pereira, A.</author>
      <author>Mourão-Carvalhal, M. I.</author>
      <author>Fonseca, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Parasport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Paralympics</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Portugal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wohlbefinden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schlaf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motivation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Isolation</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>COVID-19</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Coronavirus</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Pandemie</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Coelho, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lourenço, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pereira, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mourão-Carvalhal, M. I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fonseca, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: The COVID-19 pandemic posed unprecedented challenges for elite athletes, disrupting training routines and affecting mental health. This study examined the impact of social isolation on training, sleep, motivation, and psychological well-being among Portuguese Paralympic athletes. Methods: Forty-five athletes (31.36 ± 10.81 years) from the Paralympic Preparation Program participated, divided into the Paralympic Preparation Project (PPP; n = 21) and the Paralympic Hopes and Talents Project (PHTP; n = 24). Training routines before and during social isolation were compared. Sleep duration, training motivation, and mental health were assessed using the Mental Health Inventory-5 (MHI-5). The analysis employed paired and independent t-tests and a multiple linear regression (Enter method) to examine predictors of mental health. Results: Daily training duration declined by 34.3% (p < 0.001), though weekly frequency remained stable (p = 0.061). PPP athletes reported higher mental health scores than PHTP athletes (66.24 vs. 60.37; p = 0.048). The regression model explained 42.8% of the variance in mental health (R2 = 0.428). Sleep duration was positively associated with mental health and showed the highest standardized coefficient in the regression (ß = 0.351; p = 0.008), followed by PPP status (ß = 0.315; p = 0.024) and motivation (ß = 0.278; p = 0.041). Conclusions: Maintaining biological routines, particularly sleep and motivation, supports mental health under social isolation. Higher well-being among PPP athletes underscores the need for targeted interventions for less experienced athletes. Sports organizations should prioritize sleep hygiene and psychological support to mitigate vulnerability during crises.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Sport als Instrument der sozialen Entwicklung: Wie Teamarbeit und Wettbewerb die sozialen Kompetenzen von Kindern prägen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098093</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098093</guid>
      <author>Bhimavarapu, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Körperkultur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportsoziologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beteiligung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kind</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Persönlichkeitsentwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>soziale Beziehung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Theorie</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Bhimavarapu, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Sports participation provides children with essential opportunities for social development beyond physical skills. This article explores how organized sports function as natural laboratories where children develop critical social competencies under adult guidance. Through structured engagement in sports, children acquire communication abilities, teamwork skills, conflict resolution strategies, and leadership capabilities that transfer to broader social contexts. It examines theoretical frameworks explaining sports` developmental impact, including Social Learning Theory, Social Development Theory, and the Positive Youth Development Model. It analyzes specific psychological mechanisms underlying social growth, including self-regulation, perspective-taking, and identity formation. It highlights how structural elements of sports—rules, adult mentorship, and progressive challenge—create optimal conditions for social learning. The article concludes with evidence-based recommendations for program design and coach training to maximize positive social outcomes while mitigating potential negative experiences. It demonstrates that when properly structured, sports participation represents a powerful tool for fostering children`s social development, with benefits extending far beyond the playing field.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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      <title>Signifikante Verbesserungen von Explosivkraft, Ausdauer und Beweglichkeit durch strukturiertes Athletiktraining im Jugendfechten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098094</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098094</guid>
      <author>Güray, D.</author>
      <author>Wald, A.</author>
      <author>Mattausch, S.</author>
      <author>Kopf, A.</author>
      <author>Geßlein, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fechten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>konditionelle Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Explosivkraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beweglichkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Güray, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wald, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mattausch, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kopf, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Geßlein, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund: Angesichts des Leistungsrückgangs im deutschen Fechtsport seit 2012 gewinnt systematisches Athletiktraining im Nachwuchsbereich an Bedeutung. Diese Studie untersucht erstmals die Effekte eines strukturierten Athletiktrainings auf die konditionellen Leistungsparameter im deutschen Jugendfechten.

Material & Methoden: In einer 12-monatigen interventionellen Kohortenstudie wurden 22 Jugendfechter (13-17 Jahre) eines Leistungsstützpunkts untersucht. Die Interventionsgruppe (n=12) absolvierte zusätzlich zum regulären Fechttraining wöchentlich 60 Minuten strukturiertes Athletiktraining, die Kontrollgruppe (n=10) trainierte ausschließlich fechtspezifisch. Prä- und Post-Tests umfassten Standweitsprung, 10m-Sprint, T-Test, Rotationswurf, Bourban-Test und Beep-Test.

Zusätzlich wurden in der Interventionsgruppe Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y-Balance-Test und Skillcourt erfasst. Die statistische Auswertung erfolgte mittels t-Tests und Mann-Whitney-U-Tests, ergänzt um Effektstärken (Cohen's d).

Ergebnisse: Die Interventionsgruppe zeigte signifikante Verbesserungen gegenüber der Kontrollgruppe in der Explosivkraft (Sprint: p=0,023, d=1,31; T-Test: p=0,043, d=1,00; Rotationswurf rechts: p=0,023, d=1,05; links: p=0,003, d=1,44) und Ausdauer (Beep-Test: p=0,002, d=1,54). Die Rumpfstabilität zeigte einen Trend zur Signifikanz (p=0,065, d=0,84). Innerhalb der Interventionsgruppe verbesserte sich die Beweglichkeit signifikant (FMS: p=0,002, d=1,14; Y-Balance untere Extremität rechts: p=0,012, links: p=0,019).

Schlussfolgerung: Strukturiertes Athletiktraining führt zu großen bis sehr großen Trainingseffekten bei fechtsportrelevanten konditionellen Parametern. Die Ergebnisse liefern evidenzbasierte Grundlagen für die Integration systematischen Athletiktrainings in die deutsche Nachwuchsförderung im Fechten.
Abstract]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Welche Verhaltensweisen von Eltern gelten bei Jugendsportveranstaltungen in den USA als normal? Wahrnehmungen elterlichen Verhaltens am Spielfeldrand und sozialer Normen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097913</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097913</guid>
      <author>Kim, J.</author>
      <author>Zimmerman, C. T.</author>
      <author>Crozier, A. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>USA</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Norm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Moral</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Eltern</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Sportveranstaltung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Unterstützung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Eltern-Athlet-Beziehung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kim, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zimmerman, C. T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Crozier, A. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Parents can exert both positive and negative influence on youth athletes' sport experiences. One way through which parents shape youth sport environments is engaging in moral behaviors when attending youth sport events. Given that social norm perceptions (i.e., perceptions of what others think and do) can underlie moral behaviors, this study investigated youth sport parents' and athletes' perceptions of parental prosocial (e.g., supporting athletes) and antisocial (e.g., yelling at sport officials) behaviors at youth sport events through the lens of social norms. Analysis of survey data from 280 parents and 122 youth athletes identified that prosocial behaviors were prevalent and approved of, whereas antisocial behaviors were uncommon and disapproved of. Relative to other parent antisocial behaviors, encouraging aggression was perceived as least common and approved of, and yelling at sport officials was perceived as most common and approved of. There were positive associations between parents' perceptions of other parents' behaviors and their own behaviors, and between athletes' perceptions of their parents' behaviors and their own behaviors. Results suggest that parents' and athletes` prosocial and antisocial behaviors in youth sports may relate to their perceptions of how others behave. Therefore, social-norm message interventions that inform individuals about prevalence of prosocial and antisocial behaviors by others may help promote prosocial, and reduce antisocial, behaviors, ultimately contributing to more positive youth sport environments.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Unterstütze mich: Untersuchung von Erfahrungen mit körperbezogenen Gesprächen zwischen Personal Trainern und ihren Klientinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097915</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097915</guid>
      <author>Gray, P.</author>
      <author>Hurst, M.</author>
      <author>Miles, E.</author>
      <author>Ormerod, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gespräch</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körper</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfahrung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kommunikation</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Trainer-Sportler-Beziehung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gray, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hurst, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Miles, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ormerod, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The gendered nature of UK gyms presents barriers to women's use of these spaces, where they often feel intimidated and self-conscious. Personal trainers (PTs) could be instrumental in creating less objectifying exercise environments for women. Exploring the actual interactions in personal training sessions and the dyadic experiences of these interactions could further understanding on how fitness professionals can improve women's experiences of exercise. The present study aimed to explore PTs' and their women clients' perspectives on their body-related interactions in their sessions. Six PT-client dyads from the UK took part in an observation-interview study. We used a novel method involving triangulating data from the personal training session itself, an interview with the PT and an interview with the client. Interactions from each dyad's recorded session were selected according to Objectification Theory and previous research in the personal training context. PTs and clients were then interviewed about their experiences of the selected interactions. Data from sessions and interviews were analysed using a critical realist reflexive thematic analysis. Four themes were generated and presented as composite vignettes: 1) A Body Alliance: How Relational History Creates a Safe Space, 2) Fluidity of Expertise Over the Client's Body, 3) When Body Talk is Lost in Translation, and 4) Strength in Reassurance. Findings suggest ways in which PTs can communicate in order to promote positive body image amongst their clients. This understanding provides insight into how to fitness professionals may reduce barriers to exercise for women, such that more women engage in exercise long-term.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>"Halt den Mund! Schau mich nicht an!": Eine qualitative Beschreibung von Körperbild und Aufmerksamkeit bei Eliteathleten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097917</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097917</guid>
      <author>Thibodeau, D. E.</author>
      <author>Sabiston, C. M.</author>
      <author>Atkinson, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körper</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Emotion</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Störung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Aufmerksamkeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Thibodeau, D. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sabiston, C. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Atkinson, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Elite athletes face pressures related to body weight, shape, and performance that may be heightened by scrutiny from media, spectators, opponents, teammates, coaches, and family. Body dissatisfaction, disordered eating, and negative body-related emotions are common among elite athletes and may contribute to body surveillance and self-monitoring. Although attentional disruption is widely recognized as detrimental to sport performance, little is understood about how body-related thoughts, emotions, and contextual pressures specifically influence athletes` focus in elite sport. Eight elite athletes (Mage = 26.25 years; two cisgender men, six cisgender women) participated in semi-structured interviews as part of a qualitative description study exploring the perceived experiences of how body image influenced their focus in sport. Inductive qualitative content analysis identified three dominant themes: (1) pressures related to appearance and body presentation, (2) efforts to maintain performance focus while managing body-related distraction, and (3) internal and external supports that helped athletes foster more adaptive body image and attentional regulation. Findings highlight body comparisons, uniforms, perceived scrutiny, and weight-related pressures as distinct sources of body-focused distraction that can compete with task-relevant focus. Athletes also described strategies such as mindfulness, self-compassion, and coach support as helpful for redirecting focus toward performance. These findings provide novel insight into body image as an embodied and contextually embedded source of attentional interference in elite sport, with implications for athlete well-being and performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Biomechanik des Tennisaufschlags und Implikationen für die körperliche Konditionierung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097918</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097918</guid>
      <author>Martin, C.</author>
      <author>Touzard, P.</author>
      <author>Fourel, L.</author>
      <author>Fernandez-Fernandez, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>technische Fertigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Aufschlag</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Martin, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Touzard, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fourel, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fernandez-Fernandez, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The serve is a complex overhead motion that plays a key role in tennis performance but also places high mechanical demands on the player's body. This article aimed to synthesize current biomechanical evidence on the serve and translate these findings into practical implications for physical conditioning, performance enhancement, and injury prevention. The serve is described as a coordinated proximo-distal kinetic chain in which the lower limbs initiate force production, the trunk transfers and amplifies angular momentum, and the shoulder provides the largest contribution to racket-head velocity. The elbow-forearm-wrist complex contributes to fine-tuning racket speed and orientation but is particularly sensitive to overload when proximal sequencing is altered. The article also highlights the effects of fatigue on serve mechanics, neuromuscular output, and joint function, which may compromise performance and increase injury risk during prolonged match play. Based on these biomechanical insights, evidence-informed training recommendations are proposed, emphasizing whole-body strength-power development, eccentric load tolerance, multiplanar trunk training, shoulder and scapular control, and fatigue-resistant capacities within a tennis-specific framework.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Von der Turnhalle aufs Eis: Eine Studie zur Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen neuromuskulären Eigenschaften des Unterkörpers abseits des Eises und der linearen Laufleistung bei Eishockeyspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097919</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097919</guid>
      <author>Jenkins, S.</author>
      <author>Forster, J.</author>
      <author>Ryan, C.</author>
      <author>McNulty, J.</author>
      <author>Jablonka, D.</author>
      <author>Uthoff, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eishockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bein</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Jenkins, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Forster, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ryan, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>McNulty, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jablonka, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Uthoff, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Ice hockey places high demands on lower-body neuromuscular qualities, prompting coaches to seek valid off-ice tests that reflect on-ice linear skating performance. This narrative review synthesizes evidence on the relationship between off-ice lower-body neuromuscular qualities and on-ice linear skating performance in ice hockey. Performance findings indicate trivial to near perfect associations between on-ice linear skating performance and off-ice linear sprinting (average r = 0.45, range r = 0.04-0.94), jumping (average r = 0.55, range r = 0.01-0.94), and strength tests (average r = 0.39, range r = 0.04-0.76), with larger coefficients more common in younger cohorts and when longer off-ice sprints are paired with longer on-ice distances. Concentric-dominant measures such as squat jump (SJ) performance and resisted sprinting seem promising in limited samples. However, all neuromuscular quality outcomes demonstrated considerable variability between studies, making it difficult to draw definitive conclusions. Interpretation is constrained by heterogeneous devices, distances, and start procedures, and by inconsistent reporting of phase specificity. Practically, when rink access is limited, coaches may prioritize off-ice linear sprints and SJs to monitor qualities linked to on-ice linear skating performance, while future work should standardize phase-specific on-ice tests and evaluate off-ice measures that better reflect skating mechanics, including resisted sprints and hip abduction/adduction strength.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fußball und der Video-Schiedsrichter: Ein Ansatz der Grounded Theory</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097920</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097920</guid>
      <author>Pashaie, S.</author>
      <author>Dickson, G.</author>
      <author>Abdavi, F.</author>
      <author>Azarin, Y. B.</author>
      <author>Golmohammadi, H.</author>
      <author>Zheng, J.</author>
      <author>Habibpour, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kampfrichter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entscheidungsverhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Qualität</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Videoschiedsrichter</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Pashaie, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dickson, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Abdavi, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Azarin, Y. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Golmohammadi, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zheng, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Habibpour, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Few studies have examined the impact of technological officiating aids on football. The purpose of this study is to design a comprehensive model examining the use of video assistant referee (VAR) technology in football. Based on interviews with eminent sports experts, this study explores the use of VAR technology in football and provides a paradigm model. Data analysis was based on the continuous comparison method during three stages of open, axial and selective coding. The findings point to the ability of a referee to make an informed decision regarding an incident during a match and trends suggest continuing adoption of new technologies in decision support systems. In the model, causal conditions (e.g. rules and regulations, innovation in football) attract attention to the axial phenomenon (i.e. application of VAR technology to football) and strategies for its use (e.g. Total Quality Management, justice, increasing referee supervision) given the interfering factors (e.g. fair play, competition) and existing contexts (e.g. control of anti-football behaviours, referee performance, information technology, IT, control of violence and aggression), which create consequences (i.e. process weakness, slowing down the game, passion killing, increasing the quality of the referee`s decision, increasing referee confidence, economical, increasing decision-making accuracy). Therefore, given the contextual conditions and the intervening factors, implementing VAR technology should improve the quality of football competitions. The research concludes that VAR has the potential to enhance the quality of football competitions but also acknowledges the need to address its negative impacts and ensure sustainable development.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bleifreie 22-LR-Munition für den Schießsport: Eine einfache Umsetzung oder eine riesige Herausforderung?</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097921</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097921</guid>
      <author>Marklund, P.</author>
      <author>Pettersson, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schießen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gewehrschießen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Material</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Genauigkeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Marklund, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pettersson, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In Europe it is approximated that around six million people are active in sport shooting. Currently, most bullets are manufactured out of lead which in many cases is combined with a copper jacket. There are several reasons for using lead; lead is relatively cheap, soft, and has a high density, and is therefore often the ideal material for bullets. Currently, the EU is seeking a restriction or ban on the use of lead in firearm bullets, with the main motivation that hunting with lead bullets might result in lead poisoning of both animals and people. The proposed lead ban will also have a major impact on sport shooting, as it is likely to be subjected to the same regulations. One caliber that has been shown to be very difficult to produce as a lead-free alternative is 22lr (long rifle), which today is the most common caliber for sport shooting in many disciplines. Today, there are not many scientific investigations available which show the performance of lead versus lead-free ammunition in caliber 22lr, even though it would make sense to investigate the possibilities of designing lead-free ammunition before a possible lead ban is further discussed. In this work the performance of two common lead-free 22lr-cartridges is evaluated and shown in comparison with existing lead-based ammunition, with a primary focus on sport shooting. Performance has been evaluated under both summer and winter conditions to cover different sports shooting disciplines. The results of this study clearly show the difficulty of finding lead-free 22lr cartridges with acceptable performance on the market today. In fact, the performance of the tested lead-free ammunition is so poor that the EU`s proposed lead ban could completely ruin shooting as a sport due to a lack of functioning ammunition.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Taktische Faktoren, die den Schusserfolg in der Super League des chinesischen Fußballverbands beeinflussen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097922</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097922</guid>
      <author>Tianbiao, L.</author>
      <author>Qiu, C.</author>
      <author>Micha, P.</author>
      <author>Yuhan, H.</author>
      <author>Haoyang, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>China</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angriff</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Tianbiao, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Qiu, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Micha, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yuhan, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Haoyang, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to investigate the tactical factors influencing shooting success in the Chinese Football Association Super League (CSL). The data set comprised 5914 shooting actions collected from all 240 matches in the CSL 2018 season, featuring 16 different teams. The variables assessed included pass number (PN), playing minute (M), match status (MS), final passing area (FPA), regaining possession position (RPP), offense category (OC), and shooting position (SP). To distinguish the attacking patterns of teams of varying strengths, all 16 teams were clustered into two groups based on two contextual factors: their starting season budgets and their rankings at the end of the season. Firstly, a descriptive analysis was conducted, followed by the application of a binomial-logit model (p < 0.05). The Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method was employed to evaluate the factors impacting shooting success. The results revealed that: (1) Match status (p = 0.0412), regaining possession position (p = 0.0002), and shooting position (p = 0.0001) play important roles in shooting success for all teams. (2) For strong teams, the offense category (p = 0.0031) and the final passing area (p = 0.0027) also have an important influence on shooting success. (3) The tactics of the weak teams should focus especially on the final passing area (p = 0.0388) before shooting at the goal. These findings can provide guidance for coaches in developing more effective scoring strategies or defensive tactics and tailoring them appropriately to the strengths and weaknesses of their respective teams.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Überprüfung der Kriterien für Kopfverletzungen gemäß Testmethode 01 von World Rugby: Analyse und Optimierung des Verfahrens</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097923</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097923</guid>
      <author>Colino, E.</author>
      <author>Felipe, J. L.</author>
      <author>Douglas, M.</author>
      <author>Harrison, E.</author>
      <author>Webb, C.</author>
      <author>del Corral, J.</author>
      <author>Gallardo, L.</author>
      <author>Garcia-Unanue, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rugby</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kopf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Methode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Optimierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Reliabilität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Colino, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Felipe, J. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Douglas, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Harrison, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Webb, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>del Corral, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gallardo, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Garcia-Unanue, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Rugby is a close-contact sport in which players occasionally fall headfirst to the ground during scrums and tackles. Because head impacts represent an obvious threat to players` integrity and safety, World Rugby, Rugby`s International Governing Body, developed a test method named Test Method 01 to evaluate the capacity of the playing surface to mitigate head impacts by determining the critical fall height (CFH). The aim of this study is to analyse World Rugby`s current Test Method 01 head injury criteria (HIC), which consider a field as unsafe if the CFH is below 1.3 m. To make this analysis, a pilot study was performed on seven artificial turf rugby fields. At each field, a three-drop procedure was performed to estimate the initial CFH (CFH0). Subsequently, the procedure was repeated on each surface at 50-mm intervals, from 0.6 m below to 0.6 m above CFH0. All possible combinations of four height-HIC data pairs with two height values below and above 1000 HIC were obtained. A comparison was performed between the linear adjustment, currently prescribed in Test Method 01 to calculate the CFH0, and the quadratic adjustment. In particular, the percentage of outliers obtained when applying both the linear and quadratic adjustment and the robustness of the regressions were investigated. The results show that the current Test Method 01 can be improved by applying two main modifications: first, replacing the linear adjustment with a quadratic adjustment, and second, adapting the current test restrictions by maintaining the maximum difference between the highest and the lowest drop heights in 1.00 m, increasing the minimum difference between consecutive drop heights from 0.15 to 0.20 m and removing the current prohibition on obtaining HIC values close to 1000.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Biomechanische Stryd-Parameter als Indikatoren für Laufökonomie und Leistung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097924</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097924</guid>
      <author>Jaén-Carrillo, D.</author>
      <author>Ruiz-Alias, S. A.</author>
      <author>Olaya-Cuartero, J.</author>
      <author>García-Pinillos, F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Laufökonomie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Bodenkontaktzeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Jaén-Carrillo, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ruiz-Alias, S. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Olaya-Cuartero, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>García-Pinillos, F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The interplay of biomechanical and neuromuscular aspects aids in the conversion of power production in running performance, and when combined with metabolic factors, these aspects may lead to improved running economy (RE). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine the association between the Stryd Power Meter foot pod metrics with RE and performance. Fifteen high-caliber male athletes completed two treadmill running sessions. First, RE was determined at 10 and 12 km/h. Second, two all-out efforts of nine and three minute duration were completed. At 10 km/h, the simple and stepwise multiple linear regression analysis revealed that form power (FP) was the best RE predictor (adjusted R2 = 0.464; p = 0.005) followed by vertical oscillation (VO) (R2 = 0.424; p = 0.005) and ground contact time (GCT) (R2 = 0.363; p = 0.010). At 12 km/h, such regressions confirmed that GCT was the best RE indicator (adjusted R2 = 0.222; p = 0.043) followed by FP (adjusted R2 = 0.213; p = 0.047). During the nine and three minute all-out effort sessions, GCT was the best performance predictor (R2 = 0.491; p = 0.002 and R2 = 0.380; p = 0.014, respectively). The biomechanical factors of GCT and FP are good indicators of RE and running performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Eignung von Smartphones zur Bewertung des Trainings von Kajakfahrern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097925</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097925</guid>
      <author>Álvarez, D.</author>
      <author>López, A. M.</author>
      <author>Alvarez, J. C.</author>
      <author>González, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Kajak</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kanurennsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Inertialmesssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Smartphone</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Validität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Álvarez, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>López, A. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Alvarez, J. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>González, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Over the last few years, the use of automatic performance measurement systems has become relatively common among professional kayak paddlers. Although these systems are not able to perform a complete evaluation of the athlete, they can extract relevant parameters about the training result. Thus, different devices have been developed to measure relevant information such as paddling rhythm. The high price of these devices limits their use for amateur athletes. To overcome this limitation, the validity of the measurements provided by different smartphones, obtained from the integrated inertial sensors, has been analyzed. This study has compared the performance of different phones versus professional Movella DOT inertial measurement devices. The article presents a comparison of the results obtained and proves that smartphones produce results equivalent to those of conventional sensors.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Modellierung und Analyse des alpinen Skirennens auf Basis des DPAS-Modells unter Berücksichtigung von in vier Richtungen ungleichmäßigen Windverhältnissen mit digitalen Zwillingen auf der Abfahrtsstrecke der Olympischen Winterspiele in Peking</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097926</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097926</guid>
      <author>Li, B.</author>
      <author>Li, Z.</author>
      <author>Shen, R.</author>
      <author>Huang, H.</author>
      <author>Wang, Z.</author>
      <author>Zhang, Y.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>alpiner Skisport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Abfahrtslauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>dynamisch</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Umwelt</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele 2022</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Wind</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Strategie</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Computational Fluid Dynamics</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Li, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Li, Z.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shen, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Huang, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wang, Z.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, Y.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In Alpine skiing, the influence of the environment wind on the athlete is crucial. To accurately analyze the coupling effect of environment wind speed, wind direction, and the athlete`s skiing process, this paper establishes the kinematic equations of the athlete based on Newtonian classical mechanics and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and proposes a discretization method for the course. Simulation results were obtained by using CFD to obtain digital twins for the course and its surroundings. The simulation results were also used as input to the wind parameters to analyze the athletes` sliding performance. The Downhill Process in Alpine Skiing (DPAS) model was constructed to validate the actual downhill course in the Beijing Olympic Winter Games. An analytical framework for downhill skiing with way inhomogeneous winds was demonstrated to be a good simulation and validation of our analytical framework, proving its good simulatability and reliability. The downhill process is also subdivided into four phases: start-up acceleration phase, core acceleration phase, intermittent acceleration phase, and endurance sprint phase, based on the velocity-time curve derived from the actual course simulation. Tactical skiing strategies for skiers to improve their performance are proposed for the different stages of the process. We believe that the DPAS model can also be applied to other parts of Alpine skiing such as slalom, giant slalom, and super-G, and that the results can be used to suggest tactical strategies to improve performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vergleich externer Belastungsvariablen nach Spielzeitraum, Spielstatus und Position in einer Profifußballmannschaft: Eine Fallstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097927</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097927</guid>
      <author>Nobari, H.</author>
      <author>Barjaste, A.</author>
      <author>Martins, A. D.</author>
      <author>Oliveira, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Iran</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beschleunigung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampfperiode</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Nobari, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Barjaste, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Martins, A. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Oliveira, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The aims of this study were to compare weekly variations of training monotony (TM) and training strain (TS) among periods of the season, playing status and playing positions in professional soccer athletes. Nineteen male professional soccer players were monitored daily over a 43-week period for their total distance, sprint distance (>23 km h-1), acceleration (Acc, >4 m s-2), and decelerations numbers (Dec, >-4 m s-2). Players were divided in groups of 10 starters and 9 non-starters; and by three central defenders (CD), four wide defenders (WD), four central midfielders (CM), four wide midfielders (WM), and four strikers (ST). Season data was divided in pre-, early-, mid-, and end-season. There were significant differences for TM through sprint distance between playing positions in mid- and full-season. In mid-season, sprint distance was meaningfully greater for CD than WD (p = 0.006; g = 1.74 [0.06, 3.95]), CM (p = 0.002; g = 2.04 [0.28, 4.46]), WM (p = 0.005; g = 1.78 [0.09, 4.02]), and ST (p = 0.002; g = 2.05 [0.28, 4.46]). Regarding full-season, TM of sprint distance was significantly greater for CD than WD (p = 0.031; g = 1.59 [-0.04, 3.73]), CM (p = 0.011; g = 1.83 [0.13, 4.11]), and ST (p = 0.023; g = 1.52 [-0.10, 3.59]). The study revealed that TM and TS of sprint distance in mid-season was meaningfully greater for CD than for WD, CM, WM, and ST. No differences between starters and non-starters were found.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Echtzeit-Schätzung der Vertikalsprunghöhe mit einer markerlosen Motion-Capture-App für Smartphones: Eine Proof-of-Concept-Fallstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097928</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097928</guid>
      <author>Balsalobre-Fernández, C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswissenschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motion Capturing</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Countermovement-Sprung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Vertikalsprung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Sprunghöhe</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>maschinelles Lernen</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Smartphone</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>App</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Balsalobre-Fernández, C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The aim of the present proof-of-concept case study was to explore the potential of a novel technology using artificial intelligence techniques to measure countermovement jump height (CMJ-h) in real time. Four hundred jumps were recorded from a single male participant over a period of 24 consecutive weeks, while CMJ-h was simultaneously registered with a force plate and a newly developed version of the My Jump Lab iOS app that used computer vision to measure CMJ-h in real time with the iPhone camera. A very high correlation (r = 0.971, 95% CI = 0.963-0.975) and large agreement (ICC = 0.969, 95% CI = 0.963-0.975) were observed between measurements. Statistically significant, large differences were observed between instruments (mean absolute difference = 0.06 ± 0.01 m, d = 4.4, p < 0.001). However, when using the regression equation between devices to correct the app`s raw data (R2 = 0.94, y = 1.0004x - 0.0641), non-significant, trivial differences were observed (mean absolute difference = 0.01 ± 0.008 m, d = 0.1, p = 1.000). Collectively, the findings of this study highlight the potential of this novel artificial intelligence app for the measurement of CMJ-h in real time. However, considering the nature of this investigation, more research is needed to confirm the results observed in a wider population.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vergleichende Analyse von Aufzeichnungssystemen zur Erfassung kinematischer Daten im Beachvolleyball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097929</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097929</guid>
      <author>Pino-Ortega, J.</author>
      <author>Reche-Soto, P.</author>
      <author>García-de-Alcaraz, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Beachvolleyball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Inertialmesssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tracking</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Pino-Ortega, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Reche-Soto, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>García-de-Alcaraz, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The monitoring and assessment of athletes` behavior by Electronic Performance and Tracking Systems (EPTS) is a growing reality. However, the reliability and precision of the recording systems remains unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the differences between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Local Position Systems (LPS) based on Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) in terms of kinematic measurements. Twelve beach volleyball matches were recorded in a tournament, leading to a total of 469 rallies performed. Kinematic variables such as distance (total, explosive, and speed area), accelerations, decelerations, and speed (mean and maximum) were measured with GNSS and UWB systems. Mean-difference tests (T-test or Mann-Whitney U test) were applied to calculate the dissimilarity between systems (p < 0.05), as well as the effect size at 95% confidence intervals. Statistically significant differences were found in distance, explosive distance, running at 0-6 and 6-12 km/h, and total number of accelerations and decelerations favoring the GNSS system, with large and very large differences in the last two variables. Contrarily, a statistically significant difference was observed in maximum accelerations favoring the UWB system, with a moderate difference. These findings reveal strong divergence between both systems in the measurement of key kinematic variables, so data should be analyzed taking into consideration the standardization derived from the system used.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Nutzen der markerlosen Bewegungserfassung für die Leistungsanalyse in Schlägersportarten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097930</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097930</guid>
      <author>Tan, J. Q. J.</author>
      <author>Chow, J. Y.</author>
      <author>Komar, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Computer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Klassifizierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Badminton</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Squash</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>künstliche Intelligenz</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Bewegungsanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Leistungsanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>markerless</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Padel</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Tan, J. Q. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chow, J. Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Komar, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Recent technological advancements have allowed movements to be tracked ecologically via markerless motion capture (mocap). However, occlusions remain a major concern pertaining to markerless mocap. Within racket sports where the number of players involved are low and occlusions are minimal, there exists a unique opportunity to delve into and provide an overview on the utilisation of markerless mocap technology. Twenty studies were included after a systematic search. Several methods were applied to obtain 2D positional data. Most studies adopted some form of background subtraction or thresholding method (n = 12), the remaining relied on pose estimation algorithms (PEA; n = 3), Hawk-Eye (n = 2) and object recognition (n = 1). Conversely, only the visual hull method was found to obtain 3D joint kinematics (n = 2). Markerless mocap are conventionally used to extract joint kinematics, however, study results revealed that the predominant use of markerless mocap was to capture the movement of a player`s location on court, this finding was unexpected. Low sampling frequencies of input videos and unsuitability of model detection used in the included studies could have limited the ability for markerless mocap to accurately track movements in racket sports. While current evidence suggests that the use of PEA in racket sports to extract 3D kinematics is limited, perhaps a slightly different approach gearing towards performance analysis, specifically stroke classification with the amalgamation of player location data and joint kinematics may be worth exploring further.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Interne und externe Belastungsprofile männlicher Basketballspieler während des Trainings</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097931</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097931</guid>
      <author>García-Rubio, J.</author>
      <author>López-Sierra, P.</author>
      <author>Reina, M.</author>
      <author>Ibañez, S. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>internal load</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>external load</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kleinfeld</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>García-Rubio, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>López-Sierra, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Reina, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ibañez, S. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Traditionally in basketball, five specific positions have been distinguished, often due to the anthropometric characteristics of the players. In recent years, different research has emerged that tries to break with this paradigm, giving rise to different classifications of players based on other characteristics that are more closely related to the actual game of basketball. The aim of this research was to determine the load profiles of players according to internal and external load values. An observational design was used, in which 12 professional players from the Spanish Men`s First Division Basketball (ACB league) team participated, obtaining data from all the training sessions carried out over two microcycles. All players were equipped with WIMUPRO™ inertial devices, using a UWB system for the players` positioning in indoor spaces. A principal component analysis with varimax rotation was performed to group the variables and determine the profiles. The results showed four different player profiles: versatile, explosive, dynamic, and fast players. Within these load profiles are included players from the five specific positions according to the traditional basketball classification, possessing distinct anthropometric characteristics among themselves. These results allow strength and conditioning coaches to train players physically in a more efficient way, using small-sided games in mid court, or games in full court more adequately, and achieving greater specificity and applicability in their exercises and tasks.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Leistungsanalyse der Mannschaften, die acht Spielzeiten in Folge in der höchsten Spielklasse der spanischen LaLiga verblieben sind</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097932</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097932</guid>
      <author>Errekagorri, I.</author>
      <author>López-Del Campo, R.</author>
      <author>Resta, R.</author>
      <author>Castellano, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spanien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mannschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tracking</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>System</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Zeit-Bewegungs-Analyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Errekagorri, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>López-Del Campo, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Resta, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Castellano, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The present study aimed to analyse the performance of 2212 collective observations of the eight teams that remained in the Spanish men`s top professional football division (Spanish LaLiga) for eight consecutive seasons (from 2011-2012 to 2018-2019), intending to understand the reference values of these teams. The variables recorded were passes, successful passes, crosses, shots, goals, corners, fouls, width, length, height, distance from the goalkeeper to the nearest defender (GkDef) and total distance covered (TD). A linear mixed model was performed for each dependent variable (p < 0.05). The main results were: (1) the eight teams, to a large extent, maintained a stable performance throughout the eight seasons analysed; (2) the length values decreased significantly from the fifth season (from 2015-2016 to 2018-2019); (3) the GkDef values decreased significantly from the fourth season (from 2014-2015 to 2018-2019); and 4) the TD values decreased significantly from the third season (from 2013-2014 to 2018-2019). The study concludes that within the framework of a performance stability, the teams over the seasons increased the density of players (e.g. less effective playing space), playing with the goalkeeper closer to the nearest defender of his team and covering less total distance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Die Entwicklung von GPS-Empfängern für Sport-Wearables: Ein Blick auf die Garmin Forerunner-Serie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097933</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097933</guid>
      <author>Szot, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Smart Watch</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Szot, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs) have revolutionised many areas of human life by providing location, navigation, tracking, mapping and timing capabilities. The use of this technology would not be possible without receivers designed for specific applications. One of these areas is sport. The article discusses the advancements made in wearable sport devices over the past two decades (2003-2023) and uses Garmin`s Forerunner receivers as an example. Nineteen of the most advanced models were analysed chronologically and reviewed in three sections: physical properties, internal and external sensors and other functional aspects. The lists are preceded by a description of the historical background of the technology, an explanation of the general principles of operation and the identification of ground-breaking mobile devices before the year 2003. The summary identifies the most likely changes that will affect the publicly available, wearable sports GNSS receivers in the near future.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Zuverlässigkeit und Validität des neuen tragbaren Geräts für den Nordic-Hamstring-Test (IVMES H-Bord)</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097934</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097934</guid>
      <author>Akarçesme, C.</author>
      <author>Cengizel, E.</author>
      <author>Alvurdu, S.</author>
      <author>Bagci, E.</author>
      <author>Altundag, E.</author>
      <author>Cengizel, Ç. Ö.</author>
      <author>Senel, Ö.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ischiokrurale Muskeln</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>isometrisch</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Reliabilität</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Validität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Akarçesme, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cengizel, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Alvurdu, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bagci, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Altundag, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cengizel, Ç. Ö.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Senel, Ö.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The aim of this study is to determine the reliability and validity of the IVMES H-Bord eccentric hamstring strength measurement device. Thirty-eight healthy male athletes (age: 20.9 ± 2.11 years, height: 1.79 ± 0.03 m, body weight: 76.6 kg, body mass index: 22.6 ± 0.69 kg/m2) participated in this study. Each test protocol was applied in eccentric mode and isometric mode respectively. Between-session test-retest reliability of the IVMES H-Bord was analyzed for the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with 95% coefficient intervals (CI). Validity of the IVMES H-Bord was examined for eccentric mode (NHTecc), and isometric mode (NHTiso) using Pearson`s correlation coefficient with 95% CI and limits of agreement. Bland-Altman plots were also created to provide a representation of the agreement between two test devices. Strong correlations, good ICC values and acceptable typical errors of the estimate were observed between the NHT and isokinetic strength testing (IST) during both limbs with no proportional bias for validity analysis. In conclusion, the "IVMES H-Bord" is a reliable and valid measurement device for eccentric hamstring muscle strength and it provides important advantages for medical staff, fitness coaches and practitioners because it is portable, low cost, and field-based assessment.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Hydrodynamisches Verhalten von modifizierten Windsurfboards bei hoher Geschwindigkeit auf ruhigem Wasser</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097935</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097935</guid>
      <author>Matveev, K. I.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Windsurfing</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hydrodynamik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Matveev, K. I.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Hydrodynamic performance of windsurfing boards is greatly affected by geometrical details of their bottom surfaces. In this study, computational fluid dynamics is applied to simulate flow around boards with several bottom modifications, including deadrise, rocker, step, wedge, and wing-tail profile. These simulations are conducted in steady-state, calm-water regimes at high planing speeds. It is found that at similar board trim angles and vertical positions, the largest lift is produced by setups with the bottom wedge and the wing-tail profile that enhance the downward deflection of the incident water flow. The highest lift-drag ratio is achieved by the variants with the bottom step and wedge that enable partial air ventilation of the bottom surface, which leads to reduced wetted surface and lower frictional resistance. The center of lift is located more forward on the rocker and stepped configurations, while it is positioned more rearward for the wedge and wing-tail setups. The obtained results can be used for guiding board designs aimed at maximizing the board hydrodynamic performance in calm water.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Meta-Analyse der Auswirkungen des VAR auf die Anzahl der erzielten Tore und den Heimvorteil im Fußball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097936</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097936</guid>
      <author>Rogerson, M.</author>
      <author>Knight, D.</author>
      <author>Scherer, R.</author>
      <author>Jones, B.</author>
      <author>McManus, C.</author>
      <author>Waterworth, S.</author>
      <author>Murray, K.</author>
      <author>Hope, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kampfrichter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Videoschiedsrichter</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Heimvorteil</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Rogerson, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Knight, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Scherer, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jones, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>McManus, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Waterworth, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Murray, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hope, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Video assistant referee (VAR) has been introduced to elite football (soccer) to avoid clear and obvious mistakes, especially for goal scoring situations. Some literature has reported on VAR`s impact on the game across particular league competitions. The current study meta-analysed data across two seasons (pre-VAR and post-VAR) from 20 competitions (n = 9076 matches; men`s domestic leagues and both men`s and women`s international tournaments) to examine the overall impact that VAR initially had on number of goals scored, and the extent of inter-competition heterogeneity. A secondary aim was to determine any VAR-associated reduction in home advantage for goals scored, mean result direction and match closeness. Findings demonstrated that there were no overall statistically significant nor meaningful differences between pre and post-VAR seasons/competitions for total number of goals scored per match. Similarly, there were no VAR-associated reductions in home advantage in terms of goals scored, mean result direction and closeness of match outcome. There was moderate heterogeneity for some comparisons, and VAR lessened inter-competition variance for number of goals scored and match score closeness. Implications of findings are discussed. As the largest VAR-focused study and the first to use meta-analytic approach, the current findings are the most comprehensive and definitive to date.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Vergleich des hydrodynamischen Profils von Wettkampftriathleten und Schwimmern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097937</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097937</guid>
      <author>Assiria-Costa, L.</author>
      <author>Machado, M. L.</author>
      <author>Santos, C. C.</author>
      <author>Costa, M. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Triathlon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hydrodynamik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinetik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Assiria-Costa, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Machado, M. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Santos, C. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Costa, M. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives: This study aimed to compare the hydrodynamic profile between triathletes and competitive swimmers and to establish associations with short- and middle-distance performance.

Methods: A total of 18 male athletes, including 10 swimmers and 8 triathletes, all registered in their respective federations, underwent assessments of passive drag, active drag and power, tethered swimming force, kinematics, and performance over a 200 m and 25 m front crawl. Group comparisons were performed using either Student`s t-test or the Mann-Whitney U test at a significance level of p = 0.05.

Results: The triathletes presented higher passive drag and lower levels of force and power to overcome drag. Correlation analysis showed that, among the triathletes, both times at 200 m and 25 m were associated with mean passive drag (r = 0.68 to 0.86) and power (r = -0.58 to -0.80), whereas in swimmers, the mean in-water force was the single variable associated with time at 25 m (r = -0.51).

Conclusions: There is a clear hydrodynamic superiority of swimmers compared to triathletes, reflecting their higher mean swimming velocity due to a greater ability to apply force. This suggests that specific technical interventions for triathletes, focusing on drag reduction and improvements in propulsive power, are needed to close this gap with swimmers.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Definition von Elite-Zonen: Eine Übersichtsstudie zu Körperbau und Körperfett bei Spitzensportlern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097938</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097938</guid>
      <author>Martinez-Mireles, X.</author>
      <author>Ramirez, E.</author>
      <author>Lagunes-Carrasco, J. O.</author>
      <author>López-Garcia, R.</author>
      <author>Garcia, S.</author>
      <author>Bouzas, C.</author>
      <author>Salas-Garcia, R.</author>
      <author>Tur, J. A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Anthropometrie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körpermaß</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Körperfett</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>fettfreie Körpermasse</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Martinez-Mireles, X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ramirez, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lagunes-Carrasco, J. O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>López-Garcia, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Garcia, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bouzas, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Salas-Garcia, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tur, J. A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: Body physique refers to body size, structure, and composition. PS is used to describe the profile of athletes in different sports. Aims: To determine body physique and body fat percentage in elite athletes using the Hattori chart and to identify the elite zone.

Methods: Scoping review. The search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Ovid Books, CAB eBooks, Clarivate InCites, MyiLibrary, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis Online, Core Collection, and Scopus. The search strategy was "body physique" OR "anthropometric" OR "body composition" AND "elite athlete" OR "athlete" OR "elite".

Results: Using indirect methods, elite athletes showed intermediate solid body physique (male) and lean intermediate body physique (female), and 13.6% ± 3.6% (male) and 22.3% ± 2.8 (female) body fat. Using doubly indirect methods, elite athletes showed lean intermediate body physique (male), and intermediate body physique (female), and a percentage of body fat of 13.7% ± 5.2% (male) and of 21.7% ± 4.3% (female) of body fat.

Conclusions: Hattori`s chart facilitates the visualization of changes in body mass index, fat-free mass index, fat mass index, and percentage of body fat, helping personalize training, monitor composition changes, and guide nutrition programs to optimize performance and health.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen Atemfunktionen und sportlicher Leistungsfähigkeit bei Fechtern: Eine prospektive Kohortenstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:45:19 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097944</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097944</guid>
      <author>Kurt, A. G.</author>
      <author>Acar, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fechten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Atmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spirometrie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Parameter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kurt, A. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Acar, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Although fencers compete throughout the day while wearing protective masks and clothing that may restrict airflow and chest expansion, the effect of respiratory functions on fencing performance has not been fully clarified in the literature. This study aimed to investigate the associations between respiratory parameters and various components of sports performance in fencers.

Methods
Twenty-six professional fencers (mean age: 20.35 ± 5.12 years), each with a minimum of one year of fencing experience, participated in this study. Respiratory functions were assessed using spirometry, while respiratory muscle strength was measured via intraoral pressure assessment. Aerobic performance was evaluated with the 20-meter shuttle run test, anaerobic performance via the vertical jump test, agility and change-of-direction performance with a fencing-specific 4-2-2-4 test, and visual reaction time with the Nelson Hand Reaction Test. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to determine the relationships between respiratory variables and performance outcomes.

Results
Moderate positive correlations were observed between FEV1, FEF25-75%, MIP index, MIP peak inspiratory flow, and the number of shuttles, total distance, and VO2 max achieved during the 20-meter shuttle test (P < 0.05). Significant negative correlations were found between MIP (all parameters), FEV1, FVC, vital capacity, MVV, and agility test time, while positive correlations were observed between these respiratory parameters and anaerobic power and vertical jump height (P < 0.05). No statistically significant relationship was found between respiratory parameters and visual reaction time (P > 0.05).

Conclusion
This study demonstrated that respiratory function and inspiratory muscle strength are positively associated with agility, aerobic, and anaerobic performance in fencers, while no association was found with visual reaction time. It is recommended that fencing-specific training programs incorporate respiratory exercises and inspiratory muscle training to enhance overall athletic performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
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