<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="/sponet/themes/root/assets/xsl/rss.xsl"?>
<rss version="2.0" xmlns:opensearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/" xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/" xmlns:slash="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/slash/">
  <channel>
    <title>Ergebnis für </title>
    <description>Treffer 251 - 300 von 125416</description>
    <generator>Laminas_Feed_Writer 2 (https://getlaminas.org)</generator>
    <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Search/Results?sort=first_indexed+desc%2Cfirst_indexed+desc&amp;limit=50&amp;page=6&amp;type=AllFields&amp;lng=de</link>
    <opensearch:totalResults>125416</opensearch:totalResults>
    <opensearch:startIndex>250</opensearch:startIndex>
    <opensearch:itemsPerPage>50</opensearch:itemsPerPage>
    <atom:link rel="first" type="application/rss+xml" title="Zur ersten Seite springen" href="https://sponet.de/sponet/Search/Results?sort=first_indexed+desc%2Cfirst_indexed+desc&amp;limit=50&amp;view=rss&amp;type=AllFields&amp;lng=de"/>
    <atom:link rel="previous" type="application/rss+xml" title="Zur vorherigen Seite" href="https://sponet.de/sponet/Search/Results?sort=first_indexed+desc%2Cfirst_indexed+desc&amp;limit=50&amp;view=rss&amp;page=5&amp;type=AllFields&amp;lng=de"/>
    <atom:link rel="next" type="application/rss+xml" title="Zur nächsten Seite" href="https://sponet.de/sponet/Search/Results?sort=first_indexed+desc%2Cfirst_indexed+desc&amp;limit=50&amp;view=rss&amp;page=7&amp;type=AllFields&amp;lng=de"/>
    <atom:link rel="last" type="application/rss+xml" title="Zur letzten Seite springen" href="https://sponet.de/sponet/Search/Results?sort=first_indexed+desc%2Cfirst_indexed+desc&amp;limit=50&amp;view=rss&amp;page=2509&amp;type=AllFields&amp;lng=de"/>
    <atom:link rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" href="https://sponet.de/sponet/Search/Results?sort=first_indexed+desc%2Cfirst_indexed+desc&amp;limit=50&amp;view=rss&amp;page=6&amp;type=AllFields&amp;lng=de"/>
    <item>
      <title>Bewertung eines markerfreien Motion-Capture-Systems zur Messung der mechanischen Arbeit bei Tennisschlägen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098241</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098241</guid>
      <author>Emmerson, J.</author>
      <author>Needham, L.</author>
      <author>Williams, S.</author>
      <author>Colyer, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motion Capturing</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>markerless</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Emmerson, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Needham, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Williams, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Colyer, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study evaluated the agreement between markerless motion capture and criterion methods for estimating mechanical work (external and internal) performed during tennis strokes. Sixteen tennis players performed 10 serve, forehand and backhand movements whilst motion data were captured concurrently with a custom 3D markerless system (utilising open-source pose estimation; HRNet and OpenPose) and two criterion methods: marker-based motion capture and ground reaction forces. Centre of mass kinetic and potential energy were calculated and used to compute external mechanical work from all methods, whilst segment kinetic energies were calculated and used to compute internal mechanical work from the kinematic approaches only. Small biases (=4%) and moderate limits of agreement (LoA; ±6-10%) from Bland-Altman analyses indicated strong agreement with the criterion systems for external work across multiple strokes. Although small biases of 4-7% (HRNet) and 1-2% (OpenPose) were observed for internal work, high-frequency artefacts in markerless kinematics (particularly evident for OpenPose) led to high random errors (LoA of ± 8-13% [HRNet] and ± 12-21% [OpenPose]) and large inter-individual differences. Our markerless approach shows promise for measuring external mechanical work during tennis and has the potential to be implemented in the field as a non-invasive tool for on-court workload monitoring.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Das Potenzial der videobasierten, markierungsfreien Bewegungsanalyse zur Untersuchung von sportlichen Höchstleistungen ausschöpfen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098244</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098244</guid>
      <author>Boey, D.</author>
      <author>Girard, O.</author>
      <author>Lee, M.</author>
      <author>Elliott, B.</author>
      <author>Reid, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Motion Capturing</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Video</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>maximal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Bewegungsanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>markerless</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Boey, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Girard, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lee, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Elliott, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Reid, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The ability to access and assess technique of world-class athletes in-competition has long eluded sport biomechanists due to the constraints of 3-dimensional marker-based motion capture systems. Encouragingly, the advent of video-based markerless motion analysis offers the opportunity for unobtrusive capture of sporting performances in-competition. This narrative review explores the progression of markerless systems from laboratory-like to in-competition analysis. It first explores the accuracy of markerless motion analysis for joint kinematics in dynamic and sporting movements. Next, its utility in competition is explored with ways to validate these in-competition set-ups. Existing in-competition set-ups offer a viable foundation for skeletal tracking but still requires rigorous validation. Tennis is proposed as an example where the current in-competition infrastructure may support high-fidelity motion analysis. On top of the advanced hardware (i.e. camera configurations) that has been heavily invested in, software optimization methods proposed in computer vision research (i.e. enhancing data processing efficiency, expanding and refining training datasets with anatomically-accurate labelling and sport-specific data, and increasing the quantity and types of keypoints detected), can potentially improve its accuracy for in-competition analysis. Ultimately, a markerless system rigorously validated under real-world constraints can bridge the gap between accessing and assessing world-class sporting performances for sport biomechanics.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Untersuchung von Veränderungen in der Kinematik von Tacklings und der Beherrschung von belastungsbasierten Tackling-Techniken mithilfe markerloser Bewegungserfassung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098247</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098247</guid>
      <author>Paul, L.</author>
      <author>Marins, Z.</author>
      <author>Davidow, D.</author>
      <author>Rennie, G.</author>
      <author>Patel, A.</author>
      <author>Jones, B.</author>
      <author>Whitehead, S.</author>
      <author>Hendricks, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rugby</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motion Capturing</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>markerless</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Tackling</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Paul, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Marins, Z.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Davidow, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rennie, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Patel, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jones, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Whitehead, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hendricks, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The purpose of this study is to explore how PlayerLoadTM and tackle kinematics change during a simulated tackle in relation to tackle technique proficiency. Twenty amateur male rugby union players performed 12 tackles on a tackle contact simulator while wearing a microtechnology device. Each tackle was video-recorded and analysed using tackler proficiency criteria. Based on the criteria tackles were split into three categories: lower (=7 AU), medium (8 AU) and higher scoring tackles (=9AU). Markerless motion capture was used to derive kinematic variables for each tackle. Kinematic data and PlayerLoadTM variables were analysed between the three different categories. Power of the shoulder at contact in the higher scoring tackles (27.8 [95%Cl: 11.36-44.3]kW) was significantly higher than in the lower scoring tackles (7.9 [5.3-10.5]kW). Force of the shoulder at contact was higher in the lower technique scoring tackles (3.6 [2.6-4.5]kN) than in higher scoring tackles (-2.1 [-0.8-5.1]kN), but in the opposite direction to where the tackle is made. Technically proficient tackles are more powerful because players are applying their force correctly at the point of contact. Despite the higher technical proficiency group being more powerful, the external loads experienced by the player may be similar for all tackles.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sind wir schon da? Eine systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse zur Validität und Reliabilität automatisierter, markierungsfreier Bewegungserfassungssysteme bei Sprungaufgaben</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098249</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098249</guid>
      <author>Ogura, A.</author>
      <author>Florio, E.</author>
      <author>Wileman, T. M.</author>
      <author>Dennison, L.</author>
      <author>Psarakis, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Motion Capturing</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>markerless</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>künstliche Intelligenz</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Tackling</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ogura, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Florio, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wileman, T. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dennison, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Psarakis, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Accurate assessment of jumping is important for sports performance and rehabilitation. While laboratory-based motion capture is considered gold-standard, markerless motion capture (MMC) systems offer an accessible alternative for field and clinical settings. However, their validity and reliability vary, warranting a comprehensive synthesis of current literature. Six databases (CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science) were searched following PRISMA for studies comparing MMC derived kinematics, kinetics or performance with gold-standard measures during vertical or horizontal jump tasks. Twenty studies met inclusion. The meta-analysis for sagittal-plane pooled root mean square error (RMSE) values were 5.3° for hip (95% CI 2.9-7.6°), 4.4° for knee (2.9-5.9°) and 4.9° for ankle (3.9-5.9°). Frontal-plane RMSE values were 3.0° for hip (2.5-3.5°) and 7.5° for ankle (4.1-10.9°). Pooled jump-height bias was -2.9 cm (-8.1 to 2.3 cm). Between-study heterogeneity ranged from low to substantial, with wider prediction intervals for sagittal hip, frontal ankle and jump height. This review suggests that current MMC systems can achieve moderate accuracy for lower limb jump biomechanics, but performance varies widely between systems and contexts. Practitioners should consider system-specific evidence to make informed decisions regarding the suitability of a given system for their needs.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ischämische Präkonditionierung verbessert die Jiu-Jitsu-Leistung leicht</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098211</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098211</guid>
      <author>Santos, I. A.</author>
      <author>Corrêa da Silva, B. V.</author>
      <author>Xavier de Oliveira, D. C.</author>
      <author>Carvalho da Cruz, G. G.</author>
      <author>Puggina, E. F.</author>
      <author>Mota, G. R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Jiu-Jitsu</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>anaerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>ischämische Präkonditionierung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Santos, I. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Corrêa da Silva, B. V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Xavier de Oliveira, D. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Carvalho da Cruz, G. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Puggina, E. F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mota, G. R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to determine whether acute ischemic preconditioning enhances performance in the Jiu-Jitsu anaerobic performance test and its influence on physiological responses in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu fighters. Seventeen male fighters completed two randomized crossover sessions (ischemic preconditioning and placebo). The ischemic preconditioning protocol consisted of three cycles of 5-minute occlusion at 220 mm Hg followed by 5-minute reperfusion. Performance was assessed using the Jiu-Jitsu anaerobic performance test, while physiological markers included the heart rate, blood lactate, muscle oxygenation, countermovement jump, rating of perceived exertion, and session rating of perceived exertion. Ischemic preconditioning increased total repetitions performed in the Jiu-Jitsu anaerobic performance test (p=0.003) and enhanced muscle oxygenation (p<0.0001). Under the placebo condition, the pre-countermovement jump was higher than the post-countermovement jump (p=0.006). However, under the ischemic preconditioning condition, no significant difference was observed between pre- and post-countermovement jump (p=0.99). No significant differences were observed for heart rate or blood lactate (p>0.05). Additionally, ischemic preconditioning reduced the session rating of perceived exertion compared to the placebo (p=0.04), suggesting a lower session rating of perceived exertion. We concluded that acute ischemic preconditioning induces small but significant improvements in performance and muscle oxygenation, while reducing fatigue and session rating of perceived exertion in Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu athletes, supporting its use as an ergogenic aid in training.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Harmstringtraining und Fußballleistung: Systematisches Review und Metaanalyse</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098212</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098212</guid>
      <author>Riego-Ruiz, A.</author>
      <author>Martínez-García, D.</author>
      <author>Chirosa-Ríos, I.</author>
      <author>Chirosa-Ríos, L.</author>
      <author>Contreras-Díaz, G.</author>
      <author>Jerez-Mayorga, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ischiokrurale Muskeln</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Riego-Ruiz, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Martínez-García, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chirosa-Ríos, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chirosa-Ríos, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Contreras-Díaz, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jerez-Mayorga, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The aim of this review was to evaluate the impact of strength training on hamstring muscle strength and physical performance in football players. A systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and the protocol was registered in PROSPERO. A literature search was performed using four electronic databases, such as Web of Science, SCOPUS, SportDiscuss, and PubMed. Randomized controlled trials conducted with football players aged 15 years or older were included. The studies were grouped according to moderating variables such as training protocol and physical performance outcomes. A total of 20 studies met the inclusion criteria for this review, with 10 studies included in the meta-analysis. Strength training programs demonstrated moderate to large effects on both concentric and eccentric strength of the hamstrings and quadriceps, as well as on physical performance measures such as jumping and sprinting. Eccentric overload training produced the most significant benefits in sprint and jump performance. Strength training, particularly eccentric training, significantly improves both the hamstring muscle strength and the physical performance in male football players aged 15 years and older, highlighting its importance for injury prevention and sport performance enhancement. However, additional research is needed to evaluate whether similar benefits can be observed in female players and younger age groups.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Schätzung der kritischen Leistung und der damit verbundenen physiologischen Marker anhand eines einzigen kardiopulmonalen Belastungstests bei trainierten Master-Radsportlern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098213</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098213</guid>
      <author>Galán-Rioja, M. Á.</author>
      <author>González-Mohíno, F.</author>
      <author>Turner, A. P.</author>
      <author>González Ravé, J. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Radsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Parameter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>internal load</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>external load</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>kritische Leistung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Galán-Rioja, M. Á.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>González-Mohíno, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Turner, A. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>González Ravé, J. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to assess the level of agreement between internal (i.e., oxygen uptake, heart rate, or ratings of perceived exertion) and external load markers (power output) at critical power intensity, compared to the first ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point, and maximum oxygen uptake derived from the cardiopulmonary exercise test, and estimate critical power from values derived from the cardiopulmonary exercise test in trained cyclists. Fourteen (13 males and 1 female) road master cyclists completed a cardiopulmonary exercise test to determine the first ventilatory threshold, respiratory compensation point, and maximum oxygen uptake. On a subsequent day, they completed three maximal time-trial tests to estimate critical power and W`. Associated physiological and perceptual values at critical power were estimated from linear regressions applied to the cardiopulmonary exercise test results. Internal and external markers significantly (p<0.05) increased from the first ventilatory threshold to the respiratory compensation point and then maximum oxygen uptake. There were no significant differences between internal and external markers at the respiratory compensation point vs. critical power with strong correlations between responses. However, there was a mean bias for responses at respiratory compensation point markers to overestimate some responses at critical power (power output and oxygen uptake by ~8%). This study shows that critical power can be estimated from a single cardiopulmonary exercise test. While the respiratory compensation point is not a reliable critical power substitute, predictive equations improve its estimation for more precise prescriptions in trained cyclists.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stigmatisierte Gesundheitsthemen im Sport: Ein Aktionsforschungsansatz zur Verbesserung von Wissen und Kommunikation</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098214</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098214</guid>
      <author>Höök, M.</author>
      <author>Knight, C. J.</author>
      <author>McGawley, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mental</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Störung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hormon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Energie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mangel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kenntnisvermittlung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Essstörung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>mentale Gesundheit</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Low Energy Availability</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Wissensvermittlung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Höök, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Knight, C. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>McGawley, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Performance development among adolescent athletes is influenced by various factors besides physical training and recovery, such as mental health, energy availability and hormonal symptoms and dysfunction. Despite the frequency with which these health-related challenges occur in athletes, they are often stigmatised topics of discussion. The current study aimed to design, implement, and evaluate an educational intervention to foster knowledge-sharing and communication about stigmatised health topics among late adolescent athletes (i.e. 16-19 years old) and their coaches. An action research methodology was adopted. Twenty-one athletes (12 female, nine male) and four coaches (two female, two male) engaged in two initial group sessions to develop the educational intervention (the planning phase). The planned intervention comprised a series of workshops exploring 1. relative energy deficiency in sport (REDs), low energy availability (LEA) and eating disorders (EDs), 2. mental health (MH) and 3. female and male sex hormone function. Evaluation utilised pre- and post-questionnaires and small group discussions. The intervention facilitated communication between the athletes and coaches by enhancing knowledge through integrated knowledge delivery and shared experiences. However, despite completing this educational intervention, the athletes continued to find communication about their body weight, EDs, and male hormone function challenging, which needs further evaluation.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wie beeinflussen Ausgangs- und Zielzone sowie der Kontaktpunkt der Annahmespielerin die Ballannahme im Elite-Frauenvolleyball?</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098215</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098215</guid>
      <author>Martínez, E. L.</author>
      <author>López-Serrano, C.</author>
      <author>Gonzalez, C. H.</author>
      <author>Martín, J. H. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Volleyball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Annahme</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Martínez, E. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>López-Serrano, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gonzalez, C. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Martín, J. H. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Reception is a critical determinant of success in elite volleyball, yet the combined influence of serve trajectory and contact point remains underexplored, particularly in women`s competitions. This study analysed how the interaction between serve trajectory (origin and destination zones) and the receiver`s contact point affects reception quality in high-level women`s volleyball. It was hypothesised that receptions performed with middleline contact would achieve higher performance than those executed with lateral or low contacts, regardless of serve trajectory. A total of 39,974 receptions from the Olympic Games and Volleyball Nations League (2021 and 2024) were evaluated using descriptive statistics and logistic regression models (multinomial, binomial, and ordinal). The results showed that receptions after serves from zone 6 and made with contact on the centre line achieved significantly higher performance. In contrast, those directed towards zones 5 and 3, especially with low or lateral contacts, performed worse. When we understand how the serve zone, the reception zone and the point of contact with the ball are connected, reception is no longer seen as a mechanical gesture but as a dynamic process where technique and tactics come together. This understanding guides us towards training and strategies more connected to the essence of the game.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Akute und langfristige Auswirkungen des stroboskopischen Trainings auf die sportliche Leistung: Eine systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098216</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098216</guid>
      <author>Vera, J.</author>
      <author>Cantó-Cerdán, M.</author>
      <author>García-Ramos, A.</author>
      <author>Redondo, B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsentwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Stroboskop</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Vera, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cantó-Cerdán, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>García-Ramos, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Redondo, B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Stroboscopic training is increasingly used to enhance athletes` perceptual and motor skills, but its impact on sport-specific performance remains unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed short- and long-term effects of stroboscopic training on performance metrics, focusing on response accuracy and time. Following PRISMA guidelines (PROSPERO code: CRD420251027637), four databases were searched through April 2025. Studies were eligible if peer-reviewed, in English, and evaluated sport performance during or after stroboscopic training. Risk of bias was assessed with a modified Downs and Black tool. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were computed using fixed- or random-effects models, depending on heterogeneity. Seventeen studies met inclusion criteria. Acute stroboscopic exposure led to moderate performance decrements in response accuracy (SMD = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.19-0.81) and response time (SMD = 0.51; 95% CI: 0.17 to 0.86). In contrast, long-term training produced significant improvements in response accuracy (SMD = -0.71; 95% CI: -1.41 to -0.02) and response time (SMD = -1.10; 95% CI: -2.11 to -0.08), equating to gains of 5.7% and 5.3%, respectively. Stroboscopic training enhances long-term sport-specific performance, whereas despite initial performance decrements during training. These findings highlight its value as a perceptual training strategy in fast-paced sports. Future research should standardise protocols and investigate the underlying neurophysiological mechanisms.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sensorplatzierung zur Sprungklassifizierung im Eiskunstlauf der subelitären Klasse</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098217</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098217</guid>
      <author>Moessing, T.</author>
      <author>Jones, M.</author>
      <author>Klemm, E.</author>
      <author>Caminita, M.</author>
      <author>Ridge, S. T.</author>
      <author>Bruening, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eiskunstlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Inertialmesssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Moessing, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jones, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Klemm, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Caminita, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ridge, S. T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bruening, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Success in figure skating depends on executing complex, rapidly rotating jumps. Training involves repeated practice of specific jump types, requiring a balance between performance gains and the risk of overuse injuries. Tracking jump counts by type helps manage training load, but manual counting is difficult - especially at the sub-elite level with limited resources. Prior work suggests that body-worn inertial measurement units (IMUs) can classify jump types. We investigate how IMU placement and quantity affect classification accuracy, addressing the broader challenge of applying SportsHCI research in real-world settings where practical considerations, like sensor location and count, significantly impact system usability. Our results show that ankle-mounted sensors yield the highest classification accuracy, while wrist-mounted sensors perform the worst. Future work should explore how sensor placement and skater skill level influence jump detection.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der algorithmische Sportler: Ein Aufruf zur Standardisierung der Bewertung von Sensortechnologien und künstlicher Intelligenz</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098218</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098218</guid>
      <author>Dhahbi, W.</author>
      <author>Chamari, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Standardisierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>künstliche Intelligenz</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Dhahbi, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chamari, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Sport science faces a critical challenge in how to properly evaluate artificial intelligence (AI) and wearable technologies that generate training data and recommendations in ways traditional assessment methods cannot capture. Contemporary training programs increasingly incorporate real-time physiological monitoring systems and wearable sensors that generate vast quantities of previously inaccessible data. These data are increasingly being analyzed by machine-learning algorithms and computer-vision platforms.1 AI-enhanced interventions integrate evidence-based algorithms in order to guide training. Laboratory-based testing (eg, VO2peak measurement) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) often inadequately address training interventions characterized by continuous adaptation and individualized outcomes.2 For instance, AI-driven training systems adjust daily workout intensity based on real-time recovery markers, whereas traditional protocols prescribe fixed progressions regardless of individual wellness and readiness to train. This challenge requires new standardization protocols that validate algorithmic systems while ensuring safety and practical utility in real-world training.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Kommentar zu Tzeng et al.: Koffeinhaltiger Kaugummi verbessert die Aktivität des sympathischen Nervensystems und die Leistung im Ringen </title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098219</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098219</guid>
      <author>Petrosyan, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ringen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ergogenes Mittel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Koffein</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Petrosyan, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[I read with interest the article by Tzeng et al1 examining the effects of caffeinated chewing gum on sympathetic nerve activity and simulated wrestling performance. While the study addresses a practically relevant topic and employs a double-blind crossover design, several methodological and conceptual limitations warrant consideration.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Antwort an Tigran Petrosyan: Koffeinhaltiger Kaugummi verbessert die Aktivität des sympathischen Nervensystems und die Leistung im Ringen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098220</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098220</guid>
      <author>Chiu, C.-H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ringen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ergogenes Mittel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Koffein</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Chiu, C.-H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Thank you very much for your discussion on this article. Below are specific responses.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Positions- und zeitliche Intermittenz im Fußball: Ein metabolischer Modellansatz</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098221</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098221</guid>
      <author>Callau-Arbo, N.</author>
      <author>Altarriba-Bartes, A.</author>
      <author>Alonso-Callejo, A.</author>
      <author>Pajon, D.</author>
      <author>Felipe, J. L.</author>
      <author>Lozano, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stoffwechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>anaerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Callau-Arbo, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Altarriba-Bartes, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Alonso-Callejo, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pajon, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Felipe, J. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lozano, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined positional differences in the intermittent nature of efforts during professional football matches and compared two analytical models: one using a fixed metabolic power threshold (Pmet20) and another based on the relationship between oxygen consumption and metabolic power (VO2-Pmet). Data were collected from 24 First Division players in Cyprus across 50 matches during the 2022-2023 season using GPS technology (WIMU Pro System). High and low metabolic load efforts were analyzed. Results showed significant positional differences in both the duration and intensity of high metabolic load efforts and low metabolic load efforts. Compared to the Pmet20 model, the VO2-Pmet method identified approximately twice longer high metabolic load effort durations (˜4.1 vs. 2.1 s) and about 70-150% more detected efforts across positions, together with shorter recovery intervals. A notable decline in low metabolic load effort intensity between halves was linked to reduced performance. These findings highlight the dynamic interplay between aerobic and anaerobic systems in football and emphasize the need for position-specific training. Practical applications include designing training programs that reflect the unique intermittent demands of each position, focusing on both high-intensity efforts and recovery. This study provides a robust framework for understanding the football`s intermittent nature and offers actionable strategies to enhance player performance through tailored conditioning.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Rolle des Sponsorings bei der Förderung der Integrität im Spitzensport: Perspektiven von Verfechtern eines sauberen Sports</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098222</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098222</guid>
      <author>Lebeter, A.</author>
      <author>Bond, A. J.</author>
      <author>Sparkes, A. C.</author>
      <author>Backhouse, S. H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sponsoring</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Doping</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kommerzialisierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Moral</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Fairness</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Lebeter, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bond, A. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sparkes, A. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Backhouse, S. H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examines how elite track and field athletes who advocate for clean sport understand the role of sponsorship in shaping integrity within a commercialised sport context. Drawing on an interpretive qualitative approach, we conducted a secondary analysis of 12 publicly available episodes from the Clean Sport Collective podcast, in which athletes reflect on sponsorship, professionalisation, and ethical challenges in elite sport. Using reflexive thematic analysis, four themes were generated: (1) the impact of commercial pressures on athletes` lived experiences, (2) how sponsorship structures shape perceived performance expectations and doping vulnerabilities, (3) the perceived risks and constraints associated with speaking publicly about doping and other integrity-related concerns, and (4) alternative sponsorship models that prioritise athlete wellbeing. Athletes frequently referenced doping as one salient integrity concern, positioning it as a moral and economic injustice that undermines sporting competition, while also expressing concern about reputational and contractual consequences of addressing integrity issues in public forums. Athletes did not describe personal intentions to use prohibited substances; rather, they articulated how commercial and sponsorship environments can create ethical tensions that disproportionately disadvantage those committed to clean sport. Collectively, the findings highlight the vulnerabilities of athletes within elite sport as they navigate sponsorship systems and point to the potential for sponsors to play a more active role in fostering ethical practice and clean sport cultures.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die aerobe Leistungsfähigkeit ist bei Frauen mit natürlicher Menstruation im Vergleich zu Männern 24 Stunden nach einem anstrengenden aeroben Intervalltraining beeinträchtigt </title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098192</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098192</guid>
      <author>Blough, K.</author>
      <author>Rainsberger, K.</author>
      <author>Freemas, J. A.</author>
      <author>Carter, S. J.</author>
      <author>Baranauskas, M. N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Menstruation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Intervallmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>aerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mangel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschlecht</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Blough, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rainsberger, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Freemas, J. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Carter, S. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Baranauskas, M. N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: To examine potential sex differences in recovery following strenuous aerobic exercise and to assess associations between recovery and symptoms in female exercisers.

Methods: Nine recreationally active/trained males (peak aerobic power [PeakAP] = 4.4 [0.7] W/kg) and 11 females (PeakAP = 4.3 [0.5] W/kg) completed an 8-km cycling time trial (8 kmTT) followed by a time to exhaustion (TTE) glycogen-depletion workout with 2-minute intervals at 90%, 80%, and 70% PeakAP separated by 2-minutes recovery at 50% PeakAP on 3 occasions. Recovery was quantified as finishing time of an 8 kmTT performed 24 hours following each session, adjusted for day 1. Females completed a Menstrual Symptom Index assessing the frequency and severity of 18 commonly experienced symptoms preexercise and postexercise.

Results: After adjusting for day 1, a main effect (P = .024) was observed with females completing the 8 kmTT 18 seconds (3-33 s) slower than males on day 2. Between-sex differences were not observed during the total TTE (P = .990), TTE at 70% PeakAP (P = .571), or 80% PeakAP (P = .421). However, males exhibited a superior TTE at 90% PeakAP, (P = .018). Menstrual Symptom Index scores preexercise (r = .77 [.32-.94], P = .005) and postexercise (r = .66 [.11-.90], P = .026) were associated with 8 kmTT recovery.

Conclusion: Female exercisers may experience a differential recovery compared with males 24 hours after a strenuous bout of aerobic exercise. Such differences may be related to menstrual symptom burden.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Beschleunigungs- und Geschwindigkeitsprofile nach Spielposition im Elite-Frauenhandball: Erkenntnisse aus der EHF-EM 2024 </title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098193</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098193</guid>
      <author>Ramírez, A. G.</author>
      <author>Lozano, D.</author>
      <author>Cartón-Llorente, A.</author>
      <author>Manchado, C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Handball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beschleunigung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ramírez, A. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lozano, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cartón-Llorente, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Manchado, C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: Recent rule changes in team handball have increased the relevance of sprinting and acceleration for performance outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the acceleration-velocity profiles of elite female players during the Final Weekend of the Women`s EURO 2024.

Methods: Sixty-four players from the 4 finalist teams (19 wings, 33 backcourts, and 12 line players) were monitored using a validated Local Positioning System. Data were processed in Python, using dual-pass Butterworth filtering to refine the signal and determine each player`s maximum velocity. Peak acceleration and distance covered at speeds exceeding 4 m/s were calculated, and all running trajectories exceeding 90% of each player`s individual maximum velocity were considered for the final analysis, with a 3-second buffer added before and after each event for descriptive purposes. Results were grouped by playing position and 2 game phases (fast breaks or defensive transitions).

Results: Wings covered significantly greater distances and exhibited higher peak speeds and accelerations than backcourt and line players (P > .001). No significant differences in intensity metrics were found between offensive and defensive transitions; however, the trajectory analysis revealed that maximal-intensity actions occurred nearly twice as often during defensive transitions.

Conclusion: In-competition assessment of individual acceleration-velocity profiles provides valuable insights for coaches seeking to manage high-speed running loads across training sessions or microcycles. Position-specific data may also help design training tasks that more accurately replicate real match demands.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Quantifizierung von Richtungswechseln mit hoher Intensität und einbeinigen Abbremsmanövern zwischen den Gliedmaßen bei Jugendfußballspielen auf Elite-Niveau</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098194</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098194</guid>
      <author>Grant, L.</author>
      <author>Wyon, M.</author>
      <author>Cloak, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Richtungswechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Grant, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wyon, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cloak, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: Soccer requires repeated changes of direction (COD) and single-leg decelerations (SLD), which accrue considerable mechanical stress on the lower limbs. These actions place significant demands on the players` musculoskeletal system. An uneven utilization of these actions between limbs, arising from disparities in neuromuscular control and skill acquisition, may lead to asymmetries and increased injury risk. This study aimed to examine the effects of player position and footedness on the frequency of intense CODs, SLDs, and the total sum of the 2 actions (TOT) performed by the dominant and nondominant foot in elite male youth soccer players.

Methods: Twenty-five elite English youth soccer players were grouped by their playing positions (lateral: full-backs and wide midfielders; central: center defenders, center midfielders, and strikers) and footedness (left or right footed). High-intensity CODs and SLDs were identified using video analysis and GPS data across 6 matches. The frequency and distribution of these actions were analyzed to assess the impact of player position and limb dominance.

Results: No significant differences were found in the percentage distribution of SLDs or TOT between the central and lateral groups. However, central players exhibited a significantly greater imbalance in COD frequency compared with lateral players (51.8% [31.5%] vs 29.9% [31.1%]; P < .05; d = 0.70). Players performed more CODs in the direction opposite to their dominant limb, indicating a preference for using the dominant limb as the plant limb (4.6 [3.2] vs 3.7 [2.6]; P < .05; d = 0.31).

Conclusion: The study highlights the mechanical and positional demands placed on soccer players, with central players showing greater COD frequency asymmetry.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Interindividuelle Unterschiede bei der Anpassung der körperlichen Leistungsfähigkeit an das Tiefensprungtraining bei Volleyballspielern: Eine Studie zum Vergleich von individualisierten und traditionellen Trainingsansätzen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098195</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098195</guid>
      <author>Liu, Y.</author>
      <author>Guo, J.</author>
      <author>Liu, Y.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Volleyball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Tiefsprung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Vergleich</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Guo, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Liu, Y.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of an 8-week depth jump (DJ) plyometric training using individualized (I-DJT) or traditional DJ training (T-DJT) methods on the physical performance adaptations of male volleyball players.

Methods: Twenty-four trained male volleyball players volunteered to participate in the study and were randomly allocated to 3 groups: I-DJT (n = 8), T-DJT (n = 8), and an active control group (n = 8). The T-DJT group underwent an 8-week DJ training from a 45-cm box height, while the I-DJT group integrated DJ training from a personalized box height determined by their power production during the reactive strength index test. Prior to and after the 8-week program, various physical performance variables such as countermovement vertical jump, spike jump, block jump, 10-m sprint, agility T-test, lower-body maximal strength, and the Wingate anaerobic power test were assessed.

Results: After the 8-week training intervention, both training groups observed significant improvements (P = .001) in physical performance, with effect sizes ranging from small to large. A significant group by time interaction (P < .05) indicated that the I-DJT group experienced greater adaptive changes in all physical performance compared with the T-DJT group after the 8-week training period (except block jump). Furthermore, the I-DJT group displayed lower intersubject variability and individual residuals in percent change compared with the T-DJT group.

Conclusion: Individualized DJ training appears to be an effective strategy for enhancing physical performance in volleyball players. By facilitating relatively consistent loading across the training period, it may help to minimize interindividual variability in adaptive outcomes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Impact of drafting on race outcome in the Paris Olympics 1500-m Final: A retrospective analysis of Ingebrigtsen and Hocker using the D' Balance Model</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098196</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098196</guid>
      <author>Bellenger, C. R.</author>
      <author>Mitchell, L.</author>
      <author>Bartram, J. C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mittelstreckenlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eigenname</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Start</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>kritische Geschwindigkeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Pacing</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Bellenger, C. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mitchell, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bartram, J. C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: The men`s athletics 1500-m final of the Paris Olympics was won by Cole Hocker in 3:27.65 minutes:seconds.milliseconds. Interestingly, defending Olympic Champion and prerace favorite Jakob Ingebrigtsen led for ~1450 m before being overran by Hocker, who drafted his way through the race, taking the lead with ~50 m to run. Given the contrasting strategies employed, this study explored the impact of drafting on D' balance and predicted finish times for determining the race outcome between Ingebrigtsen and Hocker.

Methods: Ingebrigtsen and Hocker`s critical speed (in meters per second) and D' (in meters) were calculated from personal best race performances over 1500 to 5000 m. Critical speed and D' were used to calculate prerace 1500 m finish time. One hundred-meter segmental running speeds at the Paris Olympics 1500-m final were used to calculate segmental D' balance for Ingebrigtsen and Hocker before and after the consideration of drafting. Throughout the race, critical speed and D' balance were used to provide updated predicted finish times, with and without the consideration of drafting. The impact of drafting was set at 2.18% of segmental running speed.

Results: Prerace and within-race predicted times (not considering drafting) favored Ingebrigtsen beating Hocker by 4.2 seconds. When considering drafting, within-race predicted times favored Hocker beating Ingebrigtsen at the 1300- and 1400-m segments by 0.1 and 0.4 seconds, respectively.

Conclusions: Without a consideration for drafting, prerace and within-race predicted times favored Ingebrigtsen beating Hocker at the Paris Olympics 1500-m final. However, when drafting was considered, eventual gold medalist Hocker was favored to beat Ingebrigtsen, indicating the potential role that drafting played on this race outcome.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Übereinstimmung, Zusammenhänge und Zuverlässigkeit der Messwerte aus den Tests "Drop Jump", "Countermovement Rebound Jump" und "10/5 Repeated Jump"</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098197</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098197</guid>
      <author>Eadie, R. J.</author>
      <author>Tofari, P. J.</author>
      <author>Chapman, P.</author>
      <author>Cormack, S. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederholungsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messwert</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Countermovement-Sprung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Drop jump</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Validität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Eadie, R. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tofari, P. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chapman, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cormack, S. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: To investigate the validity of reactive strength index (RSI), reactive strength ratio, and vertical stiffness (Kvert) from the countermovement rebound jump and 10/5 repeated jump test against these metrics from the drop jump. We also investigated relationships between RSI, reactive strength ratio, Kvert, and flight time to contraction time within and between protocols. Differences in variables and mechanical components in each jump and reliability of all measures were calculated.

Methods: Twenty-six subjects (18 males, 8 females; age [range]: 20.17 [18.25-31.16] years, weight: 82.20 [64.90-110.30] kg) performed 2 sessions 7 days apart, each consisting of 2 trials of drop jump, countermovement rebound jump, and 10/5 repeated jump test. Bland-Altman limits of agreement were calculated to assess validity. Relationships between outcome metrics (eg, RSI) from different jump types were assessed using Pearson correlations. Differences between variables (eg, flight time) and mechanical components (eg, impulse) from different protocols were assessed using linear mixed models (Cohen d). Between-session reliability was determined as coefficient of variation and intraclass correlation coefficient.

Results: Relationships between protocols for Kvert and RSI/reactive strength ratio were very weak to moderate (r = .11-.58), and ground contact time differed between protocols (d = 0.51-1.26). All variables demonstrated moderate to excellent reliability (coefficient of variation: 3.01-17.19%; intraclass correlation coefficient: .59-.97).

Conclusions: Each outcome metric provides unique information, and differences in variables and mechanical components between protocols suggest distinct movement strategies. Protocols should not be used interchangeably.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Leistungskennzahlen im Frauenfußball der Spitzenklasse: Zusammenhänge zwischen Sprints, Zweikämpfen und Spielergebnissen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098198</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098198</guid>
      <author>Villaseca-Vicuña, R.</author>
      <author>Barrera-Díaz, J.</author>
      <author>Otero-Saborido, F.</author>
      <author>Zabaloy, S.</author>
      <author>Palorames, E.</author>
      <author>Sarmento, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Villaseca-Vicuña, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Barrera-Díaz, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Otero-Saborido, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zabaloy, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Palorames, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sarmento, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: This study aimed to compare and analyze the physical, technical, and tactical performance of players according to match results and to examine the associations between these indicators and match outcomes in official FIFA competitions.

Methods: A total of 299 data samples were collected from 27 elite female players (age: 27 [3.4] y) across 34 official matches between 2018 and 2021. Internal load (ie, rate of perceived exertion) and external load metrics were collected via 10-Hz GPS, which included total distance, high-speed running, player load, number of sprints, accelerations, and decelerations. In addition, technical-tactical performance—number of passes, effective passes, duels, successful duels, and goals scored and conceded—was assessed using InStat software. One-way analysis of variance and multinomial logistic regression were applied.

Results: Lost matches showed a higher rate of perceived exertion, total distance, player load, and decelerations, whereas won matches presented significantly greater high-speed running, effective passes, and duels (P < .05). Match outcome was significantly associated with high-speed running, duels won, and goals scored/conceded.

Conclusions: Losses are associated with greater physical demands but lower technical-tactical efficiency, whereas wins are characterized by more frequent high-intensity actions and greater technical-tactical effectiveness, particularly in passing and duels. These results suggest that, in female football, performance success depends more on the quality of actions than on overall physical exertion.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Zusammenhang zwischen der explosiven Kraft der unteren Extremitäten und der Klettergeschwindigkeit bei Spitzensportlern im Schnellklettern: Eine umfassende Analyse auf der Grundlage von Muskelmorphologie und Elektromyographie </title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098199</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098199</guid>
      <author>Li, M.</author>
      <author>Zhu, Y.</author>
      <author>Peng, Y.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportklettern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Speedklettern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bein</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Explosivkraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>EMG</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Morphologie</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Li, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhu, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Peng, Y.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: This study evaluated how lower-limb explosive strength relates to 15-m speed-climbing performance by combining jump kinetics, muscle morphology, and surface electromyography (sEMG).

Methods: Fifteen Chinese speed climbers (10 men, 5 women) who had placed within the top 3-6 at national-level competitions underwent ultrasound imaging of the rectus femoris (RF) and medial gastrocnemius (GM), and then, in random order, completed unilateral and bilateral squat jumps, countermovement jumps, and a 15-m speed-climbing test. Force plate recorded peak force (Fpeak) and rate of force development (RFD); sEMG yielded integrated EMG for the main lower-limb muscles.

Results: Unilateral and bilateral squat jumps/countermovement jumps Fpeak correlated with climbing speed (r = .63-.77, P = .004-.029). Both right-leg (r = .62, P = .033) and bilateral (r = .62, P = .03) countermovement jumps RFD correlated with speed. Bilateral-jump Fpeak correlated with right-side RF thickness (r = .59-.81, P = .001-.043), whereas bilateral RFD with both GM thickness and fascicle length (r = .58-.63, P = .029-.049). During climbing, speed negatively correlated with left-side RF integrated EMG (r = -.6, P = .041) and positively with bilateral GM integrated EMG (r = .59-.64, P = .026-.045; other muscles P > .05).

Conclusions: Right-leg RF thickness appears to drive Fpeak, and thus climbing speed, whereas GM thickness and fascicle length primarily influence RFD. A contrasting activation pattern (lower RF, higher GM engagement) likely underlies these morphology-performance links. Coaches can target maximal-strength and plyometric training to enlarge the right RF and GM and lengthen GM fascicles, potentially improving speed-climbing performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Saisonale Veränderungen der Leistungs-, physiologischen und kinematischen Faktoren beim maximalen stufenweisen Schwimmen bei Elite-Freiwasserschwimmern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098200</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098200</guid>
      <author>López-Belmonte, Ó.</author>
      <author>Ruiz-Navarro, J. J.</author>
      <author>Baldassarre, R.</author>
      <author>Bonifazi, M.</author>
      <author>Arellano, R.</author>
      <author>Piacentini, M. F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Freiwasserschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Langstrecke</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>López-Belmonte, Ó.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ruiz-Navarro, J. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Baldassarre, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bonifazi, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arellano, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Piacentini, M. F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: Despite the growing global prominence of elite open-water (OW) swimming, little is known about how seasonal variation influences the physiological and kinematic determinants of maximal performance. This study aimed (1) to evaluate the seasonal changes in performance, physiological, and kinematic factors in maximal incremental swimming tests in elite OW swimmers and (2) to examine the influence of physiological and kinematic factors on the maximal swimming performance.

Methods: Eighteen world-class and elite (12 males [25.4 (3.3 y)] and 6 females [26.4 (3.9) y]) OW swimmers voluntarily participated. A total of 57 (40 male and 17 female) intermittent incremental tests (7 × 400 m) in a 50-m pool were analyzed at 4 different moments (October 2022, February and October 2023 and March 2024). Heart rate; blood lactate concentration ([La-]); aerobic (AeT) and lactate thresholds (LT); swimming speed; and stroke rate, length, and index were assessed.

Results: The OW swimmers showed no changes in performance or physiological factors between tests. In males, the stroke length and index changed in both AeT and LT, whereas no kinematic changes were observed in females. The maximum swimming speed was positively associated with speed at AeT and LT in both sexes, while only males showed association between [La-] at LT. Stroke length and index at AeT and LT in males and stroke rate at AeT and LT were positively associated with maximum swimming speed.

Conclusions: Despite stable performance and physiological factors, seasonal changes in stroke technique highlight the importance of monitoring kinematics to guide training or competition of elite swimmers.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Unterschiede in Kraft und Leistung der unteren Extremitäten bei Elite-Eishockeyspielern mit und ohne asymptomatische Verdickung der Patellasehne; einseitige und beidseitige Vergleichsanalyse</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098201</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098201</guid>
      <author>Augustsson, S. R.</author>
      <author>Persson, L. O.</author>
      <author>Pojskic, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Eishockey</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bein</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sehne</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Patellasehne</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Augustsson, S. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Persson, L. O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pojskic, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Introduction:
Existing research shows that while patellar tendinopathy in ice hockey players is linked to cumulative mechanical overload, structural tendon changes such as thickening or degeneration do not reliably correspond to pain or performance deficits, leaving the functional impact of asymptomatic tendon pathology unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify differences in lower-extremity strength and power between elite ice hockey players with and without patellar asymptomatic tendon thickening using unilateral and bilateral comparisons.

Methods:
This cross-sectional study combined clinical screening, performance testing, and ultrasound imaging to characterize patellar tendon structure and lower-extremity function. Players were objectively classified into healthy (n = 8), unilateral (n = 8), or bilateral patellar asymptomatic tendon thickening (n = 12) groups based on patellar tendon thickness and width. Strength and power outcomes were assessed under controlled conditions and normalized to body mass to allow fair between-group comparisons. Isokinetic concentric strength was evaluated during a split squat performed on a robotic resistance device, while peak power output was measured using a six-second all-out cycling test on a calibrated ergometer.

Results:
Relative power output was significantly higher in the healthy group (20.3 ± 1.7 W·kg-¹) compared with the bilateral patellar asymptomatic tendon thickening group (18.6 ± 1.1 W·kg-¹; p = 0.047), whereas no between-group differences were observed for relative peak force or absolute power (all p > 0.45). No significant left-right differences in peak force were detected within any group (all p = 0.12).

Discussion:
Asymptomatic bilateral patellar tendon thickening was associated with a modest but significant reduction in relative power output in elite hockey players, whereas unilateral tendon changes did not impair performance. These findings suggest that bilateral structural tendon alterations may negatively influence power-generating capacity even in the absence of clinical symptoms.

Clinical Trial Registration:https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT07356596, PROSPERO NCT073566.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Pioniere und Paradigmen in der Sprintforschung: Ein thematischer historischer Kurzüberblick</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098202</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098202</guid>
      <author>Li, J.</author>
      <author>Xiao, X.</author>
      <author>Fan, Y.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Forschung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportgeschichte</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Li, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Xiao, X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fan, Y.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This mini review traces the historical evolution of sprint science by examining the pivotal contributions of key figures across interconnected disciplines. Focusing on thematic developments, this paper investigates how physiological foundations, biomechanical analysis, strength theory, quantitative approaches, and applied coaching practice have collectively shaped the discipline. Specifically, this synthesis highlights the physiological bioenergetics mapped by Archibald Vivian Hill, the foundational coaching methodologies of Sam Mussabini and Clyde Hart, the kinematic and biomechanical innovations of Ralph Mann and Richard Neil Hinrichs, the quantitative strength theories of Vladimir Mikhailovich Zatsiorsky, and the ground reaction force paradigms established by Peter Weyand. By chronologically synthesizing these advancements, the review illustrates that the maturation of sprint science did not follow a singular linear trajectory. Instead, the field emerged through the complex, synergistic integration of diverse knowledge domains. Ultimately, this synthesis suggests that future advancements in sprint science will depend upon the continued cross-pollination of these disciplines, particularly through the potential adoption of AI-driven models of data analysis to optimize performance outcomes and establish a more rigorous, evidence-based scientific framework.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Glukosedynamik beim Ultramarathonlauf: Ein mehrphasiges Modell und Schlussfolgerungen für Glukoseanstiege in der Endphase</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098203</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098203</guid>
      <author>Ishihara, K.</author>
      <author>Kosaka, H.</author>
      <author>Taniguchi, H.</author>
      <author>Kakizaki, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Marathonlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kohlenhydrat</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stoffwechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Glukose</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Insulin</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ishihara, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kosaka, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Taniguchi, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kakizaki, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Ultramarathon running is characterized by extreme duration and substantial physiological stress, making individualized nutritional strategies essential for performance and completion. This mini-review examines glucose dynamics during ultramarathon running using continuous glucose monitors (CGMs) and proposes a conceptual multi-phase framework. Glucose dynamics during ultramarathon running can be conceptualized into three phases. The first phase is characterized by transient elevations in blood glucose. In the second phase, a gradual decline in blood glucose is observed. The third phase is characterized by an increase in glucose variability, leading to transient elevations in blood glucose. Importantly, late-stage increases in blood glucose levels cannot be fully explained by conventional determinants such as carbohydrate intake or exercise intensity. Potential mechanisms underlying these observations include changes in substrate utilization and cumulative inflammatory stress. These changes may impair glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and contribute to a mismatch between glucose availability and utilization. Although direct evidence remains limited, CGMs may provide a useful tool for identifying overall trends in glucose dynamics and supporting individualized nutritional strategies during ultramarathon running.
]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Methodische Überlegungen zur Untersuchung mittels Nahinfrarotspektroskopie bei Kletterern: Einfluss der Morphologie des Unterarms und der Platzierung der Optoden</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098204</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098204</guid>
      <author>Vandenhaute, S.</author>
      <author>Podlipný, O.</author>
      <author>Cikotová, E.</author>
      <author>Forrer, T.</author>
      <author>Baláš, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportklettern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Arm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Untersuchungsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Methodologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>NIRS</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Vandenhaute, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Podlipný, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cikotová, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Forrer, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Baláš, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Introduction:
Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been widely used in rock-climbing research to assess muscle oxygenation (StO2) in the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP). However, the deep anatomical location of the FDP, combined with the maximum penetration depth of ~20 mm for most NIRS devices, raises uncertainty regarding whether the currently used optode placement is adequate for studying the FDP. This study aimed to characterize forearm morphology in climbers and examine the effect of NIRS optode placement on haemodynamic outcomes.

Methods:
This study comprised two parts. In Part 1 (n = 28), adipose tissue thickness (ATT), flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) thickness, and FDP thickness were measured at three forearm sites (proximal, reference, and distal; 20 mm spacing) in supination and pronation using ultrasound. The reference site was defined as 33% of the distance between the medial epicondyle and lunate. Part 2 (n = 22) consisted of a vascular occlusion and incremental finger flexor endurance test with NIRS optodes positioned either perpendicular or parallel to the FDP fibres. The outcomes included half-time recovery of reoxygenation (StO2 HTR) from the vascular occlusion test, reoxygenation between contractions during the first (StO2 relief—first) and final stages (StO2 relief—last), and mean oxygenation (StO2 mean) during the incremental test.

Results:
The FDS-FDP border was located 17.6 ± 4.0 mm deep, indicating that the FDS dominated the near-infrared signal. During the incremental test, StO2 relief—last was 2.7 ± 2.9% lower (p < 0.001, g = 0.87) and StO2 mean was 5.5 ± 3.4% higher (p < 0.001, g = 1.56) with perpendicular optode orientation than with parallel optode orientation. StO2 HTR and StO2 relief—first were not different between optode orientations (p = .145, g = 0.33; p = 0.799, rrb = 0.06).

Discussion:
In conclusion, only a small portion of the FDP lies within the NIRS penetration depth. StO2 reoxygenation between contractions was more pronounced when the optodes were aligned parallel to the muscle fibres, although this was observed only at moderate intensities. Based on these findings, we recommend positioning the NIRS optodes over the reference site, aligning them parallel to the muscle fibres, and using the term "flexores digitorum" when referring to the muscles under investigation.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Hitzeunverträglichkeit: Die Herausforderung der Rückkehr zum Dienst nach einem Belastungshitzeschlag</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098205</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098205</guid>
      <author>Song, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Temperatur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Krankheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Diagnostik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rehabilitation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Hitzschlag</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Hitze</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Song, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Exertional heatstroke, a critical and severe condition precipitated by intense physical exertion in high-temperature settings, frequently culminates in a protracted state of heat intolerance among athletes and military personnel. This condition not only jeopardizes individual health but also impedes their capacity to resume their duties. Emerging research indicates that the chronic heat intolerance that follows exertional heatstroke is markedly distinct from the pathophysiological trajectories of acute heat injury, encompassing intricate alterations across various systems and levels. The present paper provides a comprehensive narrative review of the underlying mechanisms of heat intolerance post-exertional heatstroke, along with the diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies for heat endurance rehabilitation. Furthermore, it scrutinizes the shortcomings inherent in current diagnostic and therapeutic methodologies and anticipates future research trajectories, with the ultimate goal of enhancing the return-to-duty efficiency of individuals who have suffered from heatstroke.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen eines als befähigend empfundenen Motivationsklimas auf die Zielregulationsprozesse von Sportlern: Eine Längsschnittanalyse</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098206</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098206</guid>
      <author>Martínez-González, N.</author>
      <author>Atienza, F. L.</author>
      <author>Balaguer, I.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motivation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Martínez-González, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Atienza, F. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Balaguer, I.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study explores how athletes` perceptions of empowering climates can influence athletes` goal regulatory processes over the competitive season. The purpose of this research was to test, using a longitudinal design, the relationship between athletes` perceptions of an empowering climate, goal motives, and goal-directed effort. A total of 112 university athletes (M = 20.90; SD = 2.79) completed a multi-section questionnaire at two time points during the season. Changes in perceptions of an empowering motivational climate positively predicted changes in autonomous goal motives (but not controlled ones), which in turn led to positive changes in goal-directed effort. These results suggest that athletes who perceive a climate of empowerment on the part of their coach tend to pursue goals autonomously, leading to greater effort directed towards those goals. Overall, the findings provide information on the implications of athletes` perception of the empowering climates created by their coaches for the autonomous motivation underlying their goals, as well as for enhancing their effort sustainability and facilitating their goal attainment in high-level sporting contexts. In addition, the study supports the positive implications of perceived empowering climates in relation to athletes` pursuit of adaptive goals when examined over time.


HIGHLIGHTS

    Empowering climates created by coaches, through the promotion of autonomous goal motives, enhance athletes` goal-directed effort over time.

    Fluctuations in the motivational climate during the competitive season have significant implications for athletes` goal regulatory processes.

    Pursuing goals for autonomous reasons (self-concordant goals) fosters greater effort in athletes for goal attainment, while controlled motivation fails to sustain goal-directed effort.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Das lokomotorische Profil beeinflusst die physiologischen und laufspezifischen Anpassungen nach sechs Wochen hochintensiven Intervalltrainings oder Sprintintervalltrainings bei männlichen und weiblichen Läufern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098207</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098207</guid>
      <author>Thron, M.</author>
      <author>Sondermann, Y.</author>
      <author>Ruf, L.</author>
      <author>van Hooren, B.</author>
      <author>Düking, P.</author>
      <author>Wehdemeier, L.</author>
      <author>Buday, L.</author>
      <author>Woll, A.</author>
      <author>Altmann, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Intervallmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>O2-Aufnahme</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>HIIT</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>SIT</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Thron, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sondermann, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ruf, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>van Hooren, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Düking, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wehdemeier, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Buday, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Woll, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Altmann, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: High-intensity interval training (HIIT) and sprint interval training (SIT) can improve physiological (eg, maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max]) and locomotor (eg, maximal aerobic speed, MAS; maximal sprinting speed, MSS) variables. However, the influence of an athlete`s locomotor profile on training adaptations to HIIT and SIT remains unclear. We aimed to (1) compare physiological and locomotor adaptations to HIIT and SIT and (2) assess how locomotor profiles affect these adaptations. Methods: Twenty-seven trained male and female runners (27.7 [7.5] y; n = 12 women) completed 6 weeks of HIIT (4-6 × 4 min @90%-95% MAS) or SIT (6-10 × 20-s all-out sprints), performed twice weekly. Pretest and posttests included 40-m sprinting (MSS) and incremental treadmill tests (VO2max, MAS, lactate thresholds [eg, v4mmo]). Anaerobic speed reserve was calculated as MSS minus MAS and speed reserve ratio as MSS divided by MAS. Linear mixed models and moderation analyses were performed. Results: Both HIIT and SIT significantly improved MAS (P <= .03). While only SIT enhanced MSS (interaction: P < .01), HIIT increased v4mmol (P < .01). In both groups, speed types (ie, higher speed reserve ratio and anaerobic speed reserve) showed greater MAS (P < .01) and v4mmol increases (P < .05) than endurance types (ie, lower speed reserve ratio and anaerobic speed reserve). Within the SIT group, endurance types improved MSS (P < .01) and VO2max more, while speed types increased VO2max more with HIIT (interaction: P <= .03). Conclusion: HIIT and SIT improve endurance outcomes in trained runners. Adaptations vary depending on locomotor profile, with speed types responding better to HIIT and endurance types benefiting more from SIT. Accordingly, individualizing training by locomotor profile may optimize outcomes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Rudern bei den Olympischen Spielen 2028 in Los Angeles: Leistung über 1500 m im Vergleich zu 2000 m und die Vorhersagegenauigkeit eines Critical-Speed-Modells</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098208</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098208</guid>
      <author>Astridge, D. J.</author>
      <author>Peeling, P.</author>
      <author>Goods, P. S. R.</author>
      <author>Girard, O.</author>
      <author>Binnie, M. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rudern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Sommerspiele 2028</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prognose</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>U23</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Astridge, D. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Peeling, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Goods, P. S. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Girard, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Binnie, M. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: In preparation for the reduced 1500-m-rowing racing distance at the Los Angeles 2028 Olympic Games, we compared performance between maximal 2000-m (TT2000) and 1500-m (TT1500) ergometer time trials and evaluated the predictive accuracy of a linear critical speed (CS) model in elite rowers. Methods: Thirty-four elite under-23 rowers (12 female, 22 male) completed TT2000, TT1500, and 500-m (TT500) maximal ergometer time trials on separate days. Performance differences between TT2000 and TT1500 were assessed using linear mixed modeling. Completion times from TT2000 and TT500 were used in a CS model to predict TT1500 time. Results: Compared with TT2000, mean power output was 4.8% higher in males and 4.4% higher in females during TT1500, with a 26% reduction in completion time across both groups. The CS model using TT500 and TT2000 accurately predicted TT1500 time for both sexes, with a mean absolute error of <1 second, a standard error of estimate of 2.8 seconds, and a coefficient of variation of 0.5%. A near-perfect correlation existed between actual and predicted TT1500 times (R = .99). Conclusions: This simple CS model, based on standard tests, allows practitioners to track 1500-m performance progression without disrupting preparation for 2000-m events, which remain central to international competition throughout the Los Angeles 2028 Olympic Games quadrennial. Performance times in TT1500 indicate that elite rowers likely require further specific preparation to optimize performance over the reduced Olympic racing distance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die potenzielle Rolle der VCO2peak bei der Beurteilung von Athleten: Überlegungen zum Untersuchungsprotokoll</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098209</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098209</guid>
      <author>Ozkaya, O.</author>
      <author>As, H.</author>
      <author>Peker, A.</author>
      <author>Burnley, M.</author>
      <author>Jones, A. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>CO2</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beurteilung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Methodik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>aerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>anaerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stoffwechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Laktat</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Ozkaya, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>As, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Peker, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Burnley, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jones, A. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: It is possible that, under certain circumstances and with appropriate caveats, the highest rate of carbon dioxide output during exercise (VCO2peak) could be valuable in the physiological evaluation of athletes. The aim of this study was to compare a ramp incremental test, a 30-second Wingate test, and a 3-minute all-out test to identify the protocol that provides the highest VCO2peak value. Methods: Twelve physically active males completed the 3 tests in random order on a cycle ergometer. Breath-by-breath cardiorespiratory responses were measured before the onset of exercise, throughout the exercise sessions, and during the first 15 minutes of recovery to determine the highest 15-second mean VCO2 responses. Capillary blood lactate concentration ([lactate]) was assessed at rest and postexercise to determine peak delta [lactate]. Results: The VCO2peak was significantly greater in the 3-minute all-out test (64 [5] mL·min-1·kg-1) than in both the incremental exercise test (57 [5] mL·min-1·kg-1; P < .001) and the Wingate test (53 [8] mL·min-1·kg-1; P < .001). Peak delta [lactate] was higher in the 3-minute all-out test (15.9 [2.7] mM) than the ramp test (11.9 [2.6] mM; P < .05) but did not differ from the Wingate test (13.3 [2.6] mM; P > .05). Conclusion: These findings indicate that the VCO2peak was approximately 12% to 21% higher in the 3-minute all-out test compared with the incremental exercise test and the Wingate test. Future considerations of a possible role for VCO2peak in the physiological evaluation of athletes should ensure that an appropriate test protocol, such as the 3-minute all-out test, is used for its assessment.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Höhere Laktatwerte für bessere Leistungen? Eine longitudinale Fallstudie einer hochtrainierten Schwimmerin</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098210</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098210</guid>
      <author>Kabasakalis, A.</author>
      <author>Karga, M.-R.</author>
      <author>Mougios, V.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Laktat</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Optimierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rückenschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kabasakalis, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Karga, M.-R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mougios, V.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: To longitudinally investigate the relationship of blood lactate concentration (BLC) and performance in the 50- and 100-m backstroke swimming events of a highly trained female swimmer. Methods: We gathered BLC and performance data from 18 50-m and 24 100-m backstroke races of a highly trained national-level female swimmer over 6 years (age 14-20). We measured BLC with a portable analyzer and calculated swimming speed from the official results. We checked the data distribution with the Shapiro-Wilk test and performed Pearson correlation analysis, followed by partial correlation analysis. We used Student t test for independent observations to compare BLC between the 2 events. Statistical significance was declared at P < .05. Results: The BLC was 15.5 (2.7) mmol·L-1 (mean [SD] throughout) after the 50-m races and 16.5 (1.8) mmol·L-1 after the 100-m races. No significant difference was found in BLC between the 2 events (P = .127). We found a significant correlation between BLC and swimming speed at both 50 m (P = .018, r = .548) and 100 m (P = .012, r = .503), as well as between age and speed at 50 m (P = .001, r = .721) and between age and BLC at 100 m (P = .039, r = .424). When controlling for age, BLC and speed correlated significantly at 100 m (P = .034, r = .444) but not at 50 m (P = .113, r = .399). Discussion: High BLC favored the performance of the highly trained female swimmer, especially in the 100-m event. Thus, training to promote anaerobic metabolism may enhance performance in short-distance swimming races, whereas the BLC may partly explain performance in such events.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Akute und verzögerte Auswirkungen sexueller Aktivität auf die sportliche Leistung: Eine Übersichtsstudie unter Berücksichtigung von Geschlecht, Alter und ethnischer Zugehörigkeit </title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098224</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098224</guid>
      <author>Dhahbi, W.</author>
      <author>Briki, W.</author>
      <author>Dergaa, I.</author>
      <author>Slim, I.</author>
      <author>Omri, A. E.</author>
      <author>Pyne, D. B.</author>
      <author>Saad, H. B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hormon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Dhahbi, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Briki, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dergaa, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Slim, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Omri, A. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pyne, D. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Saad, H. B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: The effects of sexual activity on athletic performance have been debated for centuries, with traditional abstinence beliefs lacking scientific foundation. We sought to map existing literature examining acute and delayed effects of sexual activity on athletic performance, and identify knowledge gaps across mechanistic pathways.

Methods: Sexual activity encompassed intercourse, masturbation, or orgasm-culminating activities. Performance outcomes included strength, endurance, power, speed, reaction time, and sport-specific skills. This scoping review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. Searches covered PubMed/Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO (inception-July 2025). Population-Concept-Context framework guided study selection. Extracted data covered demographics, performance modalities, timing, and mechanisms. Narrative synthesis addressed heterogeneity.
]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Stärkere Beine bedeuten höhere Sprünge? Eine Untersuchung des Einflusses der maximalen isometrischen Kraft auf die Vertikalsprungleistung bei Leistungssportlerinnen im Handball und Basketball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098226</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098226</guid>
      <author>García-Sánchez, C.</author>
      <author>Nieto-Acevedo, R.</author>
      <author>Romero-Moraleda, B.</author>
      <author>Lominchar-Ramos, J. M.</author>
      <author>Jiménez-Ormeño, E.</author>
      <author>Alonso-Aubín, D. A.</author>
      <author>Soriano, M. A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Handball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>isometrisch</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Vertikalsprung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>García-Sánchez, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nieto-Acevedo, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Romero-Moraleda, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lominchar-Ramos, J. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jiménez-Ormeño, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Alonso-Aubín, D. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Soriano, M. A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective: The aim of this study was to (1) explore differences in countermovement jump (CMJ) force-time metrics between stronger and weaker female handball and basketball players, (2) examine relationships between isometric midthigh pull (IMTP) peak force and CMJ metrics, and (3) produce reference values for CMJ and IMTP metrics.

Methods: A cross-sectional design was used with 125 competitive female players (74 handball and 51 basketball). Each player performed 2 trials of IMTP and 3 of CMJ using force plates. Based on IMTP relative net peak force, players were split into stronger (n = 62) and weaker (n = 63) groups using a median split analysis. Differences between groups were analyzed with independent t tests and Hedge g effect sizes, and Pearson correlations were calculated to assess associations between IMTP peak force and CMJ force-time metrics for stronger and weaker players separately.

Results: Stronger players demonstrated large and moderate differences in jump height (0.30 [0.04] vs 0.26 [0.04] m; P < .001; effect size = 0.95, large) and modified reactive strength index (0.47 [0.09] vs 0.41 [0.08] a.u.; P < .001; effect size = 0.67, moderate), respectively. Moreover, moderate to strong correlations were found between IMTP peak force and CMJ propulsive net impulse and braking net impulse (r = .495-.647, P < .001).

Conclusions: These results highlight the association between maximal isometric strength and vertical jump performance in handball and basketball players. Strength and conditioning coaches may design and implement training programs that focus on developing and preserving maximal strength throughout the season to potentially support jump performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Von brasilianischen Elite-Sprinttrainern angewandte Aufwärmmethoden: Praktische Erkenntnisse aus einer landesweiten Umfrage</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098227</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098227</guid>
      <author>Loturco, I.</author>
      <author>Pereira, L. A.</author>
      <author>Mercer, V. P.</author>
      <author>Fernandes, V.</author>
      <author>Moura, T. B. M. A.</author>
      <author>Boullosa, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aufwärmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Loturco, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pereira, L. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mercer, V. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fernandes, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Moura, T. B. M. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Boullosa, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the warm-up strategies currently adopted by Brazilian sprint coaches working with national- and international-level sprinters.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional survey was conducted with 31 sprint coaches. The structured, prevalidated questionnaire included 40 items addressing warm-up objectives, structure, duration, monitoring, barriers, and the use of preactivation and post-activation performance enhancement strategies.

Results: Sprint coaches emphasized physiological and neuromuscular objectives such as increasing muscle temperature, blood flow, and motor unit recruitment, alongside mental readiness. Warm-ups typically combined mobility activities, dynamic stretching, accelerations, and sprint-specific drills. Almost all coaches (97%) perceived warm-up routines as performance-enhancing, with 90% recognizing their role in injury prevention. Most coaches (68%) incorporated post-activation performance enhancement strategies, mainly using short sprints and plyometrics, while 81% implemented precompetition preparation routines 6 to 48 hours before competition. Subjective tools like rate of perceived exertion were the primary methods for intensity monitoring, and warm-up protocols were frequently individualized.

Conclusions: Brazilian sprint coaches employ multifactorial, individualized, and evidence-informed warm-up strategies that align with scientific recommendations. Despite contextual barriers, such as limited facilities, and athlete motivation coaches effectively integrate post-activation performance enhancement and priming strategies to optimize sprint performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Entropiebasierte Analyse der Rudertechnik: Auswirkungen der Schlagfrequenz und Konsequenzen für die Leistung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098228</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098228</guid>
      <author>Gao, Y.</author>
      <author>Wei, X.</author>
      <author>Chen, X.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rudern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Frequenz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Variabilität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Schlagfrequenz</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>motorische Fähigkeiten</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gao, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wei, X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chen, X.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: The study aimed to (1) investigate the influence of different stroke rates on movement variability (MV), defined as normal variations in repeated motions, and (2) explore the relationship between MV and rowing performance.

Methods: Twenty-one elite male rowers (24.3 [3.1] y, 192.6 [5.6] cm, 90.7 [11.5] kg) performed 90-second submaximal intensity rowing bouts at 20, 26, and 34 strokes per minute (spm) on a static ergometer. Acceleration and joint angles collected from inertial sensors were used to measure MV through Sample Entropy. A 2000-m time trial was conducted to assess rowing performance.

Results: Stroke rate significantly increased the SD of stroke power (P = .001, n2p=.198) and Sample Entropy value of handle acceleration (P < .001, n2p=.407), hip (P < .001, n2p=.733), knee (P < .001, n2p=.806), ankle (P < .001, n2p=.716), and elbow (P < .001, n2p=.759) joint angles. Across all stroke rates, the hip consistently exhibited higher Sample Entropy than knee, ankle, and elbow. Greater variability in handle acceleration at 20 spm (r = -.626, P = .002) and 26 spm (r = -.581, P = .006), knee angle at 20 spm (r = -.531, P = .013), and elbow angle at 20 spm (r = .511, P = .021) correlated with better ergometer performance.

Conclusions: Stroke rate plays a key role in modulating MV and technique in elite rowers, with higher stroke rate requiring more movement adaptation to maintain stroke power. Entropy measures may serve as a valuable tool for practitioners to assess and optimize rowing performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Untersuchung des Schlafs und der nächtlichen Physiologie bei Spitzensportlerinnen und Freizeitsportlerinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098229</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098229</guid>
      <author>Pearson, M. A.</author>
      <author>Weakley, J. J. S.</author>
      <author>Leota, J.</author>
      <author>Johnston, R. D.</author>
      <author>Roach, G. D.</author>
      <author>Sargent, C.</author>
      <author>Halson, S. L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schlaf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Freizeitsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Qualität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Quantität</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Pearson, M. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Weakley, J. J. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Leota, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Johnston, R. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Roach, G. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sargent, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Halson, S. L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: To describe objective sleep quantity and quality and nocturnal physiological measures in elite and recreational female athletes and compare between and within groups on weekdays and weekends.

Methods: Sleep was assessed over 4 to 8 nights (mean [SD]: 7 [1] nights) in 21 elite and 27 recreational athletes using partial polysomnography in their home environment. Linear mixed models compared measures between groups and day (weekends: Friday and Saturday night, weekdays: Sunday to Thursday night).

Results: Sleep variables were similar between groups. Elite athletes obtained a lower minimum heart rate (estimate ± SE: -5 ± 2 beats/min, Cohen effect size: d = -0.3 ± 0.3, significance: P = .03) and blood oxygen saturation (-1.4 ± 0.7%, d = -0.3 ± 0.3, P = .045) than recreational athletes. On weekdays, elite athletes obtained a greater percentage of nonrapid eye movement stages 1 and 2 sleep (light sleep: 4 ± 1.2%, d = 0.2 ± 0.1, P = .001) and a lower percentage of rapid eye movement sleep (-2.4 ± 1.2%, d = -0.1 ± 0.1, P = .04) than on weekends. On weekdays, both elite and recreational athletes obtained earlier sleep onset time than on weekends (elite mean ± SD: 22:38 [1:03] hh:mm vs 22:52 [1:45] hh:mm, d = -0.24 ± 0.12, P = .001; recreational 22:11 [0:59] hh:mm vs 22:41 [1:16] hh:mm, d = -0.19 ± 0.12, P = .002). Only recreational athletes obtained earlier sleep offset times (5:37 [1:27] hh:mm vs 6:23 [1:10] hh:mm, d = -0.19 ± 0.12, P = .002) on weekdays than on weekends.

Conclusions: Sleep outcomes did not vary by athlete level, but nocturnal physiological measures did. Sleep outcomes also differed within each group between weekends and weekdays, suggesting strategies may be required to minimize sleep irregularity.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Wirksamkeit von Sprints ohne Widerstand im Vergleich zu Sprints mit starkem Widerstand auf die Sprintgeschwindigkeit, das Kraftdefizit und Kraft-Zeit-Parameter bei jugendlichen Rugbyspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098231</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098231</guid>
      <author>Zabaloy, S.</author>
      <author>Pereira, L. A.</author>
      <author>Gálvez-González, J.</author>
      <author>Tondelli, E.</author>
      <author>Alcaraz, P. E.</author>
      <author>Freitas, T. T.</author>
      <author>Loturco, I.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rugby</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Widerstand</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mangel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Zabaloy, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pereira, L. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gálvez-González, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tondelli, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Alcaraz, P. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Freitas, T. T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Loturco, I.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: Although both unresisted sprint training (UST) and resisted sprint training (RST) are widely used in rugby and other team sports, evidence comparing their specific effects on neuromuscular adaptations and strength-related measures is still limited. This study aimed to analyze the effects of two sprint training programs—UST and RST, using 50% of body mass—on secondary outcome measures and force-time characteristics obtained from the squat one-repetition maximum (squat 1RM-strength), associated strength deficits (SDef from 40% to 90% 1RM), isometric squat, Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE), and jump performance in youth rugby players.

Methods: Thirty-five under-19 male rugby players (age: 17.3 ± 0.9 y) volunteered to participate in the study. Players completed the following assessments: (1) UST during a 30-m sprint; (2) isometric squat and squat 1RM-strength; and (3) hamstring eccentric strength via the NHE and countermovement jump tests.

Results: Only the UST group showed moderate improvements in 30-m sprint speed (ES = -0.77, 95% CI, -1.43 to 0.07, P < .05). In the isometric squat, both groups demonstrated small-to-moderate increases in force at 200 milliseconds (ES = -0.83 to -0.64, P < .05). In the NHE, the RST group showed large increases in torque and average force across both legs (P < .001, ES = -1.73 to -1.28). Similarly, in the UST group, large increases were observed in NHE average force across both legs (P = .008, ES = -0.99 to -0.92), while NHE impulse was moderately reduced only in the right leg (ES = 0.71, 95% CI, 0.06 to 1.33, P = .031).

Conclusions: Our findings indicate that both UST and RST can be effectively implemented during short in-season periods to maintain sprint performance and strength-related capacities in youth rugby players, especially when time for resistance training is limited or cannot be prioritized. Coaches may therefore select either method according to the specific context, time constraints, and player needs.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bewertung der Genauigkeit von markerloser Bewegungserfassung mit mehreren Kameras - sowohl im Stadion als auch mit tragbaren Systemen - für die Kinematik und Kinetik des Baseball-Pitchings</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098250</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098250</guid>
      <author>Aguinaldo, A. L.</author>
      <author>Cardinale, T.</author>
      <author>La Salle, D. T.</author>
      <author>Escamilla, R. F.</author>
      <author>Buffi, J. H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Motion Capturing</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Video</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wearable</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Baseball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>markerless</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kinetik</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Pitching</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Validität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Aguinaldo, A. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cardinale, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>La Salle, D. T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Escamilla, R. F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Buffi, J. H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Markerless (ML) motion capture has emerged as a viable option to marker-based (MB) motion capture in estimating movement biomechanics, but limited data exists on the accuracy of ML systems during high-speed throwing. This study evaluated the accuracy and reliability of an in-stadium (Hawk-Eye) and a portable (Theia3D) ML motion-capture system in quantifying baseball pitching kinematics and kinetics relative to an MB reference. Eighteen collegiate pitchers were simultaneously recorded using all three systems. Mean per-joint position error (MPJPE), statistical parametric mapping (SPM), root mean square error (RMSE), Bland-Altman analysis, and concordance correlation coefficients (CCC) were used to assess agreement. Both ML systems demonstrated measurable discrepancies across variables, with MPJPE values of 56.6 ± 9.4 mm (Hawk-Eye) and 52.0 ± 12.3 mm (Theia3D). Stride length exhibited the strongest agreement with MB in both systems (CCC > 0.85), whereas shoulder rotational variables showed greater variability. Error magnitudes in joint positions and kinematic waveforms were comparable to those reported for other ML systems during dynamic movements. These results highlight the influence of system configuration, camera deployment, and pose-estimation models on biomechanical accuracy. Overall, both configurations showed potential for estimating pitching biomechanics, underscoring the trade-offs between criterion and ecological validity in markerless motion capture.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Markerlose Bewegungsanalyse im Sport und beim Training</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098252</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098252</guid>
      <author>Bini, R. R.</author>
      <author>Colyer, S.</author>
      <author>Moura, F. A.</author>
      <author>Santiago, P.</author>
      <author>Vanicek, N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>markerless</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Bewegungsanalyse</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Bini, R. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Colyer, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Moura, F. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Santiago, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vanicek, N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[For over a century, motion analysis has been a fundamental tool for scientists wishing to analyse and interpret movement patterns of humans and animals. A couple of key early examples include the work done in the 1880s by Étienne-Jules Marey, who recorded sequences of human gait, and the "The Horse in Motion" experiment from Eadweard Muybridge in 1878. These pioneering efforts set the scene for our ongoing commitment for developments in our understanding of how we move, and the implications for enhanced human performance, injury prevention and complex pathological movement patterns. Since the early 1970s, movement analysis involved using one or more cameras to track landmarks on the body to describe how segments were contributing to a person`s movement. This method involved manual pre-identification and marking of these landmarks on the skin using active or passive markersthat could be visualised by cameras. The improvement in computer technology streamlined the tracking, enabling scientists to automatically determine the location of these markers in space at various phases of movement.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ein Kommentar zu "Bewertung der Reliabilität und saisonalen Sensitivität einer Fitness-Testbatterie im Elite-Jugendfußball"</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098179</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098179</guid>
      <author>Lolli, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Reliabilität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Lolli, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The recent study by Asimakidis et al1 assessed the reliability and seasonal sensitivity of proxy measures of lower-limb explosive strength, sprinting, change of direction, and endurance in 24 youth soccer players. Given the importance of knowing the amount of measurement error to inform practical judgments,2 small-scale reliability studies can be prone to a degree of uncertainty, preventing the understanding of whether any change in an applied observation can represent a real change in an athlete`s performance.2

Fundamentally, reliability studies are conducted to determine whether any change in a performance outcome may be distinguishable from measurement error by deriving, for example, a minimal detectable change of the scale typically calculated as: 1.96 × v2 × standard error of the measurement.3 This notion differs from the definition of a minimal important change, which indicates the smallest change in a score domain of interest that athletes and coaches may perceive as meaningful.3 Asimakidis et al1 may have fallen foul of historical misinterpretations of statistical significance as practical relevance,4 as it remains unclear why standardized effect sizes or signal-to-noise ratio statistics informed interpretations of changes in performance outcomes that contradicted the between-day reliability results.1]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Antwort auf Lolli: Kontextspezifische Variabilität im Spitzensport</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098180</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098180</guid>
      <author>Asimakidis, N. D.</author>
      <author>Beato, M.</author>
      <author>Bishop, C.</author>
      <author>Turner, A. N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Statistik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Variabilität</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Reliabilität</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Asimakidis, N. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Beato, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bishop, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Turner, A. N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[We appreciate Lolli`s1 interest in our work, yet his comments are grounded in a conceptual framework misaligned with the aims and applied context of our work. By convention, inferential thresholds are often applied directly to practice. Nevertheless, inferential statistics quantify long-run probability by determining what would constitute a "real" change across repeated samples from an assumed population,2 not for the athletes being assessed. Because samples can vary substantially, the magnitude of change required to exceed inferential thresholds (eg, ±1.96 × SD) becomes disproportionately large and, in well-trained athletes whose expected performance adaptations are relatively small, may be practically unattainable.

Imagine a practitioner in London basing an intervention on findings from a group of athletes in Australia. While inferential statistics might treat these groups as drawn from the same population, in practice, their environmental constraints, training methodology, and athlete characteristics may differ considerably. This illustrates why generalizing inferential thresholds across contexts can be misleading and contributes to overly conservative metrics such as the minimal detectable change (1.96 × v2 × SEM).3 Methods reflecting the variability of one`s own athletes are preferable in practice, which was the aim of our study.4 We used the signal-to-noise ratio, as in recent elite applied studies,5,6 at both group and individual levels. This compares seasonal performance variation with between-day noise (ie, coefficient of variation) and quantifies squad-specific responsiveness, explicitly integrating the between-day reliability that Lolli claims we contradicted1.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Sind Zughilfen ein echter Fortschritt für das Krafttraining oder ein überschätztes Hilfsmittel? Eine explorative Übersichtsarbeit zur aktuellen Evidenz und zu zukünftigen Forschungsrichtungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098181</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098181</guid>
      <author>Martins, R.</author>
      <author>Rosa, M.</author>
      <author>Padovan, R.</author>
      <author>Sá, M.</author>
      <author>Antunes, J. P.</author>
      <author>Afonso, J.</author>
      <author>García-Ramos, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Gewichtheben</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hilfsgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hand</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gelenk</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Optimierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Powerlifting</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Martins, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rosa, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Padovan, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sá, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Antunes, J. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Afonso, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>García-Ramos, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: Lifting straps (LS) are popular tools used by resistance-training (RT) practitioners with the intention of improving exercise performance. This tool is worn around the wrist to enhance grip on the barbell or other RT equipment and potentially decrease grip limitation throughout the exercise—a limitation that is usually reported by practitioners, especially during deadlifts, weightlifting movements, and pulling exercises. However, this knowledge remains mostly based on common experiential beliefs. Thus, this narrative review aims to highlight the current knowledge on the impact of LS in RT, focusing on physiological and biomechanical effects, exercise performance, chronic training adaptations, and safety concerns, and also to expose the existing literature gaps and distinguish between evidence-based findings and empirical assumptions. Conclusion: Evidence suggests that LS can enhance maximal strength and grip perception. However, for pulling/back exercises, no consistent effects have been observed. In addition, LS may increase mechanical work in the deadlift, but contrary to common belief, they appear not to contribute to increased muscle recruitment. Furthermore, no scientific evidence supports the chronic effects of LS usage in training; it is still a hypothesis. Finally, this review offers future research insights to assist sport scientists in designing and conducting more comprehensive investigations on this topic, ultimately enhancing the understanding and application of LS in RT.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Wirksamkeit von kalten Getränken im Vergleich zu Getränken mit Eisbrei auf die sportliche Leistung thailändischer Futsal-Spieler unter Verwendung des K-Means-Clusterverfahrens</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098182</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098182</guid>
      <author>Panurushthanon, P.</author>
      <author>Punthipayanon, S.</author>
      <author>Klabchom, K.</author>
      <author>Thongtha, K.</author>
      <author>Chottidao, M.</author>
      <author>Pochai, N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Futsal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Thermoregulation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Flüssigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Thailand</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Getränk</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Eis</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Panurushthanon, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Punthipayanon, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Klabchom, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Thongtha, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chottidao, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pochai, N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Cooling interventions during futsal halftime breaks show substantial individual variability in physiological responses, yet standardized protocols fail to account for athlete-specific thermal stress susceptibility. This study employed This study used K-means clustering to compare the effectiveness of cold beverages versus ice slurry and to identify distinct physiological response phenotypes for personalized cooling strategy optimization. Ten competitive male futsal players (22.4 ± 2.1 years; 68.5 ± 8.2 kg) completed a randomized crossover design. Following the Futsal Intermittent Shuttle-Run Protocol (FIRP), participants consumed either ice slurry (-1°C) or cold sports beverages (4°C) at 7.5 g/kg body mass during 10-minute recovery. Futsal-specific reactive agility tests (RAG-D, RAG-T), blood lactate, heart rate, urine specific gravity, and perceived exertion were measured. K-means clustering analysis with silhouette validation identified response patterns. Three distinct physiological phenotypes emerged (silhouette coefficient = 0.67). Cluster 1 (High-Response, n=4): elevated blood lactate (>8.0 mmol/L), highest cardiovascular stress, superior ice-slurry response. Cluster 2 (Moderate-Response, n=3): balanced responses to both modalities. Cluster 3 (Low-Response, n=3): conservative responses with maintained performance, preferential ice-slurry benefits. Strong correlations existed between body mass and response magnitude (r = 0.78, p < 0.01). Unsupervised machine learning effectively discerned unique cooling response phenotypes, facilitating evidence-based customization of cooling therapies. This signifies a substantial progression in the accuracy of sports performance enhancement.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vergleich von 2D- und 3D-Sequenzmodellen zur Analyse des Bogenschießens unter Verwendung einer bildbasierten Posenschätzung und kinematischer Merkmale</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098183</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098183</guid>
      <author>Park, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Bogenschießen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>mathematisch-logisches Modell</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>dreidimensional</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>maschinelles Lernen</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Bewegungsmuster</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Park, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[PURPOSE : This study aimed to compare the performance and efficiency of sequence models — LSTM and GRU — using both 2D and 3D motion data for classifying archery shooting techniques. The goal was to evaluate how data dimensionality and model architecture influence classification accuracy, computational cost, and practical applicability in sports motion analysis.

METHODS : Four models (2D LSTM, 2D GRU, 3D LSTM, and 3D GRU) were trained and tested on motion capture data collected from elite archers. The dataset was split into training and testing sets at a 7:3 ratio, with 6,304 samples for 2D data and 2,317 samples for 3D data. Performance was assessed using accuracy, loss, F1-score, and AUC, while training time was recorded to evaluate computational efficiency. Confusion matrices were analyzed to identify class-level strengths and weaknesses.

RESULTS : The GRU-based models consistently outperformed LSTM-based models across both 2D and 3D datasets. The 3D GRU achieved the highest accuracy (89%) and F1-score, benefiting from depth and spatial information, while the 2D GRU reached 82% accuracy with the shortest training time (20 minutes). The performance gain from 2D to 3D was greater for GRU models (+7 percentage points) than for LSTM models (+3 percentage points). Confusion matrix analysis revealed that 3D models, particularly the 3D GRU, exhibited stronger class separation, though 2D models maintained competitive performance with lower computational demands.

CONCLUSIONS : While 3D GRU offers the highest classification accuracy, its longer training time and higher computational cost may limit its suitability for real-time or resource-constrained applications. The 2D GRU model provides a practical balance between performance and efficiency, making it well-suited for rapid analysis and frequent model updates. The choice between 2D and 3D approaches should be guided by the intended application, available resources, and the required balance between accuracy and efficiency. ]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen individueller Krafttrainingsübungen auf die Kniemuskulatur und die Schnelligkeitsleistung bei Speedskatern: eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098184</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098184</guid>
      <author>Kacha, A. R.</author>
      <author>Tank, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rollsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Inlineskating</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Widerstand</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schnelligkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schnellkraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kacha, A. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tank, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: Speed skating performance relies heavily on lower limb strength, neuromuscular control, and coordination. Weakness of knee muscles can limit performance and increase the risk of overuse injuries. Individual-specific strengthening of knee flexors and extensors may enhance strength and skating speed, yet evidence in young skaters is limited. 

Objective: To evaluate the effect of individualized knee muscle strengthening on knee flexor and extensor strength and speed performance in young speed skaters. 

Methods: Sixty skaters aged 8-14 years were randomly assigned to an experimental group (individual-specific strengthening, 8 weeks, 3 sessions/week) or a control group (routine skating only). Training loads were based on 1-RM values and progressed using a pyramidal model (80-95% 1-RM). Knee strength was measured using the Modified Sphygmomanometer Strength Test (MSST), and skating performance using the Inline Skating Skill Test (ISST). Data were analysed using paired and unpaired t-tests (p < 0.05). 

Results: The experimental group showed significant increases in knee flexor (51.06 ± 7.8 --> 57.73 ± 7.4 mm Hg) and extensor strength (60.0 ± 8.3 --> 66.2 ± 7.6 mm Hg) (p < 0.001), along with improved Inline Skating Skill Test (ISST) performance time (27.62 ± 2.7 --> 24.34 ± 2.5 s, p < 0.001). No significant changes were observed in the control group. 

Conclusion: Individual-specific strengthening produced meaningful improvements in knee muscle strength and skating speed in young speed skaters. Incorporating such targeted resistance training into routine practice may enhance performance and reduce injury risk.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen der Trainingsmerkmale im Langlauf und Volleyball auf bestimmte Atemparameter bei Sportlerinnen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 04:27:35 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098185</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098185</guid>
      <author>Bilici, M. F.</author>
      <author>Çelik, M.</author>
      <author>Balica, D.</author>
      <author>Bilici, Ö. F.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Skilanglauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Volleyball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lunge</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Atmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Bilici, M. F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Çelik, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Balica, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bilici, Ö. F.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to examine the effects of sport-specific training on selected respiratory parameters in female cross-country skiers and volleyball players. A total of 36 women voluntarily participated in the study, including 12 cross-country skiers (age: 19.17 ± 1.11 years), 12 volleyball players (age: 20.42 ± 2.19 years), and 12 sedentary controls (age: 20.42 ± 2.27 years). Pulmonary function values were measured using a spirometer under standardized conditions. Statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS v30. Since the data showed a normal distribution, a one-way ANOVA was applied to compare mean respiratory parameters among groups, followed by Tukey`s post-hoc test for pairwise comparisons.

The results indicated that forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), the FEV1/forced vital capacity ratio (FEV1/FVC), peak expiratory flow rate (PEF), forced expiratory flow between 25-75% of vital capacity (FEF25-75%), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) were significantly higher in cross-country skiers than in sedentary participants (p <0.05). Moreover, cross-country skiers demonstrated significantly higher FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75% values compared to volleyball players (p <0.05). Volleyball players exhibited significantly higher PEF and MVV values than sedentary participants (p <0.05), while no significant differences were found in the remaining parameters (p> 0.05).

In conclusion, female cross-country skiers displayed superior respiratory function compared with volleyball players and sedentary women. These findings suggest that the physiological demands and training characteristics of cross-country skiing may contribute more effectively to the enhancement of respiratory capacity.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>
