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    <item>
      <title>Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zur Bewertung der taktischen Fähigkeiten von Tennisspielern (TST)</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097190</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097190</guid>
      <author>Sanchez Mencia, E.</author>
      <author>Campos-Rius, J.</author>
      <author>Borrajo Mena, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entscheidungsverhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gütekriterien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielhandlung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Befragung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Validität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Sanchez Mencia, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Campos-Rius, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Borrajo Mena, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a self-assessment questionnaire for tactical skills in tennis. This is the first questionnaire to assess tactical skills in this discipline to our knowledge. The study sample consisted of 253 tennis players at the expert, intermediate, and beginner levels. The age of the tennis players ranged from 18 to 70 years. The results of the content analysis of the questionnaire revealed a three-factor structure, consisting of tactics used in training, tactics used in the match, and decision making in the match, with adequate psychometric properties. Analyses of variance were carried out to compare the results for these three tactical factors with the level of play (expert, intermediate, and beginner) and player profile (complete, serve-volley, offensive, and counter-attacking player). These results showed that expert players scored higher on all three factors. Furthermore, players with a complete profile had statistically higher scores across all three factors compared to serve-volley players. The results and their implications are then discussed.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mehrere geschlechtsspezifische Stereotype bei motorischer Leistung und beim Lernen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097191</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097191</guid>
      <author>Heidrich, C. V.</author>
      <author>Cardozo, P.</author>
      <author>Chiviacowsky, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>motorisches Lernen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lernen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fertigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschlecht</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Emotion</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angst</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Heidrich, C. V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cardozo, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chiviacowsky, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: Stereotype threat occurs when individuals from stereotyped groups fear confirming a negative stereotype, which undermines performance and learning. This study compared the effects of multiple gender stereotype threats (ST) on motor performance and learning of a soccer dribbling task. 

Method: One hundred women, with low domain identification (mean age = 27.1 years, SD = 7.0), twenty per group, were randomly assigned to four ST groups, considering the target (self or group) and the source (ingroup or outgroup) of the stereotype: ST/self-outgroup, ST/self-ingroup, ST/group-outgroup, ST/group-ingroup, and a nullified-stereotype threat group (NST). After the pretest (1 trial) and before practice (15 trials), the NST group was informed that no gender differences existed in the task, while the ST groups were told that men perform better in dribbling. Participants in the self or group as targets conditions were respectively informed that their individual performance or the performance of women as a group would be evaluated. The outgroup as source groups were assessed by male players, and the ingroup as source groups by female players. Retention and transfer (adding a cone) tests (5 trials each) were conducted next day. Perceived self-efficacy and stereotype endorsement were also examined. 

Results: The NST group outperformed the ST groups at all phases of the experiment, with no differences between the ST conditions. Also, the participants endorsed the negative stereotype, and self-efficacy was lower in the self/in and group/out groups. 

Conclusion: The multiple gender stereotype threats equally impair motor performance and learning among women with low domain identification.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Clusteranalysen zu Lebensstilprofilen jugendlicher Fußballspieler: Untersuchung des Zusammenhangs zwischen dem Lebensstil außerhalb des Trainings und der Trainingsleistung</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097192</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097192</guid>
      <author>Mateus, N.</author>
      <author>Coutinho, D.</author>
      <author>Santos, S.</author>
      <author>Gonçalves, B.</author>
      <author>Abrantes, C.</author>
      <author>Sampaio, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lebensweise</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aktivität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>körperliche Aktivität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Mateus, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Coutinho, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Santos, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gonçalves, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Abrantes, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sampaio, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study clustered young male football players based on off-training physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) to examine their impact on physical and technical-tactical performance in small-sided-games (SSG). In Stage 1, thirty-four adolescent male football players (mean age 14.2   ±   0.8 years) were monitored for one week using tri-axial accelerometers to quantify PA and SB levels. Participants were classified into two groups: Active (higher moderate-to-vigorous PA and lower SB) and Sedentary (higher SB and lower PA). In Stage 2, sixteen players, divided into four teams, participated in SSG. Two teams comprised players from the Active group (ACT) and two from the Sedentary group (SED). They competed under three conditions: IACTvsACT; IIACTvsSED; and IIISEDvsSED. Cumming estimation plots illustrated that ACT players in IACTvsACT covered greater total distance (d = -1.43), distances in jogging (d = -0.69), running (d = -1.33), and sprinting (d = -1.26), with higher player load (d = -1.28) and decelerations (d = -0.58), but lower walking distances (d = 0.79), successful shots (d = 0.87), passes (d = 1.17), and dribbles (d = 0.89) compared to other conditions.. SED players in IIISEDvsSED showed higher running distances (d = 0.76) and more decelerations (d = 0.7) but fewer passes. Bayesian ANOVA confirmed longer distances and more sprints in IACTvsACT versus IIISEDvsSED, with Bayes factors of 6.50 and 9.48, respectively. Clustering young players based on off-training PA and SB profiles affects SSG performance, with teams having lower PA and higher SB showing compromised physical and technical-tactical outcomes. Coaches can use this information to tailor training, enhance learning environments, and optimize player development.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ausdauersportler sind widerstandsfähiger gegen geistige Ermüdung als Nicht-Sportler</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097193</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097193</guid>
      <author>Daneshgar-Pironneau, S.</author>
      <author>Audiffren, M.</author>
      <author>Lorcery, A.</author>
      <author>Benraïss, A.</author>
      <author>Mirabelli, F.</author>
      <author>Gargioli, D.</author>
      <author>André, N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauerdisziplinen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Konzentration</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Daneshgar-Pironneau, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Audiffren, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lorcery, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Benraïss, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mirabelli, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gargioli, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>André, N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Acute mental fatigue refers to a temporary decline in cognitive function resulting from prolonged mental effort pertaining to a cognitively demanding task. Previous studies have indicated that acute mental fatigue decreases performance on subsequent physical effortful tasks as well as the capacity and/or motivation to invest mental effort. Scholars have recently suggested that aerobic training can enhance willpower. We hypothesized that endurance athletes are less responsive to the detrimental effects of acute mental fatigue than are nonathletes. Two groups of participants (50 athletes vs. 50 nonathletes) completed a sequential task protocol involving 30 minutes of a modified computerized incongruent Stroop task (effortful task) and 30 minutes of watching a documentary (control task), which were counterbalanced between two separate sessions; these tasks were followed by a time-to-exhaustion (TTE) handgrip task at 13% of participants` maximal voluntary contraction (dependent task). Psychophysiological indices (preejection period, heart rate variability, and respiratory rate) were assessed continuously throughout the experiment. The behavioral results indicated that only nonathletes exhibited worse performance on the TTE handgrip task after performing the Stroop task. The performance of participants in both groups was similarly impacted by mental fatigue during the Stroop task, and all the participants reported higher levels of subjective fatigue after completing the Stroop task. The psychophysiological data suggest that sympathetic activity decreased over time during these two cognitive tasks due to habituation (i.e. decreased arousal). Overall, these results suggest that endurance athletes are less susceptible to the negative effects of acute mental fatigue.

HIGHLIGHTS

- Endurance athletes are less susceptible to mental fatigue than nonathletes

- Preejection period differentiates cognitive tasks according to their cognitive load

- Performance of endurance athletes and nonathletes in a long Stroop task did not differ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss von Lateralität und Prothese auf die Leistungsfähigkeit von Para-Surfern: Eine Querschnittsstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097194</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097194</guid>
      <author>Johnson, M. E.</author>
      <author>Furley, P.</author>
      <author>Ishizawa, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Surfen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Parasport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lateralität</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Prothese</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Johnson, M. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Furley, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ishizawa, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate performance differences in competitive adaptive/para surfers with upper and/or lower limb amputations, congenital limb impairments, or dysmelia who surf in the standing position. 

Methods: This cross-sectional study explored the impact of wave direction; laterality, or surf stance, such as goofy (right foot forward) versus regular (left foot forward); and use of prosthesis on performance using judged wave scores among competitive surfers from 2019 to 2022. Archived records of classified surfers with eligible impairment of limb deficiency were reviewed. Data was divided into surfing profile and surfing performance. 

Results: Participants (n = 86; male = 64; female = 22) from 22 nations met inclusion criteria. No significant difference was found in wave direction, laterality, or prosthesis use; however, more frontside waves were ridden. Significant differences were found between male (single-wave score 4.62/10; total wave score 9.25/20) versus female surfers (single-wave score 3.44/10; total-wave score 6.82/20) for average single wave score (t(49,490) = 2.989, p = .004, two-tailed; d = .647) or average total wave score (t(48.768) = 2.585, p = .003, two-tailed; d = 0.670). 

Conclusion: Although limited to sample size, adaptive/para surfing performance may be more influenced by training and skill acquisition than laterality or use of prosthesis.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die ischämische Präkonditionierung senkt den konzentrischen Ermüdungsindex, verbessert die Sauerstoffsättigung nach dem Training bei niedrigen Geschwindigkeiten und steigert die Leistungsabgabe bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097195</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097195</guid>
      <author>dos Santos, W.</author>
      <author>Santos, I. A.</author>
      <author>Mota, G. R.</author>
      <author>Puggina, E. F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Blut</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>O2-Aufnahme</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Durchblutung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Optimierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>ischämische Präkonditionierung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>dos Santos, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Santos, I. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mota, G. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Puggina, E. F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: Pursuing athletic performance optimization has driven interest in ischemic preconditioning (IPC) techniques. IPC, involving limb occlusion and reperfusion cycles, has shown promise due to its noninvasive nature and ease of application. This study aimed to analyze whether IPC can positively affect isokinetic elbow flexion testing at different speeds assessed by electromyographic (EMG) and variables such as nitric oxide (NO), heart rate (HR), and oximetry. 

Methods: Thirteen trained men (23.8 ± 2.7 years, 88.6 ± 14.5 kg, 178 ± 0.9 cm, 27.7 ± 3.1 kg/m2 body mass index) underwent isokinetic elbow flexion testing at 60°/s and 180°/s under IPC (3 cycles of 5 min at 220 mmHg - 5 min of reperfusion at 0 mmHg) and control conditions. 

Results: IPC significantly increased total work at 180°/s (4589.6 ± 1828.0 J vs. 3587.8 ± 1277.0 J, p = .01; ES = 0.59) and reduced the concentric fatigue index at both 60°/s and 180°/s (according to the smallest worthwhile change (SWC)). At 60°/s, post-exercise oxygen saturation improved significantly (p < .01). No differences were observed in torque, mean power, EMG, or nitric oxide levels (p > .01). 

Conclusion: IPC enhanced total work at 180°/s and reduces concentric fatigue index at both speeds. No differences were found in EMG activity, may suggest that IPC effects may relate more to peripheral than neuromuscular mechanisms. These findings suggest IPC is a viable strategy to optimize strength and recovery, particularly in speed-dependent movements.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Verletzungen bei Fußballspielerinnen: Verletzungsrisiko in den verschiedenen Phasen des Menstruationszyklus</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097196</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097196</guid>
      <author>Santos, W. R.</author>
      <author>Camarotti Júnior, F.</author>
      <author>Barbosa, D.</author>
      <author>Ginnari, K. V.</author>
      <author>Gomes Dos Santos, A. K. S.</author>
      <author>Timoteo, B. O.</author>
      <author>Costa, M. C.</author>
      <author>Fernandes da Costa, M. S.</author>
      <author>Paes, P. P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Menstruation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Risikofaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hormon</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Santos, W. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Camarotti Júnior, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Barbosa, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ginnari, K. V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gomes Dos Santos, A. K. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Timoteo, B. O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Costa, M. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fernandes da Costa, M. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Paes, P. P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The Menstrual Cycle (MC) involves hormonal changes that impact physical performance and increase the risk of injuries in female athletes. This study aimed to evaluate the injury risk in female soccer players during different phases of the MC, along with their characteristics, aiming at prevention and training strategies. It is a cross-sectional, exploratory, and retrospective study with Brazilian professional female soccer players. The sample consisted of 53 athletes (mean age 21.7 ± 4.9 years), 20 (37.7%) of whom had injuries in the last season. All participants had a regular MC and were registered in the professional roster. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews, covering personal and sports information, injury history in the last 12 months, and gynecological conditions. Injuries were correlated with the phases of the MC. The statistical analysis used the Pearson x2 test to compare the occurrence of injuries between the MC phases, with significance set at p < .05. A significant association was found between injuries and the phases of the MC, with the early follicular phase showing the highest proportion of injury rates (35.0%; p < .001; OR = 37.20), especially among midfielders (42.8%). Of these, 66.7% sustained contact injuries, all during training, with joint origins localized in the knee. Thus, we suggest that the early follicular phase may represent a period of increased vulnerability to injury risk. However, prospective and longitudinal studies across various leagues are needed to clarify the influence of the MC on these athletes` injuries.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Analyse von Intensitätsprofilen und Schlüsselindikatoren im Standard-Mikrozyklus von professionellen männlichen Fußballspielern mittels maschinellem Lernen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097197</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097197</guid>
      <author>Pillitteri, G.</author>
      <author>Musa, R. M.</author>
      <author>Clemente, F. M.</author>
      <author>Bongiovanni, T.</author>
      <author>Petrucci, M.</author>
      <author>Bianco, A.</author>
      <author>Beato, M.</author>
      <author>Battaglia, G.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mathematisch-logisches Modell</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsgestaltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingssteuerung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Datenbank</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>maschinelles Lernen</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>GNSS</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Pillitteri, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Musa, R. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Clemente, F. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bongiovanni, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Petrucci, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bianco, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Beato, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Battaglia, G.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined intensity profiles and key load indicators across different Match Days (MD) and playing positions within a standard microcycle in professional soccer. Longitudinal observational study with a machine learning-based analytical approach. Twenty-nine Italian Serie B players (25.9 ± 4.2 years) were monitored across 91 training sessions and 38 official matches during the 2023-2024 season. A total of 2,204 observations were recorded, categorizing players into six positional groups. A Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LightGBM) model was used to predict MD types (MD + 1, MD + 2, MD + 3, MD-3, MD-2, MD-1, and MD) based on external (Global Navigation Satellite Systems, GNSS data) and internal (Rating of Perceived Exertion, RPE) load indicators. The model achieved 84% accuracy with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.97, effectively classifying MD types. K-means clustering categorized intensity profiles into low, medium, and high levels, while feature importance analysis identified key variables. Significant interactions were found between playing position and MD types for total distance/min (F(25, 2168) = 2.764, p < .001), decelerations/min (F(25, 2168) = 1.58, p = .033), and distance per minute at 0-7 km/h (F(25, 2168) = 2.41, p < .001). No significant differences emerged for distance per minute > 14.4 km/h (F(25, 2168) = 0.952, p = .531), distance per minute > 19.8 km/h (F(25, 2168) = 0.843, p = .688), or accelerations/min (F(25, 2168) = 1.28, p = .162). Positional differences in training intensity across MD types, provide coaches with data-driven insights for optimizing training loads and recovery strategies.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Eine Querschnittsstudie zur Entwicklung der seitlichen Präferenz im Eishockey</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097198</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097198</guid>
      <author>Dubeau, C.-A.</author>
      <author>Thibault, N.</author>
      <author>Grondin, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eishockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kinder- und Jugendsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lateralität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lernen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entscheidungsverhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>motorisches Lernen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fertigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Dubeau, C.-A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Thibault, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Grondin, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In ice hockey, players choose between one of only two ways to hold a stick, which reflects what is referred to as one`s lateral preference in ice hockey. What determines this preference remains unknown. While handedness appears to be an important determinant of ice hockey`s lateral preference, proportions demonstrate it cannot be the only influencing factor. The aim of the study was (1) to identify when ice hockey`s lateral preference is determined in one`s development and (2) empirically identify some of its determinant. The sample consisted of 106 children aged three to six, who were asked to perform a stick-handling task. The goal was to test whether their instinctive lateral preference aligned with their optimal lateral preference (i.e. the one in which they performed best), and whether this alignment was more frequent in older children. Neither chi-square nor segmented regression analyses revealed such alignment. Still, the present results suggest that ice hockey`s lateral preference is likely determined around 5 years old. Also, parents were asked to answer a home-made questionnaire, which aimed to identify the potential determinant of their children`s lateral preference in ice hockey. Parents identified "children`s own choice" and parental observation as the main determinants. These two factors thus join handedness (which received further support in the present study) as potential determinants of ice hockey`s lateral preference.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>"Live high-train low"-Training: Auswirkungen auf die Hämoglobinmasse und die Erythropoietin-Erythroferron-Hepcidin-Achse bei Ausdauersportlerinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097199</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097199</guid>
      <author>Kuorelahti, T.</author>
      <author>Ihalainen, J. K.</author>
      <author>Linnamo, V.</author>
      <author>Badenhorst, C.</author>
      <author>Kettunen, O.</author>
      <author>Mikkonen, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Höhentraining</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Live High - Train Low</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Blut</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauerdisziplinen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hypoxie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kuorelahti, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ihalainen, J. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Linnamo, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Badenhorst, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kettunen, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mikkonen, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The effects of a 21-day live high-train low (LHTL) on hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) and iron demand including the erythropoietin (EPO)-erythroferrone (ERFE)-hepcidin axis and routine iron markers were investigated. Fifteen female endurance athletes completed either 21-day LHTL in normobaric hypoxia (2500 m, ~18 h·day-1) (INT, n = 8) or lived and trained in normoxia (CON, n = 7). Hbmass and resting blood were collected before and after the intervention. An additional blood sample was collected on Day 6 for INT. 21-day LHTL increased Hbmass 3.8% in INT (p < 0.001). EPO increased 35.6% from Day 0 to Day 6 in INT (p = 0.037) and then decreased 42.4% from Day 6 to Day 21 (p = 0.019). In INT, no changes were detected in ERFE or hepcidin, and from the routine iron markers only serum transferrin receptor increased from Day 0 to Day 21 (13.9%, p = 0.013). In CON, no changes were detected in Hbmass or iron markers. In INT, Hbmass and ferritin were positively associated (Day 0 to Day 6, p = 0.005). Thus, hepcidin and ERFE may not provide additional information regarding iron demand following 6- or 21-day LHTL compared to routine iron markers. The relationship between Hbmass and ferritin indicates that adequate ferritin levels are needed during hypoxia to support hematological adaptations.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Das Repertoire an Kletterbewegungen im olympischen Bouldern: Eine Untersuchung seiner Rolle bei der Entscheidungsfindung, der Leistungsentfaltung und dem Umgang mit Zeitdruck</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097150</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097150</guid>
      <author>Medernach, J. P.</author>
      <author>Henz, J.</author>
      <author>Memmert, D.</author>
      <author>Sanchez, X.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportklettern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bouldern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stress</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entscheidungsverhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Zeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gedächtnis</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Strategie</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Medernach, J. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Henz, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Memmert, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sanchez, X.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In Olympic bouldering, climbers must solve a series of boulders, which are short routes set on low-height climbing walls. Time constraints imposed by competition regulations limit the time available for strategic decisions and climbing attempts. An extensive climbing movement repertoire helps climbers to identify meaningful movement patterns and anticipate climbing solutions. Expert routesetters - those climbers responsible for setting boulders - have been described to possess an extensive climbing movement repertoire. This study explored the role of the movement repertoire as an underlying cognitive system in decision-making, climbing performance, and time constraint management in Olympic bouldering. A total of 48 elite climbers - including 24 climbers with professional routesetting expertise (RS) and 24 climbers without any routesetting expertise (NR) - were tasked with climbing two boulders under varying time constraints (B1: four minutes; B2: two minutes). Data collected included non-stored climbing movements, strategic decision-making, and performance-related variables. In both boulders, the RS group had fewer non-stored climbing movements, showed enhanced decision-making skills (shorter previewing times, more effective climbing solutions, fewer strategic adjustments), and achieved better climbing performances (higher top rates, fewer attempts, higher holds in best attempts). Furthermore, in B2, the RS group was less perturbed by increased time constraints, showing a smaller decline in non-stored climbing movements, strategic decision-making, and climbing performance compared to the NR group. Routesetting expertise appears to be a relevant performance parameter in climbing. Climbers with such expertise benefit from their extensive movement repertoire to make efficient decisions, optimize performance, and effectively manage time constraints.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kognitive Neurowissenschaften im alpinen Skisport: Einführung der computergestützten Sportmedizin zur Leistungsoptimierung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097165</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097165</guid>
      <author>Boraxbekk, C.-J.</author>
      <author>Supej, M.</author>
      <author>Holmberg, H.-C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>alpiner Skisport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Computer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Optimierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Neurowissenschaften</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Boraxbekk, C.-J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Supej, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Holmberg, H.-C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[While sport psychology has long emphasized mental and cognitive aspects of performance, sports medicine has traditionally focused on musculoskeletal and physiological aspects, largely overlooking the brain's central role in athletic performance. This narrative review aims to bridge this gap by introducing Computational Sports Medicine, a novel framework that integrates cognitive neuroscience with established physiological and biomechanical measures. Using alpine skiing as a primary example, this review examines the critical role of working memory updating in dynamic environments, discusses how neural processes enable adaptation, and proposes Computational Sports Medicine as a unifying predictive framework. This approach moves beyond descriptive analysis to provide objective, quantifiable metrics, testable models, and the ability to simulate "what-if" scenarios for proactive intervention. Practical implications for training include developing sport-specific cognitive tasks, individualizing variability in motor and cognitive learning, and leveraging technologies like virtual reality and wearable sensors. The review primarily targets elite and sub-elite athletes, for whom cognitive and environmental demands are most pronounced. This brain-inclusive framework offers a personalized approach to performance optimization, injury prevention, and safe return-to-play decisions, positioning the brain as the central organ to the future of sports medicine.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Eine hohe Rate akuter Verletzungen im Para-alpinen Skisport - Eine kombinierte prospektive Studie zu Verletzungen bei den Paralympischen Winterspielen in Sotschi 2014, PyeongChang 2018 und Peking 2022</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097166</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097166</guid>
      <author>Runciman, P.</author>
      <author>Boer, P.</author>
      <author>Derman, W.</author>
      <author>Dahlin, K.</author>
      <author>Johansson, M.</author>
      <author>Lexell, J.</author>
      <author>Fagher, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Parasport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Paralympics</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>2014</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>2018</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>2022</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>alpiner Skisport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Paraski alpin</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Runciman, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Boer, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Derman, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dahlin, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Johansson, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lexell, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fagher, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Para Alpine skiing is one of the largest sports at the Paralympic Winter Games. Recent studies report high injury rates in this sport. However, limited evidence exists regarding sport-specific injury characteristics, which is essential for targeted prevention. The aim of this study was to describe the overall incidence proportion and incidence of injuries reported by athletes participating in Alpine skiing at the Sochi 2014, PyeongChang 2018, and Beijing 2022 Paralympic Winter Games, and to describe injuries by sex, age, impairment, competition period, onset (chronicity), anatomical area, and estimated injury burden. Prospective epidemiological data regarding injuries at the three Paralympic Games (including 486 athletes and 6002 athlete days) were reported by medical staff through the validated web-based injury and illness surveillance system (WEB-IISS) and Paralympic polyclinics. Data were coded and analyzed according to the IOC Para consensus statement using descriptive and analytical statistics (incidence, incidence proportion with 95% CIs, and generalized linear Poisson's regression modeling). The overall injury incidence was 29.4 (95% CI 24.9-34.6) injuries per 1000 athlete days, with an incidence proportion of 28.4%. Injury incidence was significantly higher in the pre-competition period (54.4; 95% CI 42.5-69.7) compared with the competition period (21.2; 95% CI 17.2-26.1). Acute injuries predominated, with 24% of athletes sustaining at least one acute injury during the Games. The head/face/neck (24%) and knee (20%) were most affected. Common mechanisms included collisions and loss of control. Ten percent of injuries resulted in > 28 days of expected time loss, and the overall injury burden was 70.6 days lost per 1000 days. No difference in injury incidence was found with regards to sex and age. Athletes with limb deficiency reported the highest injury proportions, followed by those with spinal cord injury. Across three Paralympic Games, nearly one-third of Para Alpine skiers sustained an injury. These findings highlight a need for enhanced prevention strategies, particularly those targeting the high-risk pre-competition period and focusing on mechanisms to protect the head/face/neck and knee.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Training mit Blutflussrestriktion bei niedriger Belastung erhöht den brachialen Blutfluss während der Belastung, jedoch nicht die reaktive Hyperämie bei erfahrenen Kletterern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097167</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097167</guid>
      <author>Perrin, T. P.</author>
      <author>Randy, H.</author>
      <author>Santal, P.</author>
      <author>Hugues, X.</author>
      <author>Tourette, N.</author>
      <author>Coudurier, M.</author>
      <author>Guinot, M.</author>
      <author>Cahouet, V.</author>
      <author>Quaine, F.</author>
      <author>Doutreleau, S.</author>
      <author>Vergès, S.</author>
      <author>Vigouroux, L.</author>
      <author>Kerherve, H.</author>
      <author>Marillier, M.</author>
      <author>Brugniaux, J. V.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportklettern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Blut</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Durchblutung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mangel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>blood flow restriction training</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Blutfluss</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Perrin, T. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Randy, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Santal, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hugues, X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tourette, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Coudurier, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Guinot, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cahouet, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Quaine, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Doutreleau, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vergès, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vigouroux, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kerherve, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Marillier, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Brugniaux, J. V.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Low-load blood flow restriction training (LLBFRT) induces significant vascular stress, which is often associated with vascular remodeling, increased capillarization and muscle blood flow. These adaptations may be of interest to climbers as their endurance performance is limited by blood supply due to the isometric and intermittent nature of finger flexors (FD) contraction. This study, thus, aimed to assess vascular adaptations to a 5-week FD protocol using LLBFRT (n = 12, cuff pressure = 60% of the limb occlusion pressure) and compare these responses to those elicited by high-load resistance training (HLRT, n = 12) and no specific training (CON, n = 12) in male climbers. Participants in LLBFRT and HLRT trained twice a week, respectively at ~40% and ~75% of maximal voluntary contraction (MVC). Before and after the intervention, flow-mediated dilation (FMD), peak reactive hyperemia blood flow, brachial blood flow and muscle oxygenation (near-infrared spectroscopy) at rest and during contractions from 10% to 60% MVC were assessed using brachial doppler-ultrasound. Brachial blood flow across contraction intensities was significantly improved in LLBFRT (+19% ± 31%; p = 0.011, d = 0.5) but not in CON and HLRT. Oxy- and total hemoglobin concentrations decreased less during contraction following LLBFRT while did not change following CON and HLRT. Reactive hyperemia and FMD were not altered by any training modality. In conclusion, despite no difference with HLRT, LLBFRT was the only protocol which increased significantly blood flow of the feeding artery and O2 availability during finger flexor low-intensity contractions. However, these adaptations were not accompanied by modifications of macrovascular structure or endothelial function.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>CYP1A2-Genotyp und die ergogene Wirkung einer akuten Koffeinaufnahme auf Muskelkraft und Ausdauerleistung bei trainierten Personen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097168</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097168</guid>
      <author>Montalvo-Alonso, J. J.</author>
      <author>del Val-Manzano, M.</author>
      <author>Martín-Rivas, I.</author>
      <author>Ferragut, C.</author>
      <author>Valadés, D.</author>
      <author>Pérez-López, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ergogenes Mittel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Supplementierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Genetik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Koffein</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Nahrungsergänzungsmittel</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Genotyp</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Montalvo-Alonso, J. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>del Val-Manzano, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Martín-Rivas, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ferragut, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Valadés, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pérez-López, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined whether CYP1A2 (rs762551) genotype modulates the acute ergogenic effects of caffeine on muscular strength and endurance performance in resistance-trained men and women. Ninety-four resistance-trained participants (47 females, 47 males; 39 AA, 44 AC, 11 CC) completed a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. Participants ingested 3 mg/kg of caffeine or placebo before performing standardized bench press and back squat tests. Mean velocity was measured to assess strength performance against different loads (25%-90%) and muscular endurance during a single set performed to failure at 65% 1RM. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA with supplement, genotype, and sex as factors. Caffeine significantly improved strength and endurance performance across conditions (p < 0.01, Eta2p = 0.077-0.294). Mean velocity increased by 4%-12% in AA and 3%-9% in AC individuals, particularly at 50%-90% 1RM, whereas CC carriers showed minor changes (<= 4%). Supplement by genotype interaction was noted only at 90% 1RM in mean velocity (p < 0.05, Eta2p = 0.094). In the muscular endurance test, mean velocity improved by 4%-6% in AA, 3%-4% in AC, and 2%-6% in CC. No sex differences or ergolytic effects were observed. Acute ingestion of 3 mg/kg caffeine enhances strength and endurance performance in resistance-trained men and women. Although CYP1A2 genotype did not alter the overall effect, benefits were greatest in AA, intermediate in AC, and minimal in CC carriers. These findings support low-dose caffeine as an effective and safe ergogenic aid in resistance training regardless of sex, with individual variability partly explained by genotype.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Technologie auf Schnee und Eis: Innovation, Überwachung und Leistung für die Olympischen Winterspiele Mailand Cortina 2026</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097169</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097169</guid>
      <author>Almqvist, A.</author>
      <author>Supej, M.</author>
      <author>Düking, P.</author>
      <author>Stöggl, T.</author>
      <author>Holmberg, H.-C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Winterspiele 2026</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausrüstung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Schnee</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Eis</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Innovation</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Almqvist, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Supej, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Düking, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Stöggl, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Holmberg, H.-C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Elite performance in Olympic winter sports depends on the interplay among the athlete, equipment, and the snow or ice. This naturally evolves with temperature, humidity, wind, preparation, and contact between the equipment and its surface. Together, these factors continuously rebalance the forces of gravity, aerodynamic drag, and friction, requiring athletes, coaches, and organizers to adapt technique, equipment, and surface management, e.g., snow grooming and salting, ice resurfacing or pebbling, and rink climate control. This narrative review (SANRA-guided) synthesizes the scientific literature across four domains: (i) the evolution of equipment and athlete-surface interaction; (ii) the physics of resistive forces and targeted countermeasures; (iii) sensing and monitoring with robust, field-validated technologies and analytics; and (iv) the digitalization of coaching, officiating, and broadcasting. We integrate design and validation with sport regulations and governance. This includes the ban on fluorinated waxes, geometry and mass limits, and principles for data stewardship, model transparency, and fairness. A central component of this review is the assessment of quality aspects of technologies, including the assessment of ecological validity under field-specific conditions before their use in high-stakes coaching, medical, or officiating decisions. We conclude with actionable recommendations for Milano-Cortina 2026: (i) align equipment and surface preparation with expected regimes of drag and friction; (ii) deploy sensors and analytics with demonstrated accuracy, precision, and reliability; (iii) quantify uncertainty in key performance indicators; and (iv) treat federation rules as a priori design constraints. This approach enables innovation to deliver faster, safer, and more equitable outcomes in winter sport at Milano-Cortina 2026 and beyond.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Neurokognitive und autonome Kennzeichen der Leistung unter motivationalem Stress: Eine integrierte psychophysiologische Analyse von Belohnung und Bestrafung in der Schießleistung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097170</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097170</guid>
      <author>Cheng, M.-Y.</author>
      <author>Wang, K.-P.</author>
      <author>Hung, T.-M.</author>
      <author>Lu, C.</author>
      <author>Oh, H.</author>
      <author>Tan, Y. Y.</author>
      <author>Hatfield, B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schießen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Psychophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stress</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motivation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Neurokognition</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Zielen</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Cheng, M.-Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wang, K.-P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hung, T.-M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lu, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Oh, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tan, Y. Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hatfield, B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Motivational framing - such as reward and punishment - critically shapes performance under pressure, yet the underlying neurocognitive and autonomic mechanisms remain unclear. Guided by the cognitive-affective-motor (CAM) model and psychomotor efficiency theory (PET), this study examined how motivational context modulates brain-body dynamics during high-pressure precision performance. Using a within-subject design, elite marksmen performed a simulated shooting task under reward, punishment, and neutral conditions. Neurophysiological markers were assessed across four domains: affective regulation (frontal alpha asymmetry [FAA], eyeblink startle [EBS]), cognitive control (feedback-related negativity [fERN], frontal midline theta), motor readiness (sensorimotor rhythm [SMR], fronto-temporal coherence), and autonomic flexibility (heart rate variability [HRV]). Reward framing elicited a coordinated brain-body state marked by elevated SMR and HRV, greater left-frontal activation, and reduced fERN and coherence-supporting focus, emotional control, and movement stability. Punishment elicited defensive arousal, heightened error sensitivity, and disrupted cortical communication, particularly in lower performers. These results demonstrate that motivational incentives recalibrate neurocognitive and autonomic systems, shaping performance resilience or vulnerability. The identified markers represent viable targets for neurofeedback and biofeedback interventions aimed at enhancing resilience, attentional control, and execution in elite sport performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Überlegungen zum Einsatz von Gehirnausdauertraining im Spitzensport: Ein narrativer Review</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097171</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097171</guid>
      <author>Joseph, S. D.</author>
      <author>Russell, S.</author>
      <author>Tofari, P. J.</author>
      <author>Halson, S. L.</author>
      <author>Johnston, R. D.</author>
      <author>Timmins, R. G.</author>
      <author>Murray, N. B.</author>
      <author>Cormack, S. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gehirn</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Optimierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Joseph, S. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Russell, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tofari, P. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Halson, S. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Johnston, R. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Timmins, R. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Murray, N. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cormack, S. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Brain endurance training (BET) has been proposed as a method to enhance resistance to mental fatigue (MF) and mitigate the negative effects of MF on performance. The use of BET has been associated with improvements in endurance performance, cognitive function, skill performance, and reduced perception of effort under conditions of MF in amateur and professional athletes. However, the effectiveness and optimal application of BET in elite athletes (performance tier 4-5) has yet to be identified in the preliminary investigations available. This narrative review examined 12 published BET intervention studies to review BET methodology, performance impacts, and identify if BET may be beneficial to elite athlete performance. This review identified potential barriers and facilitators to the practical implementation for elite athletes. Existing research indicates that BET may be useful to maximize resistance to MF or enhance resistance to performance decrements resulting from MF in performance tier 0-3 athletes and should be examined to assess potential benefit for elite athletes. Benefits may exist in enhancing endurance performance, skill execution, and during injury rehabilitation. However, clear guidelines regarding efficacy and implementation are limited by substantial variation in research methodology and a lack of ecologically valid studies. Future research should aim to assess BET in elite athletes in an ecologically valid context to determine if it offers similar benefits shown in non-elite athletes. Furthermore, research should examine the effect of varying dosages of BET in elite athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Veränderungen der COD-Leistung, des Sprungs und der Flexibilität bei Nachwuchssportlern im Spitzenfußball über eine gesamte Saison hinweg</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097152</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097152</guid>
      <author>Palco, M.</author>
      <author>Giuca, C.</author>
      <author>Giorgio, A.</author>
      <author>Leonetti, D.</author>
      <author>Simonetta, R.</author>
      <author>Familiari, F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kind</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Richtungswechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beweglichkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampfperiode</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Palco, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Giuca, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Giorgio, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Leonetti, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Simonetta, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Familiari, F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background:
In elite youth soccer, the interplay between the development of key physical qualities, change-of-direction (COD) performance, explosive strength, and flexibility, remains poorly understood. Conventional training often assumes transfer effects, yet empirical evidence on how these qualities co-occur within elite youth cohorts across a competitive season remains limited. We tested the hypothesis that flexibility and explosive strength would be positively associated with COD performance at end-season (T2).]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wahrnehmungskonsens hinsichtlich der Leistung von Langlaufskiern auf Schnee: eine Fragebogenstudie unter Experten und Laien</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097153</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097153</guid>
      <author>Kalén, A.</author>
      <author>Abrahamsson, J.</author>
      <author>Kalliorinne, K.</author>
      <author>Holmberg, H.-C.</author>
      <author>Almqvist, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Skilanglauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wahrnehmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausrüstung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kalén, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Abrahamsson, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kalliorinne, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Holmberg, H.-C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Almqvist, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Introduction:
Understanding how skiers and ski technicians perceive snow conditions and ski preparation is essential for optimising glide performance in cross-country (XC) skiing. While tribological research has established how snow microstructure, water-film formation, and ski-snow interactions influence friction, comparatively little is known about how skiers and ski technicians interpret these mechanisms in practice.

Methods:
We therefore conducted a nationwide questionnaire study (n = 249) to quantify perceptual consensus on ten topics related to snow type, glide determinants, ski preparation, and skier-equipment interaction. Responses were analysed using van der Eijk's agreement coefficient for ordinal data and Cliff's delta to evaluate expert (n = 20) versus non-expert (n = 229) differences.

Results:
Agreement varied systematically across topics: the highest consensus was found for perceived ski speed on different snow types and structure selection, while the lowest was observed for glide determinants, paired glide tests involving skier mass, and double-poling positioning. Experts showed higher within-group agreement for perceived ski speed in skate-skiing and on moist transformed snow, and they consistently rated ski camber as more important than non-experts did.

Discussion:
These findings highlight empirically developed know-how within the skiing community, such as shared heuristics for snow-type assessment and preparation, and systematic expertise-related differences in prioritising fundamental ski characteristics (e.g., camber). As such, they can be used for targeted education and to inform future applied tribology research.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss des Fünf-Faktoren-Modells der Persönlichkeit auf die Leistung von Basketballspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097154</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097154</guid>
      <author>Abbas, I. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Persönlichkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Abbas, I. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This research examined how the Five-Factor Model (Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism) acts upon professional basketball players, exploring in addition whether these personality traits differ among playing position or levels of experience. A sample frame of 116 male professional players participating in the FIBA Asia Cup 2025 qualification was utilized. Personality traits were assessed using the 41-item Goldberg inventory, while performance was determined through a customized Player Efficiency index based on multiple linear regression analysis of core game statistics (Points, Rebounds, Assists, and Steals). The results indicated statistically Extraversion (a = 0.05); no significant association was found for Agreeableness and Neuroticism. Even though significant differences were found by playing position for Agreeableness, only guards scored less than forwards and centers. Across levels of experience, there were significant differences for Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism. Players with more than ten years of experience had higher Openness and Conscientiousness and were lower on Neuroticism than players with five years of experience or less. Overall, the findings suggest that important personality traits—especially openness, self-discipline, and social engagement—can contribute powerfully to basketball performance. These results demonstrate the potential for integrating personality assessment into talent identification, player development programs, and team-building processes in elite basketball settings.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen eines achtwöchigen Trainingsprogramms zur Verbesserung der Tritttechnik auf die funktionelle Schwellenleistung und die isokinetische Kraft der unteren Extremitäten bei jungen Radfahrern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097155</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097155</guid>
      <author>Kaplan, A. B.</author>
      <author>Göksu, Ö.</author>
      <author>Berisha, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Radsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsprogramm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gliedmaßen</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Pedalkraft</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>isokinetisch</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>functional threshold</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kaplan, A. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Göksu, Ö.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Berisha, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Introduction:
This study investigated the effects of an eight-week pedal technique training program on functional threshold power (FTP), knee isokinetic strength, and bilateral strength symmetry in young cyclists.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zusammenhang zwischen Kraft und Leistung im Oberkörper und der Wurfgenauigkeit: Ein Vergleich zwischen nicht behinderten und Rollstuhlbasketballspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097156</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097156</guid>
      <author>Yang, Y.</author>
      <author>Johnson, Q. R.</author>
      <author>Scott, A. A.</author>
      <author>Cabarkapa, D.</author>
      <author>Fry, A. C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Parasport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rollstuhlsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rumpf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wurf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungsgenauigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Parabasketball</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Rollstuhlbasketball</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Genauigkeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Yang, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Johnson, Q. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Scott, A. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cabarkapa, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fry, A. C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Introduction:
Although wheelchair basketball (WCB) is one of the most popular Paralympic sports, limited research has focused on sports performance and strength and conditioning within the sport. The purpose of the present investigation is to examine the relationship between upper-body muscular strength, power, and shooting accuracy in WCB athletes and their non-disabled recreational basketball players participating in WCB.

Methods:
Twenty athletes participated in the present study, of whom ten were WCB athletes and ten were healthy college-aged recreational basketball athletes. Upper-body muscular strength and power were evaluated using bilateral handgrip strength (HGS) and the Seated Medicine Ball Throw Test (SMBT). Shooting accuracy was assessed through ten standardized 2-point field-goal attempts taken from a 5.10-meter distance. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficients were used to examine associations between variables, depending on data normality, while independent t-tests were used to examine between-group differences.

Results:
Significantly strong positive correlations were observed between HGS, SMBT distance, and shooting accuracy in WCB athletes (phi = 0.73-0.85, p = 0.02), while non-WCB athletes displayed weak nonsignificant correlations (r = 0.30, p = 0.40). Between-group comparisons revealed significantly lower HGS in WCB athletes (p < 0.02, g > 0.8), while no differences were found for SMBT or shooting accuracy.

Conclusion:
While strength contributes to shooting performance, the findings of this study indicate that it is not the sole determinant of success. Non-disabled participants did not perform better in shooting accuracy than WCB athletes, despite the biomechanical advantage conferred by higher stature, underscoring the importance of sport-specific skill and coordination. Ultimately, shooting performance depends on integrating refined technique, experience, and strength.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit zu den Auswirkungen des Spitzensports auf die Teilnahme an körperlicher Aktivität und Sport</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097157</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097157</guid>
      <author>Reinke, V.</author>
      <author>John, J. M.</author>
      <author>Mutz, M.</author>
      <author>Hilpisch, C.</author>
      <author>Jaitner, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpolitik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aktivität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Freizeitsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Reinke, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>John, J. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mutz, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hilpisch, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jaitner, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[To legitimize the rising public spending on elite sport, governments and political stakeholders frequently refer to the potential beneficial effects of elite sport for society. A frequently given argument centers on the idea that elite sport has a demonstration effect, inspiring people in terms of their participation in physical activity and sport, so that financial support for elite sport will ultimately also reach the grass-roots level. In this systematic umbrella review, we summarize the findings from previous reviews on the actual impact of elite sport on three, partially overlapping dimensions of participation: physical activity, sport, and voluntary work. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020 Guidelines, we searched four electronic databases (APA PsycINFO, PubMed/Medline, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science), complemented by a reference and citation screening. Two independent reviewers screened all identified studies for eligibility. Of the 1.005 search results, 13 reviews were included in the final analysis. Their methodological quality was assessed by using an adapted version of the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) Checklist for systematic reviews with meta-analysis of observational studies. The synthesis of the reviews` findings does not allow for any firm conclusions to be made about elite sport`s impact on voluntary work, while a large number of research studies in relation to physical activity and sport, especially in the context of major sport events, can be observed. However, regardless of the conceptual understanding of physical activity or sport, there is only limited evidence for an inherent demonstration effect on various dimensions of participation in physical activity and sport, suggesting that any potential impact of elite sport needs to be leveraged by other supporting activities. Besides highlighting existing findings on relevant success and failure conditions, this umbrella review also elaborates on the significant research gaps that need to be explored in future studies to stimulate a more differentiated and candid debate regarding the role of elite sport for the general participation in physical activity and sport.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>KI-basiertes Tool zur Überwachung von Belastungsintensität und Ermüdung bei Handball-Spitzenspielerinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097158</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097158</guid>
      <author>Felice, F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Handball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mathematisch-logisches Modell</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>maschinelles Lernen</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>künstliche Intelligenz</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Felice, F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[We propose an AI-based tool to predict and monitor Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for player`s activity such as running distance and speed from wearable devices. These KPIs serve as proxies for intensity and fatigue levels in professional athletes. Applied to a women`s professional handball team competing at the EHF Champions League level, our model helps predict player workload and physiological stress, enabling accurate monitoring of player condition. By combining predictive accuracy with explainability methods, our tool not only forecasts fatigue and intensity metrics but also provides actionable insights for coaching staff to optimize training and lineup strategies. This work demonstrates the potential of advanced machine learning methods and can be extended to the prediction of any physiological KPI to support handball performance monitoring.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Ballbesitz vs. Torerfolg bei Kleinfeldspielen im Fußball: Eine narrative Mini-Übersichtsarbeit zu den Auswirkungen auf die physiologische, körperliche, technische und taktische Leistung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097159</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097159</guid>
      <author>Rumpf, M. C.</author>
      <author>Jäger, J.</author>
      <author>Lloyd, R.</author>
      <author>Lochmann, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielfeld</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielform</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Rumpf, M. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jäger, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lloyd, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lochmann, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Different task constraints such as possession play and goal scoring are regularly utilized in small-sided games (SSG) in order to train game specific situations. This narrative mini-review aimed to summarize how these two task constraints influence players' physiological, physical, technical and tactical parameters during SSG. Possession games increase the physiological load of players. Variables such as mean (+4.35%) and max heart rate (+6.43%) as well as duration >90%HRmax (+39.7%) were significantly higher compared to scoring format SSG. Players also felt significantly greater subjective exertion (+24.2%), mental challenge (+18.4%) and lower enjoyment (-6.45%) in comparison to scoring games, especially when goalkeepers participated. Possession games also increased physical strain for players during SSG, with total (+12.6%) and relative (+8.43%) running distance, average moving speed (+14.2%), number of low (+35.9%) and high ACC (+23.6%), and distances in high(er) speed bands (>14 km/h) being more prominent in possession games. Players are technically more engaged in possession format SSG. Significantly more total (+38.7%) and individual (+60.4%) ball touches, number of passes (+99.0%), and passes per player (+55.8%) were observed in possession compared to scoring games. The scarce scientific evidence regarding the effect of possession games on tactical variables suggests that more players are involved for a longer period of time exploring greater space during these types of games. Coaches should apply possession games to increase physiological, physical, and technical engagement of players during SSG.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Veränderung der Belastung durch Kopfstöße nach der Rückkehr zum Sport bei Fußballspielern mit Gehirnerschütterung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097160</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097160</guid>
      <author>Muench, J. R.</author>
      <author>Sinson, G. P.</author>
      <author>Glaeser, B.</author>
      <author>Shah, A. S.</author>
      <author>Rowson, S.</author>
      <author>Duma, S.</author>
      <author>Mihalik, J.</author>
      <author>Brooks, A.</author>
      <author>Cameron, K.</author>
      <author>Giza, C.</author>
      <author>Goldman, J.</author>
      <author>McGinty, G.</author>
      <author>Riggen, L. D.</author>
      <author>Pasquina, P. F.</author>
      <author>Brogio, S. P.</author>
      <author>MacAllister, T.</author>
      <author>McCrea, M. A.</author>
      <author>Harezlak, J.</author>
      <author>Stemper, B. D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kopf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gehirn</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Return to Sport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Gehirnerschütterung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Muench, J. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sinson, G. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Glaeser, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Shah, A. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rowson, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Duma, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mihalik, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Brooks, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cameron, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Giza, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Goldman, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>McGinty, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Riggen, L. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pasquina, P. F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Brogio, S. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>MacAllister, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>McCrea, M. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Harezlak, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Stemper, B. D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose 
Following sport-related concussions, early head impact exposure and premature return to sport are known to increase the risk of repeat concussion in football athletes, yet athletes` true post-injury head impact exposure profiles (i.e., characteristics of recorded head impacts over a given time period) and biomechanical progression have not been explored. Accordingly, this study explored how head impact exposure in American college football athletes was altered during their return to sport from concussion, particularly within the same athletic season.

Methods 
This analysis compared daily volume of head impacts following concussion with pre-injury levels using head impact exposure profiles of 52 concussed collegiate football athletes from six NCAA Division I programs, and further compared these athletes to team- and position-matched controls to minimize season- or team-related factors. In addition, this study provided an analysis of the possible association between duration of recovery and change in head impact exposure following concussion using continuous linear regression.

Results 
When comparing to pre-injury levels, 75% of concussed athletes reduced their head impact exposure in their immediate return to sport, whereas over 40% of concussed athletes did not reach their pre-injury level of head impact exposure at any point during the remainder of the concussion season segment. Furthermore, concussed athletes significantly decreased their head impact exposure over their immediate return-to-sport period when compared with team- and position-matched healthy, nonconcussed athletes over the same time period. Finally, longer postconcussion recovery times were associated with larger decreases in head impact exposure after return to sport.

Conclusions
This study provides evidence for a shift in head impact exposure after returning from concussion, seen most strongly in the immediate days after return to sport. These findings align with the recent shift toward more conservative postconcussion management seen across multiple sports and playing levels.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Leistung und Gesundheit in Mehrkampfdisziplinen: Eine Scoping-Übersichtsarbeit</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097161</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097161</guid>
      <author>Edouard, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mehrkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Disziplin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Siebenkampf</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Zehnkampf</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Edouard, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Combined events are an Athletics discipline with specific and particular challenges for performance and health, supporting the interest of focused research on this discipline, despite concerning a small proportion of athletes. The study aim was to summarize and map the available scientific literature on performance and health of combined events to establish the current level of understanding and identify knowledge gaps that require further investigation. A scoping review was conducted searching peer-reviewed articles dealing with performance and/or health in combined events (i.e., pentathlon, heptathlon or decathlon) on the MEDLINE (via PubMed), EMBASE (via Ovid), Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases, from inception to October 13, 2025. In total, 111 articles were included, with 95.5% as primary research, 95.5% using quantitative approach, 22.5% with a level of evidence 1b and 48.6% 2b, and 56.8% with study aim(s) focused on combined events understanding and/or analyzing. 64.0% articles dealt with performance and 59.5% with health, including 23.4% dealing with both. Regarding performance, the majority of articles dealt with performance analysis/tactics/data management (56.3%), followed by physiology (21.1%), and nutrition (11.3%). Regarding health, the majority of articles dealt with injuries (62.1%), followed by physiology (22.7%), illnesses (18.2%), and nutrition (12.1%). These findings (i) can help to suggest some clinical implications for performance enhancement and health protection, and (ii) highlighted the need for continuing research on performance and/or health in combined events, preferably with prospective design, large athletes' sample sizes, focused on underrepresented populations (e.g., women, adolescents, Masters athletes), over one or more Athletics season.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss von Kaltwasserimmersion auf die Regeneration nach Spielen bei trainierten Fußballspielern: Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit und Meta-Analyse</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097162</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097162</guid>
      <author>Veen, J.</author>
      <author>Bergh, C.</author>
      <author>Cao, Y.</author>
      <author>Randers, M. B.</author>
      <author>Krustrup, P.</author>
      <author>Edholm, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wasser</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Temperatur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kaltwasseranwendung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kältetherapie</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kälte</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Erholung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Muskelkater</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Veen, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bergh, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cao, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Randers, M. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Krustrup, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Edholm, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Cold-water immersion (CWI) is widely used by elite soccer players to enhance recovery after match play, yet systematic evidence supporting the effectiveness of this intervention is lacking. This systematic review with meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effects of CWI on the recovery of physical performance, muscle damage, and delayed muscle soreness in trained soccer players after match play. A systematic database search was conducted and inclusion criteria were: (1) peer-reviewed, controlled trials; (2) competitive soccer players; (3) comparison of CWI with control/placebo after match/simulated match-play; (4) at least one of the following outcomes: 20 m sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ), leg strength via maximal voluntary contraction (MVC), creatine kinase (CK) for muscle damage, or delayed onset of muscle soreness (DOMS); and (5) outcome measurements taken 24, 48 or 72 h post-match. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate standardized mean differences (SMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and prediction intervals (PI). Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. CWI significantly improved recovery of MVC (SMD = 1.02 [95% CI: 0.55 to 1.50; 95% PI: -0.48 to 2.53]) and CMJ (SMD = 0.38 [95% CI: 0.12 to 0.64; 95% PI: -0.39 to 1.15]), while sprint performance remained unaffected (SMD = -0.59 [95% CI: -1.41 to 0.23; 95% PI: -4.14 to 2.95]). CWI reduced CK levels (SMD = -0.77 [95% CI: -1.17 to -0.37; 95% PI: -2.23 to 0.69]) and alleviated DOMS (SMD = -1.04 [95% CI: -1.91 to -0.17; 95% PI: -4.12 to 2.03]). MVC and CK recovery improved consistently across all time points, while DOMS relief was observed at 24 and 72 h post-match. CMJ benefits were only evident at 48 h post-match. However, as the 95% PIs for all outcomes included the null effect, the observed benefits should be interpreted cautiously, as future studies may yield smaller or null effects. Overall, CWI may enhance recovery of muscle strength, reduce muscle damage, and alleviate soreness in trained male and female soccer players, but does not seem to impact sprint performance, and its effect on CMJ is time-dependent.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Untersuchung der Sprintkinematik bei American-Football-Athleten nach Rekonstruktion des vorderen Kreuzbandes</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097163</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097163</guid>
      <author>Ito, N.</author>
      <author>Lin, Y.-C.</author>
      <author>Martin, J. A.</author>
      <author>Blemker, S. S.</author>
      <author>Opar, D. A.</author>
      <author>Kliethermes, S. A.</author>
      <author>Heiderscheit, B. C.</author>
      <author>HAMIR Consortium Investigators.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>American Football</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Orthopädie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreuzband</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Return to Play</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>NCAA</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ito, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lin, Y.-C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Martin, J. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Blemker, S. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Opar, D. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kliethermes, S. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Heiderscheit, B. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>HAMIR Consortium Investigators.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to compare stance time and knee joint kinematics between limbs during sprinting in Division-1 collegiate American football athletes with a history of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). This secondary analysis used data from an ongoing multicenter prospective cohort study of NCAA Division-1 American football athletes. Sprint biomechanics were collected using wearable inertial measurement units during on-field, maximal effort overground sprints. Knee kinematic variables of interest included stance time, knee flexion angle at initial contact, peak knee flexion angle, and knee flexion excursion during the stance phase from 2 to 5 strides near peak sprinting speed. Linear mixed effects models were used to evaluate the main effects of limb (involved vs. uninvolved), time from surgery, and their interaction on variables of interest, adjusted for peak sprint speed. Twenty male athletes (mean age: 21.2 ± 1.3 years; time from surgery: 28.0 ± 18.5 months) were fully participating in American football without limitations at the time of testing and met inclusion criteria. No significant limb × time interactions (p = 0.3-0.60) or main effects of limb (p = 0.23-0.84) or time (p = 0.08-0.84) were observed for any of our variables of interest. Division-1 American football athletes approximately 2 years post-ACLR did not demonstrate asymmetrical knee joint kinematics or stance time during sprinting. While gait asymmetries are commonly observed after ACLR during submaximal walking and running, these differences may diminish at high effort levels required during sprinting. IMU-based methods provide a clinically feasible approach for assessing on-field sprint biomechanics in athletes after ACLR.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Effekte eines 90-minütigen Nickerchens auf Zeit-Bewegungs-Metriken und psychophysiologische Reaktionen während kleinformatiger Spiele bei professionellen Fußballspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097164</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097164</guid>
      <author>Kerkeni, M.</author>
      <author>Boukhris, O.</author>
      <author>Kerkeni, M.</author>
      <author>Ammar, A.</author>
      <author>Husain, W.</author>
      <author>Zmijewski, P.</author>
      <author>Jahrami, H.</author>
      <author>Chtourou, H.</author>
      <author>Trabelsi, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielform</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schlaf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Psychophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Erholung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Tageszeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Zeit-Bewegungs-Analyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kleinfeld</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kerkeni, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Boukhris, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kerkeni, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ammar, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Husain, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zmijewski, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jahrami, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chtourou, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Trabelsi, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study investigated the impact of a 90-min nap (N90) on time-motion metrics and psychophysiological responses during small-sided games (SSGs) in soccer players. In a within-subjects counterbalanced design, 15 professional male soccer players (mean ± SD; age: 22.4 ± 1.2 years; stature: 178 ± 9 cm; body mass: 70.1 ± 4.0 kg; estimated VO2max: 55.9 ± 2.8 mL·min-1·kg-1) completed two SSGs sessions under N90 and no-nap (N0) conditions. N90 was monitored using a Fitbit Charge 6 wristband. Daytime sleepiness was assessed pre- and post-nap. Mood states, the wellness status (Hooper index), and cognitive performance (Go/NoGo task) were evaluated before each SSGs session. Time-motion metrics, obtained via the FieldWiz GPS system, along with exercise heart rate (HR), were continuously monitored throughout the SSGs. Blood lactate concentration ([La]) and ratings of perceived exertion (RPE) were assessed post-SSGs. Compared to N0, the N90 condition resulted in a significantly greater total distance covered during SSGs (p = 0.002, Cohen's |d| = 0.96), lower presession resting HR (p < 0.001, |d| = 1.33), and reduced relative exercise HR (p = 0.03, |d| = 0.33). Additionally, post-SSGs [La] and RPE were lower following N90 (p = 0.015, |d| = 0.71 and p = 0.001, |d| = 1.03 respectively). The N90 also led to higher vigor scores (p = 0.003, |d| = 1.01), lower Hooper index values (p = 0.02, |d| = 0.59), and faster reaction time (p = 0.02, |r| = 0.60) than N0. A 90-min nap before SSGs training increased total distance covered, reduced perceived fatigue, and enhanced mood, wellness, and cognitive alertness. These findings support implementing a 90-min nap as a practical ergogenic aid to optimize recovery status, performance, cognitive alertness and overall well-being in professional soccer players.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Dimensionen der Professionalisierung: Eine vergleichende Analyse des Frauenfußballs in den Vereinigten Staaten und Polen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097274</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097274</guid>
      <author>Kossakowski, R.</author>
      <author>Allison, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>USA</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Polen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Professionalismus</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kossakowski, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Allison, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Recent growth in opportunity and resources in elite-level women`s soccer has been widely celebrated. Yet the standing of women in the sport remains highly variable cross-nationally, with substantial continued inequality and many ongoing challenges to adequate support for the health, safety and career development of elite players. To support the project of tracing processes of change, we delineate a framework drawn from literature for assessing the professional development of women`s soccer. Further, we illustrate its utility though a comparison of professional and commercial development across Poland and the United States. We elaborate professionalization as a fundamentally gendered social process and call for future research assessing professionalization over time and engaging a comparative perspective.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Professionalisierung des Frauenfußballs in Brasilien: Perspektiven und Herausforderungen hinsichtlich der Arbeitsbedingungen der Spielerinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097275</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097275</guid>
      <author>Delarmelina, G. B.</author>
      <author>de Souza, L. C.</author>
      <author>Martins, M. Z.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Brasilien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Professionalismus</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Delarmelina, G. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>de Souza, L. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Martins, M. Z.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This article examines the recent professionalization of women`s football in Brazil through the perspectives of players competing in the national top division. Drawing on interviews with 20 athletes from all five regions of the country, we explore how professionalization has unfolded following the implementation of CONMEBOL`s licencing regulation, which obliges men`s clubs to maintain women`s teams. Analysing the players` narratives through an intersectional framework, we identify how gender, class, and geography shape distinct working conditions and career paths. Despite the introduction of formal contracts and improved visibility, professionalization remains marked by regional inequality, dependence on men`s clubs, and persistent symbolic and material hierarchies. We argue that professionalization is not a linear or uniform process, and that athletes continue to navigate precarious conditions while being disciplined by institutional norms and cultural expectations. The findings contribute to a critical understanding of how professionalization is structured and experienced in a historically unequal and gendered football context.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Fußball, Frauen, Gesellschaft: Das Wachstum des Frauenfußballs in Ostafrika im Kontext</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097276</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097276</guid>
      <author>Simiyu Njororai, W. W.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Afrika</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kenia</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Uganda</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tansania</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesellschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Simiyu Njororai, W. W.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This article presents a socio-cultural and sporting analysis of women`s football growth in East Africa, focusing on Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania. It uses the theory of patriarchy to contextualize women`s football growth in East Africa. It endeavours to examine the introduction of football as a colonial and male-dominated sport in the East African countries by analysing the intersection of soccer, women, and culture, the cultural constraints to women`s participation, and the relevance of patriarchal theory. Through a critical lens, this study highlights the resilience of female athletes in overcoming societal barriers and contributing to the burgeoning landscape of women`s football in the region. The article concludes by highlighting the challenges and opportunities for fostering a more equitable and inclusive footballing environment.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Karrierewege von professionellen und internationalen Fußballspielerinnen in den Vereinigten Staaten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097277</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097277</guid>
      <author>Andrew, M.</author>
      <author>Mannix, P.</author>
      <author>Cost, R.</author>
      <author>Oliva-Lozano, J. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>USA</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>international</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Karriereverlauf</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Andrew, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mannix, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cost, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Oliva-Lozano, J. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The overall structure of women`s soccer in the United States (US) renders a unique sport system within global soccer. This essay will examine the challenges and complexities of the talent pathway within youth female soccer in the US by exploring key components which have significant implications for long-term development including the country`s decentralized talent pathway, pay-to-play model, youth competition, talent identification programmes and collegiate soccer, and are analysed alongside sociocultural factors. Additionally, the professional women`s soccer ecosystem, including its significant growth and expansion, varying talent pathways will be examined, exemplifying and reinforcing the diverse, non-linear pathways to professional soccer in the US. Finally, the Women`s National Team`s success and future challenges are discussed. The recommendations provided emphasize the need for holistic understanding and adaptation to the ever-evolving women`s soccer landscape. This essay ultimately provides a foundation for future research and insights into fostering female-centred player development initiatives within the US.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kryotherapie und Muskelfunktion beim unmittelbaren Wiedereinstieg in den Wettkampf</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097278</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097278</guid>
      <author>Surenkok, O.</author>
      <author>Balkisli, B. C.</author>
      <author>Karacan, Y. Y.</author>
      <author>Kendal, K.</author>
      <author>Atici, E.</author>
      <author>Aydin, G.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aktivität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Temperatur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Therapie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>EMG</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Return to Play</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kälteapplikation</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kälte</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kältetherapie</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Surenkok, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Balkisli, B. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Karacan, Y. Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kendal, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Atici, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Aydin, G.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the effects of cold spray and cold pack applications on the biomechanical properties, muscle strength, and activity of the quadriceps femoris muscle.

Methods: Fifty-three male participants aged 18 to 25 were included in this randomised controlled study. Participants were randomly assigned to two groups: cold spray (n=27) and cold pack (n=26). The cold spray group received a 10-second application to the quadriceps, whereas the cold pack group received a 5-minute application. Measurements included skin surface temperature, muscle mechanical properties (MyotonPRO), isometric muscle strength (Lafayette dynamometer), and muscle activity (surface EMG). These measurements were conducted at three time points: before the intervention (baseline), immediately after the application, and five minutes post-application.

Results: Participant characteristics were similar between groups (p>0.05). Both groups showed time-dependent changes in muscle properties. Myoton-F, -S, and -D increased following the application, while Myoton-R decreased. Strength increased only in the cold spray group (p<0.05). The mean EMG workload was higher at baseline in the cold spray group (p<0.05), but no time-related change was observed in either group. EMG onset time decreased over time in the cold pack group (p<0.05). Skin temperature dropped significantly in both groups after the application (p<0.05), with a greater and more prolonged effect in the cold spray group (p<0.05).

Conclusion: These findings suggest that both cold spray and cold pack can induce short-term changes in quadriceps muscle function by altering the muscle`s mechanical properties. Cold spray appears to improve muscle strength, while cold pack may influence the timing of muscle activation.


Zusammenfassung

Zielsetzung: Diese Studie hatte zum Ziel, die Auswirkungen von Kältespray- und Kältepackanwendungen auf die biomechanischen Eigenschaften, die Muskelkraft und die Aktivität des Musculus quadriceps femoris zu untersuchen.

Methoden: An dieser randomisiert-kontrollierten Studie nahmen 53 männliche Probanden im Alter von 18-25 Jahren teil. Die Teilnehmer wurden zufällig in 2 Gruppen eingeteilt: Kältespray (n=27) und Kältepack (n=26). Die Kältespray-Gruppe erhielt eine 10-sekündige Applikation auf den Quadrizeps, während die Kältepack-Gruppe eine 5-minütige Applikation erhielt. Erfasst wurden die Hautoberflächentemperatur, die mechanischen Eigenschaften des Muskels (MyotonPRO), die isometrische Muskelkraft (Lafayette-Dynamometer) sowie die Muskelaktivität (Oberflächen-EMG). Diese Messungen wurden zu 3 Zeitpunkten durchgeführt: vor der Intervention (Baseline), unmittelbar nach der Anwendung und 5 Minuten nach der Anwendung.

Ergebnisse: Die Teilnehmercharakteristika waren zwischen den Gruppen vergleichbar (p>0,05). Beide Gruppen zeigten zeitabhängige Veränderungen der Muskelfunktionen. Myoton-F, -S und -D nahmen nach der Anwendung zu, während Myoton-R abnahm. Eine Zunahme der Muskelkraft konnte ausschließlich in der Kältespray-Gruppe festgestellt werden (p<0,05). Der EMG-Arbeitsdurchschnitt war zu Beginn in der Kältespray- Gruppe höher (p<0,05), jedoch wurde in keiner Gruppe ein zeitabhängiger Effekt beobachtet. Die EMG-Onset-Zeit nahm in der Kältepack-Gruppe über die Zeit ab (p<0,05). Die Hauttemperatur sank in beiden Gruppen signifikant nach der Anwendung (p<0,05), wobei der Effekt in der Kältespray-Gruppe stärker und länger anhaltend war (p<0,05).

Schlussfolgerung: Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, dass sowohl Kältespray als auch Kältepack kurzfristige Veränderungen der Quadrizepsfunktion durch die Modulation mechanischer Muskeleigenschaften hervorrufen können. Kältespray scheint die Muskelkraft zu verbessern, während Kältepack den Zeitpunkt der Muskelaktivierung beeinflussen könnte.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Hohe Wiederverletzungsraten und schlechte Ergebnisse nach vorderer Kreuzbandruptur im Judo</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097279</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097279</guid>
      <author>Lambert, C.</author>
      <author>Mehl, J.</author>
      <author>Reinert, N.</author>
      <author>Höher, J.</author>
      <author>Balke, M.</author>
      <author>Bouillon, B.</author>
      <author>Akato, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Judo</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreuzband</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Therapie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Lambert, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mehl, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Reinert, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Höher, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Balke, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bouillon, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Akato, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Abstract

Objective: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is the most serious injury in judo. However, little is known about the outcome of treatment and its impact on subsequent athletic development. This study aimed to evaluate (1) ACL re-injury rates, injury-related time loss, and (2) regained level of performance in judoka after conservatively and surgically treated ACL ruptures.

Methods: Five hundred judoka who had suffered an ACL rupture were included in the study via an online survey. Re-injury rates, persistent symptoms, time loss, and reduction in athletic performance were assessed according to performance level and treatment approach (surgical vs. conservative).

Results: Eighty-six percent of athletes underwent surgery. The overall re-injury rate was 27.6%. In the highest performance level group, 41.4% sustained a re-injury. No significant difference was observed with regard to persistent pain, swelling, and episodes of instability (surgical vs. conservative: pain 40.1% vs. 35.2%, p=0.436; swelling 21.7% vs. 12.7%, p=0.081; instability 14.0% vs. 15.5% p=0.736) Among conservatively treated patients, 70.4% returned to sport after 6 months, whereas among surgically treatment patients, 35.9% returned within 6-9 months and 33.6% after more than 9 months . There was no significant difference in post-injury performance level between treatment groups (same performance level: surgical 32% vs. conservative 35%).

Conclusion: Judo athletes show high re-injury rates after ACL ruptures, especially in high performance classes. The proportion of persistent symptoms after surgical therapy is high and differs only slightly from those treated conservatively. In rare cases, pre-injury performance levels may be regained even after conservative therapy.


Zusammenfassung

Zielsetzung: Die vordere Kreuzbandruptur ist die schwerste Verletzung im Judo. Es ist jedoch wenig über die Behandlungsergebnisse und den Einfluss auf die weitere sportliche Entwicklung bekannt. Ziel der Studie war es, die VKB-Wiederverletzungsrate, den verletzungsbedingten Zeitverlust und das wiedererlangte Leistungsniveau bei Judoka nach konservativ und operativ behandelten vorderen Kreuzbandrupturen zu untersuchen.

Methoden: Fünfhundert Judoka, die eine VKB-Ruptur erlitten hatten, wurden mittels einer Online-Umfrage in die Studie einbezogen. Wiederverletzungsraten, anhaltende Symptome, Zeitverlust und Leistungseinbußen wurden in Abhängigkeit von Leistungsniveau und operativer bzw. konservativer Therapie erhoben.

Ergebnisse: 86% der Athleten wurden operiert. Die Wiederverletzungsrate betrug 27,6%. In der Gruppe mit dem höchsten Leistungsniveau erlitten 41,4% eine erneute Verletzung. Es gab keinen signifikanten Unterschied bei anhaltenden Schmerzen, Schwellungen und Instabilitätsgefühl (operativ vs. konservativ: Schmerzen 40,1% vs. 35,2%, p=0,436; Schwellungen 21,7% vs. 12,7%, p=0,081; Instabilitätsgefühl 14% vs. 15,5%, p=0,736). 70,4% der konservativ behandelten Patienten kehrten nach 6 Monaten zum Sport zurück, nach chirurgischer Therapie 6-9 Monate 35,9% und mehr als 9 Monate 33,6%. Es gab keinen signifikanten Unterschied hinsichtlich des Leistungsniveaus nach der Verletzung (gleiches Niveau: operativ 32%, konservativ 35%).

Schlussfolgerung: Judosportler weisen nach VKB-Rupturen hohe Wiederverletzungsraten auf, vor allem in hohen Leistungsklassen. Der Anteil der persistierenden Beschwerden nach operativer Therapie ist hoch und unterscheidet sich nur geringfügig von konservativ behandelten Sportlern. In seltenen Fällen kann das vorherige Leistungsniveau auch nach konservativer Therapie wieder erreicht werden.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Die wissenschaftsbasierte Nutzung von GPS-Daten im Profifußball: Relevanz, Orientierungswerte und praktische Empfehlungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097280</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097280</guid>
      <author>Mühl, H.</author>
      <author>Granacher, U.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingssteuerung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsplanung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsgestaltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Mühl, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Granacher, U.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Zusammenfassung

Die Nutzung von GPS-Daten ist heutzutage fester Bestandteil der Arbeit von Athletiktrainer*innen und Datenanalyst*innen im professionellen Frauen- und Männerfußball. Trainer*innen sollten auf GPS-Systeme mit vergleichsweise hoher Dateneinzugsfrequenz (18Hz) zurückgreifen, um kurze Sprintstrecken mit schnellen Richtungswechseln valide abbilden zu können. Eine hohe trainingspraktische Relevanz für die sportliche Leistung und die Verletzungsprävention haben die GPS-Parameter absolute Laufdistanz, Anzahl der Maximalsprints, Beschleunigungen, Abbremsbewegungen sowie Laufdistanz im Geschwindigkeits- und Hochgeschwindigkeitsbereich.
Auf Grundlage trainingspraktisch relevanter GPS-Parameter besteht die zentrale Herausforderung darin, das komplexe Zusammenspiel von Trainingsbelastung und -beanspruchung zu erfassen und daraus geeignete Ableitungen für die kurz-(Mikrozyklus), mittel- (Mesozyklus) und langfristige (Makrozyklus) Trainingssteuerung zu treffen. Zukünftig können KI-Methoden diesen Prozess unterstützen, indem sie große Datenmengen effizient auswerten und Muster in der Belastungssteuerung sichtbar machen. Erste Studien liefern vielversprechende Hinweise. Allerdings muss gerade für den hochindividualisierten Profifußball geprüft werden, ob bestehende Lernalgorithmen, die durch die Daten eines Teams zustande gekommen sind, auch auf andere Teams übertragen werden können. Im vorliegenden Beitrag werden literaturbasierte Empfehlungen zur Nutzung von GPS-Daten (z.B. beschleunigungsbasierte Parameter) für die Gestaltung von Makro-, Meso- und Mikrozyklen präsentiert. Grundsätzlich sollte der Einsatz von GPS-Daten kontextualisiert erfolgen, sodass sie Trainer*innen als Orientierungshilfe dienen, ohne zu starren Zielgrößen der Trainings- und Belastungssteuerung im Fußball zu werden.
Praktisch bedeutsam ist zudem die Weiterentwicklung von Modellen, die ein erhöhtes Verletzungsrisiko in spezifischen Saisonphasen vorhersagen können. Während bestehende Ansätze wie das Acute:Chronic Workload Ratio (ACWR) erste Orientierung bieten, sind ihre methodischen Grenzen offensichtlich. Hier besteht weiterer Forschungsbedarf, um zuverlässige und anwendungsnahe Instrumente für die Trainingssteuerung im Profifußball bereitzustellen. Darüber hinaus sollten für die individualisierte Trainingssteuerung neben den objektiven GPS-Daten auch subjektive Anstrengungsskalen zum Einsatz kommen.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Die australischen Matildas bei der FIFA 2023: Impulsgeber für sozialen Wandel, Sportpolitik und Soft-Power-Diplomatie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097281</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097281</guid>
      <author>Kampmark, B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Australien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpolitik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>soziale Beziehung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Weltmeisterschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kampmark, B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Beyond expectations, the host side in the 2023 FIFA Women`s World Cup, held in Australia, reached the semi-finals, only to lose to the European champions, England. This article considers the growing influence of the Matildas (Australian national women`s football team), the enormous challenges that have faced women competitors in football/soccer in Australia, the legacy of the team`s performance at the tournament, and what prospects this offers the game in Australian women`s sports at the community, club and elite level. The catalytic changes effected by the Matildas on female participation and roles in sporting endeavours and beyond, helped by their increasing marketability and visibility, are examined. Mention is also made of government policies capitalizing on the `Matilda effect` in social policy and soft power diplomacy. This paper also considers the continuing challenges facing the Matildas and female soccer in the country, including persistent scepticism about the value of women`s sports.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>32 Jahre Ungleichheit bei den Trainern bei der FIFA Frauen-Weltmeisterschaft (1991-2023): Spielen Geschlecht, ethnische Zugehörigkeit und Herkunft eine Rolle?</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097282</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097282</guid>
      <author>Lima Sampaio, M. E.</author>
      <author>Barreira, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Weltmeisterschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpolitik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschlecht</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Ethik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Lima Sampaio, M. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Barreira, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examines gender, race, and regional representation among head coaches in all editions of the FIFA Women`s World Cup (1991-2023). Using a quantitative, longitudinal design, data were collected from official tournament records and analysed descriptively. Results revealed that women represented only 24% of all head coaches, with even lower proportions for women of colour and coaches from the Global South. Despite limited access, women coaches achieved disproportionately high success, winning 44% of the titles. Additionally, women were more likely than men to return for multiple editions, suggesting strong performance when given the opportunity. These findings challenge persistent stereotypes about leadership competence and masculinity in sport. The study highlights the need for equity-driven policies in coaching recruitment and retention, particularly for underrepresented groups. It contributes to ongoing debates on gender and performance, calling for structural change to ensure fair access to leadership in women`s football.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Fußball, Gesellschaft und Mutterschaft: Mütter, Töchter und der Umgang mit Geschlechternormen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097283</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097283</guid>
      <author>Pielichaty, H.</author>
      <author>Velija, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesellschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpolitik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schwangerschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kind</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Eltern</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Pielichaty, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Velija, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Traditionally soccer has been the preserve of men and boys and, in turn, for dads and sons to consume. The archaic, male-dominated environment of soccer has previously stifled girls` and women`s involvement in the sport as players and spectators. Soccer's elite sporting environment makes becoming a mother challenging and many athletes are forced to choose between athletic success or motherhood. The sport is undergoing rapid change, encouraged by government reviews, energized societal appeal and a generation of former female players now encouraging their own daughters into the game. This paper has important implications for policymakers, sports organizations, educators and researchers alike in terms of reimagining a space for mothers in soccer. As such, a call-to-action is made arguing for more research in this area from an interdisciplinary and intersectional perspective to promote gender equity on and off the pitch.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Synergetische Effekte gemischter körperlicher und mentaler Ermüdung auf die Leistung beim Badminton-Vorhandschmetterball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097143</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097143</guid>
      <author>Wang, B.</author>
      <author>Ding, L.</author>
      <author>Liu, M.</author>
      <author>Huang, Y.</author>
      <author>Ai, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Badminton</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angriff</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungshandlung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Schlag</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Wang, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ding, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Liu, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Huang, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ai, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose
Badminton`s forehand jump smash is critical for offensive success, yet its performance often declines under fatigue. Previous studies have separately examined physical or mental fatigue, neglecting their combined impact, common in competitive scenarios. This study investigates the synergistic effects of physical-mental mixed fatigue on smash performance, focusing on speed and accuracy in badminton athletes using a dual-channel neuromuscular-mental fatigue model.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Die Auswirkungen von drei Hamstring-Trainingsprogrammen auf Kraft und Sprintleistung bei Fußballerinnen: Eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097144</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097144</guid>
      <author>Whyte, E.</author>
      <author>O`Connor, S.</author>
      <author>Connolly, A.</author>
      <author>Hession, E.</author>
      <author>Kennedy, J.</author>
      <author>O`Boyle, B.</author>
      <author>Thorp, J.</author>
      <author>Timmons, S.</author>
      <author>Burke, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ischiokrurale Muskeln</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsprogramm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Nordic hamstring exercise</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Whyte, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>O`Connor, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Connolly, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hession, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kennedy, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>O`Boyle, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Thorp, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Timmons, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Burke, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective
Hamstring strain injuries (HSIs) frequently occur in female football, with sprinting being a common mechanism of injury. During sprinting, the considerable strength requirements of the knee flexors and hip extensors indicate their importance in performance and may partially explain the high incidence of HSIs. This study examined the effectiveness of 3 interventions on hip extensor and knee flexor strength and sprint performance in female footballers using a randomised controlled study design (ClinicalTrails.gov: NCT0573327).]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Anwendung von Teamstrategien für dynamische Koordination: Eine vergleichende Studie zur Expertise im 3-gegen-3-Basketball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097146</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097146</guid>
      <author>Ichikawa, J.</author>
      <author>Yamada, M.</author>
      <author>Iwaihara, Y.</author>
      <author>Ichinose, G.</author>
      <author>Fujii, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>3x3 Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mannschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>dynamisch</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Strategie</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ichikawa, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yamada, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Iwaihara, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ichinose, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fujii, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Humans working as a team can achieve higher performance. Studies in sports science, network science, and machine learning have extracted dynamic physical interaction structures of such coordination in team sports. However, the information processing, such as the application of team strategies, has not been fully discussed. The purpose of this cognitive science study was to investigate the application of team strategies for dynamic coordination across different expertise levels using 3-on-3 basketball. In a field experiment, female players, who were selected as prefecture representatives in Japan (Average experience 19.33 years, SD = 4.09), repeatedly engaged in mini-games. Their previous and current affiliated teams competed in national tournaments. We analyzed the difficulty in anticipating offensive movements for the opponent defensive team, quantified as entropy, using tracking position data. This was compared with female players recorded in a previous study. They affiliated with a university team ranked in the third division of the regional league (Average experience 11.33 years, SD = 3.42). There was no such achievement as those in the high expertise condition. Using a linear mixed model with the significance level (a = 0.05), the results showed that the entropy for the key player in the high expertise condition was significantly higher than that in the low expertise after the tips condition, and similar to that in the low expertise before the tips condition. The tips were concise coaching advice regarding coordination related to the crucial role of intervention decision and adjustment. This was also lower than that simulated in the random walk condition, which served as a minimal baseline for scientifically explaining the observed complexity. Our first step study suggests that the movement dynamics at the expert level may be relatively complex, making it difficult for the defensive team to anticipate, and related to the application of team strategies.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Effekte von globalem versus lokalem Rumpfmuskulaturtraining auf Muskelkraft, Kraftindikatoren und ruderspezifische Leistungsfähigkeit bei pubertären männlichen Ruderern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097147</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097147</guid>
      <author>Hammami, R.</author>
      <author>Negra, Y.</author>
      <author>Mahmoudi, A.</author>
      <author>Selmi, W.</author>
      <author>Rebai, H.</author>
      <author>Behm, D. G.</author>
      <author>Chaouachi, A.</author>
      <author>Granacher, U.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rudern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rumpf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Hammami, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Negra, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mahmoudi, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Selmi, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rebai, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Behm, D. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chaouachi, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Granacher, U.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Strength training is fundamental during long-term athlete development to enhance strength and power supporting sport-specific performance. In rowing, trunk muscles stabilize the body and transmit forces between the lower and upper limbs. This study compared the effects of pre-season global (GST) versus local (LST) trunk strength training on muscle strength, power, and rowing-specific performance in young male rowers. Twenty-eight Tier 2 athletes aged 12-13 years (circa-PHV = 0.2-0.3) completed a 6-week program with two weekly sessions. GST involved machine-based and free-weight trunk exercises at 70% 1-RM, whereas LST emphasized body-weight trunk exercises on stable and unstable surfaces. Pre- and post-tests included lower- and upper-limb power, trunk strength, and a 700-m rowing ergometer test. Significant group-by-time interactions were found for all strength (d = 3.04-3.84; p < 0.001), power (d = 0.75-2.34; p < 0.01), and rowing performance outcomes (d = 1.61; p < 0.001). Post-hoc analyses indicated greater improvements in GST (d = 0.28-1.87; p < 0.001) than in LST (d = 0.11-0.73; p < 0.001). In conclusion, GST produced larger performance gains than LST. However, these effects likely reflect the combined influence of exercise modality and higher external loading intensity, rather than trunk muscle recruitment patterns alone. These findings should be interpreted with caution given that differences in external loading between conditions (70% 1-RM vs. athletes` body mass) confound the comparison of GST versus LST modalities. Strength and conditioning specialists may consider incorporating GST to enhance foundational strength and power in pubertal male rowers, but further research controlling for training load is needed to isolate the effects of exercise modality.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auf die Bremse treten im Fußball: Individualisierte Schwellenwerte zur Bewertung hochintensiver Abbremsbewegungen während Spielen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097148</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097148</guid>
      <author>Moore, L.</author>
      <author>Drury, B.</author>
      <author>Hearn, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Richtungswechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Abbremsen</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Moore, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Drury, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hearn, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[There is currently a lack of understanding surrounding how to quantify high-intensity deceleration actions in soccer. Therefore, this study sought to compare the use of arbitrary (ARB) and individualised (IND) high-intensity deceleration thresholds when examining the most demanding passages of play (MDP) and full matches. Fourteen male soccer players (age = 19.44 ± 1.13 yrs.; mass = 79.14 ± 7.88 kg; height = 184.16 ± 5.00 cm) were monitored during competitive matches using global positioning systems (WIMU Pro, RealTrack System SL, Almeria, Spain). IND thresholds were determined as 75% of a subject's peak deceleration ability from match data. ARB values were set as > 4m/s2 with the differences between these high-intensity deceleration thresholds analysed. ARB thresholds resulted in significantly (p < 0.01) larger distance and count metrics compared to IND during both MDP and full matches. These findings highlight the notable differences between ARB and IND high-intensity deceleration thresholds in matches. Thus, it is recommended a modified IND threshold approach is used when analysing the high-intensity deceleration demands of matches and MDP. Practitioners may be inclined to monitor high-intensity decelerations using IND thresholds, as is suggested when measuring other locomotor tasks during soccer training and matches.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ein Rahmenleitfaden zur Auswahl von Kennzahlen zur externen Belastung im Eishockey</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097149</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097149</guid>
      <author>Nightingale, S.</author>
      <author>Hughes, J.</author>
      <author>De Ste Croix, M.</author>
      <author>Pfeifer, C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eishockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsgestaltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Parameter</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>external load</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Nightingale, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hughes, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>De Ste Croix, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pfeifer, C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[External workload monitoring has become commonplace in many sports, with staff looking to leverage the information gained to manipulate practice volume and intensity, hoping to maximize player readiness, minimize fatigue, and reduce the risk of injuries. However, with the increase in availability of technology to facilitate this, practitioners are faced with an overwhelming selection of metrics to choose from. Collinearity, contradiction and the accurate quantification of relative metrics risk creating confusion, and therefore it may benefit practitioners to have some guidance to help in the process of metric selection. This framework aims to provide clarity in the underpinning theory, history and development of external workload monitoring practice, a series of questions for reflective practitioners to consider, and evidence-based practical suggestions for its use.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss von Veränderungen der Menstruationszyklusphase auf Fehlerquoten bei sportlichen Bewegungen bei Sportlerinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097054</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097054</guid>
      <author>Arslan, E.</author>
      <author>Ercan, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Menstruation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hormon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fehler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Landung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Risikofaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Richtungswechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Arslan, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ercan, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives
There are complex relationships between hormonal fluctuations associated with the menstrual cycle and various health and sports performance aspects. This study aimed to determine to what extent different menstrual cycle phases associated with a change in error scores in jumping and cutting movements, flexibility, and knee joint laxity values in female athletes.

Methods
Participants were evaluated in the menstruation and ovulation phases of the menstrual cycle. Blood tests were performed from venous blood drawn between 8:00 and 8:30 am, after 12 hours of fasting. LH, FSH, estrogen, and progesterone hormone tests were conducted once during the menstruation phase and once during the ovulation phase. Landing Error Scoring System (LESS), Cutting Movement Assessment Score (CMAS), flexibility, and laxity were taken on the participants. The t-test and the Wilcoxon test were applied to analyze continuous variables. The McNemar test was used to examine categorical variables. The study was completed with 22 female athletes aged 20.45 ± 0.54 years. Participants comprised volleyball (n = 14, 63.6%) and handball (n = 8, 36.4%) athletes. Mean height 167.82 ± 1.52 cm, body weight 56.11 ± 1.43 kg, BMI 19.88 ± 0.33 kg/m2, menarche age 12,95 ± 1,21 menstruation duration 5,77 ± 0,75 (range: 4-7) days, menstrual cycle length was 29,32 ± 2,91 (range: 23-35) days, and the number of menstrual cycles in a year is 12,09 ± 0,25 (range: 10-15).

Results
As a result of the study, estradiol, LH, progesterone, and both knees` laxity values showed a statistically significant increase in the ovulation phase (p < 0.05). No statistically significant difference was observed between the phases in the flexibility test (p > 0.05). When the results of LESS and CMAS were examined, it was found that participants` total error scores and risk categories did not show a statistically significant difference between the phases (p > 0.05).

Conclusion
LESS and CMAS analyses can be conducted and evaluated in both phases of the menstrual cycle, as it has been observed that the analyses yielded similar results in both phases.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die meistzitierten Veröffentlichungen zu snowboardbedingten Kopfverletzungen, Gehirnerschütterungen und der Verteilung von Verletzungen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097055</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097055</guid>
      <author>Gross, B. D.</author>
      <author>Yendluri, A.</author>
      <author>Koehne, N. H.</author>
      <author>Iyer, A. I.</author>
      <author>Patel, A. V.</author>
      <author>Cagle, P. J.</author>
      <author>Parisien, R. L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Snowboarding</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kopf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gehirn</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Forschung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Gehirnerschütterung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gross, B. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yendluri, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Koehne, N. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Iyer, A. I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Patel, A. V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cagle, P. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Parisien, R. L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives
The purpose of this study was to identify the 50 most-cited publications relating to snowboarding and conduct a bibliometric analysis of the identified studies.

Methods
Clarivate Analytics Web of Science database was queried to identify all publication titles, abstracts, and keywords related to snowboarding. The resulting articles were sorted by total number of citations. Titles and abstracts were included based on their relevance to snowboarding. Once the 50 most cited articles were identified, each article was further analyzed to obtain author name, publication year, country of origin, journal name, article type, research topic, competition level, total number of citations, and the level of evidence. Citation density (total number of citations/years since publication) was calculated and recorded for each of the most-cited studies.

Results
The 50 most-cited articles were cited 4,123 times with an average of 82.5 citations per article. The most cited article was cited 212 times. The majority of articles came from 2 different countries, with the United States and Canada contributing 18 and 10 articles, respectively. The American Journal of Sports Medicine published the most articles (n = 11). The most studied topic was injury distribution (n = 25) followed by head injuries (n = 8). Recreational snowboarding was the most studied level of competition (n = 43).

Conclusions
The 50 most-cited articles related to snowboarding are predominantly cohort and review studies from the United States and Canada, focusing on recreational athletes. These articles primarily detail the total anatomic distribution of snowboard-related injuries, particularly head injuries and concussions.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Psychiatrische Behandlungspräferenzen von Sportpsychiatern für Sportlerpatienten aller Wettkampfklassen: Aktualisierung 2024</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 06:03:21 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097056</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097056</guid>
      <author>Reardon, C. L.</author>
      <author>Claussen, M. C.</author>
      <author>Creado, S.</author>
      <author>Currie, A.</author>
      <author>Edwards, C. D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Therapie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rehabilitation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Pharmaka</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Reardon, C. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Claussen, M. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Creado, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Currie, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Edwards, C. D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objectives
Only two small, prior studies ascertained psychiatric treatment preferences for athletes among sports psychiatrists. This study aims to build upon and update those results by describing comprehensive psychiatric treatment preferences and rationales for those preferences, across competitive levels of athletes, among practicing sports psychiatrists.

Methods
In 2024, organizations with large concentrations of sports psychiatrists were provided an invitation regarding an anonymous, web-based survey on psychiatric treatment preferences in working with athletes with mental health symptoms and disorders.

Results
Seventy-five respondents who identified as psychiatrists or psychiatrists in training and who had treated athlete-patients within the past 3 years completed the survey. Top choices of psychiatric medications for athletes included bupropion for depression without anxiety; escitalopram for depression with anxiety, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder; sertraline for obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder; melatonin for insomnia; methylphenidate extended release osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder; aripiprazole for bipolar spectrum disorder (manic/hypomanic phase); lamotrigine for bipolar spectrum disorder (depressive and maintenance/prophylaxis phases); and aripiprazole for psychotic disorders. Regarding side effects, respondents reported being most concerned about sedation/somnolence, weight gain, and reduction in performance. The majority of respondents indicated they order a variety of medical evaluations at least as often or more often with athletes compared to non-athletes. The first choice of psychotherapy setting was individual psychotherapy, followed by family therapy, and then a tie between couples therapy and group therapy. The preferred type of psychotherapy was cognitive behavioral therapy followed by a tie among behavioral therapy, dialectical behavioral therapy, and mindfulness.

Conclusion
Sports psychiatrists tend to prefer medications that are relatively more energizing and less likely to cause weight gain. They undertake medical evaluations for their athlete-patients with relatively great frequency. Their preferred psychotherapy types are skills-based and can be completed within relatively short time-frames.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
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