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    <item>
      <title>Häufigkeit von Verletzungen des vorderen Kreuzbandes nach Geschlecht, Sportart und Wettkampfniveau: Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit und Metaanalyse</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098348</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098348</guid>
      <author>Norman, D.</author>
      <author>Terrian, L.</author>
      <author>Novosel, J.</author>
      <author>Guzman, A.</author>
      <author>Montalvo, A. M.</author>
      <author>Myer, G. D.</author>
      <author>Petushek, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreuzband</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Statistik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschlecht</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportart</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Literaturanalyse</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Norman, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Terrian, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Novosel, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Guzman, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Montalvo, A. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Myer, G. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Petushek, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Context
Despite the efficacy of injury prevention programs, anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury rates have remained steady, which may be due to limited knowledge of which groups/athletes are greatest at risk of sustaining an ACL injury.

Objective
The purpose of our study was to characterize ACL injury rate (IR) across sex, sport, and levels of play to identify high-risk groups per season.

Data Sources
We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and searched electronic databases of PubMed and EBSCOhost.

Study Selection
Inclusion criteria required that studies noted level of play, number of ACL injuries, and total number of athletes. We excluded studies if the injury was a secondary one, the total population was unclear or noted only cases of reconstruction.

Data Extraction
We extracted data on sex, sport, level of play, number of ACL injuries, and total number of athletes.

Data Synthesis
The electronic literature search yielded 9469 studies for initial review, and at the end of the search, a total of 89 studies were included in our meta-analysis. The highest-risk sports were female semipro handball (IR = 0.045/athlete-year), female professional basketball (IR = 0.027/athlete-year), and female professional alpine skiing (IR = 0.025/athlete-year). Across all the comparisons of sex, sports, and levels, there were large gaps in the data and variability in the injury rates.

Conclusions
There was variability in injury risk rates across sex, sport, and competition level with the highest risk of ACL injury in semiprofessional and professional sports. Whereas female athletes demonstrated greater risk of ACL injury than male athletes, it is unknown if this trend replicates in every sport or level. Improved understanding of the impact of sex and sport differences in ACL injury risk can help guide the best target areas for evidenced-based risk reduction strategies.


Key Points

Groupings with the most data entries included female (k = 18) and male (k = 15) professional soccer, female high school soccer (k = 12), and female collegiate soccer (k = 8).

The highest-risk sports were female semipro handball (IR = 0.045/athlete-year), female professional basketball (IR = 0.027/athlete-year), and female professional alpine skiing (IR = 0.025/athlete-year).

Large gaps in available data and high variability in reported injury incidence rates between studies of same sport limit the potential to differentiate need for targeted ACL injury prevention programs within the current available literature.

However the evidence strongly indicates a need for continued efforts for ACL injury risk reduction programs for female athletes to reduce the consistent sex discrepancy.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vorhersage der Leistung beim 2000-Meter-Indoor-Rudern mithilfe leicht zugänglicher Modelle des maschinellen Lernens</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098355</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098355</guid>
      <author>Jaggi, A. S.</author>
      <author>Dandia, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rudern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prognose</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>indoor</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>maschinelles Lernen</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Jaggi, A. S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dandia, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The 2000-meter ergometer test is widely used to measure athlete's strength, skill and efficiency in competitive rowing. Traditional tests like 500m or 1000m rowing can be too physical and elaborate for beginners or younger rowers. This study aimed to create a simpler and data driven approach to predict 2000m rowing times using basic information like age, gender and weights. Predictions were made using machine learning models including XGBoost that were applied to data from 1,341 rowers obtained from Concept 2 Database and Miami Beach Rowing Club. The model performed better for athletes over 18 years old with gender as the most important factor followed by weight and age. Finally after rigorous model training, the model showed insightful prediction accuracy with R2=0.75, MAE=0.35 min and RMSE=0.47 min. However, cross-validation of the model showed R2=-2.04, indicating overfitting due to limited variables and data. Despite this limitation, our model offers a practical application that can help rowers set realistic goals and assist coaches in personalized training. In conclusion, the model can still be improved to improve accuracy and validation but in the current study it represents a step forward in making performance insights more accessible to rowers.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen einer neuromuskulären elektrischen Stimulation vor dem Wettkampf auf die Leistung bei Vorwärtsausfallschritten und die neuromuskuläre Kontrolle bei Squash-Sportlern: Eine Analyse auf der Grundlage von Zeitmess- und elektromyografischen Sensoren</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098814</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098814</guid>
      <author>Li, D.</author>
      <author>Bai, M.</author>
      <author>Li, H.</author>
      <author>Jiang, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Squash</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>EMG</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Neurophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Li, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bai, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jiang, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background: The Forward Lunge is a representative squash-specific footwork movement involving rapid acceleration, braking, postural stabilization, and return propulsion. This study examined whether pre-competition neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) combined with weighted squats was associated with differences in Forward Lunge performance and neuromuscular control in squash athletes. Methods: Thirty-six male squash athletes were randomly assigned to three groups: Weighted Squats, Fake Stimulation, and Real Stimulation, with 12 participants in each group. After the assigned acute intervention, all participants completed the squash-specific star test. Completion time was recorded using a Microgate Witty photocell timing system, while surface electromyographic (sEMG) signals from 14 right-side muscles were collected using a Delsys Trigno wireless electromyography system. High-speed video was used to identify the Forward Lunge movement cycle, and transistor-transistor logic (TTL) synchronization enabled temporal alignment among timing, video, and sEMG signals. Normalized root mean square (RMS), muscle co-activation index (CI), and non-negative matrix factorization (NMF)-based muscle synergy parameters were calculated. Between-group differences were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Bonferroni post hoc comparisons, and false discovery rate (FDR) correction was applied to secondary neuromuscular outcomes. Results: Star test completion time differed significantly among the three groups (F = 28.65, p < 0.001, *2 = 0.63). The Real Stimulation group showed a shorter completion time (10.35 ± 0.45 s) than the Weighted Squats group (11.80 ± 0.55 s) and Fake Stimulation group (11.55 ± 0.50 s). During the Forward Lunge movement cycle, normalized RMS values of the rectus abdominis (ABS; F = 18.56, p < 0.001, *2 = 0.55) and latissimus dorsi (LD; F = 13.42, p < 0.001, *2 = 0.44) were significantly higher in the Real Stimulation group. The gluteus maximus-biceps femoris (GLM-BF) co-activation index also differed significantly among groups (F = 58.42, p < 0.001, *2 = 0.78), with higher values in the Real Stimulation group. Muscle synergy analysis showed group differences in selected muscle activation weights and temporal activation parameters. Conclusions: In this parallel-group acute intervention study based on post-intervention measurements, real NMES combined with weighted squats was associated with shorter star test completion time and altered neuromuscular control during the Forward Lunge movement cycle. The integrated use of photocell timing, wireless sEMG, high-speed video, and TTL synchronization provided temporally aligned sensor-based evidence for evaluating acute pre-competition activation strategies. However, due to the absence of baseline measurements, the findings should be interpreted as post-intervention between-group differences rather than definitive evidence of individual improvement.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die gleichzeitige Validität und die Test-Retest-Reliabilität eines markierungsfreien Systems auf Smartphone-Basis</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098815</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098815</guid>
      <author>Nicholson, K. F.</author>
      <author>Duane, J. J.</author>
      <author>Carter, W.</author>
      <author>Fernandez, G.</author>
      <author>Wolf, J.</author>
      <author>Butler, R. J.</author>
      <author>Bullock, G. S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gütekriterien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motion Capturing</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>markerless</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Smartphone</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Nicholson, K. F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Duane, J. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Carter, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fernandez, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wolf, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Butler, R. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bullock, G. S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Increasing the accessibility and portability of precise biomechanical data to sports scientists can assist in making data-driven decisions. The purpose of this study was: (1) Assess the concurrent and convergence validity of discrete and continuous waveform biomechanics of a smartphone-based markerless system. (2) Assess test-retest reliability of the smartphone-based markerless system. Movements were recorded simultaneously with two iPhones using Uplift Labs computer vision software and with Qualisys, a 12-camera marker-based motion capture system. Each participant performed two evaluations, one week apart, consisting of two countermovement jumps. Nested Bland-Altman limits of agreement (LOA), mixed-effect linear regressions, and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) were calculated. Twenty participants were included [Age: 24.7 (6.6) years. Height: 178.3 (4.3) cm. Mass: 86.5 (12.4) kg. Dominant Arm (Right): 17 (85%)]. Concurrent validity (LOA: 11.8 (4.4, 19.1)) demonstrated different results compared to convergence validity (Beta: 0.87 (0.68, 1.0)) and test-retest reliability (ICC: Uplift: 95.5 (90.9, 97.8). Qualisys: 94.4 (88.5, 97.3)). Uplift demonstrated greater than the a priori-determined limits of agreement across the CMJ. However, convergence validity was acceptable. Reliability suggests Uplift could be useful for tracking performance within individual athlete sessions.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Genauigkeit und Validität der markierungsfreien 3D-Bewegungserfassung im Vergleich zu markierungsbasierten Systemen für die biomechanische Beurteilung der unteren Extremitäten: Eine systematische Übersichtsarbeit</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098816</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098816</guid>
      <author>Chougule, A.</author>
      <author>Dowsett, M.</author>
      <author>Ekundayomi, D.</author>
      <author>Machesney, A.</author>
      <author>Mather, T.</author>
      <author>Gompels, B.</author>
      <author>Mcdonnell, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Motion Capturing</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreuzband</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>markerless</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Chougule, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dowsett, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ekundayomi, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Machesney, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mather, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gompels, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mcdonnell, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Marker-based motion capture systems are considered the gold standard for biomechanical analysis of movements associated with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury risk; however, their cost and technical requirements limit their use for large-scale athlete screening. Markerless motion capture has emerged as a potential alternative, using pose estimation algorithms or depth cameras to quantify movement without reflective markers. This systematic review evaluated the accuracy and validity of markerless motion capture systems for measuring lower-limb kinematics during jump-landing tasks commonly used in ACL injury screening. MEDLINE, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from 1990 to March 2025 for studies comparing markerless and marker-based systems in healthy participants. Extracted outcomes included Bland-Altman plots, root mean square error, mean absolute error, Pearson`s correlation coefficient, coefficient of multiple correlation, and intraclass correlation coefficient. Across studies, markerless systems demonstrated moderate to high validity for several lower-limb kinematic measures, particularly in the sagittal plane, although validity varied across joints, movement phases, and task complexity. These findings suggest markerless motion capture shows potential for biomechanical assessment in ACL injury screening, but further validation is required before widespread implementation.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Integriertes Multisensor-Bewertungssystem zur objektiven Überwachung der Muskelregeneration: Einsatz von isokinetischer Dynamometrie, Infrarot-Thermometrie und ELISA mit mehreren Biomarkern zur Überwachung von durch körperliche Belastung verursachten Muskelschäden</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098817</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098817</guid>
      <author>Rhi, S.</author>
      <author>Sin, B.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Dynamometrie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Temperatur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biochemie</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Monitoring</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Rhi, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sin, B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate a comprehensive multi-sensor integrated platform for objective assessment of skeletal muscle recovery kinetics following exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD), combining biomechanical, thermal, and biochemical monitoring modalities. Methods: Forty elite male athletes were randomized to microwave diathermy (MWD, n = 20, 2.45 GHz, 160 W, 45 min/session) or control (n = 20) groups. Time-synchronized multi-sensor assessments at baseline, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h post-EIMD included: biomechanical sensors (knee flexion range of motion via goniometry and isokinetic peak torque), thermal sensor (skin surface temperature via infrared thermometry), and biochemical sensor array (serum CK, IL-6, and CRP via high-sensitivity ELISA). Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni correction examined group × time interactions across all sensor channels. Results: Pre-study validation confirmed high reliability across all sensor modalities. Cross-modality concordance analysis revealed significant correlations between biomechanical and biochemical recovery trajectories (isokinetic torque vs. IL-6: r = 0.73, p < 0.001; pain vs. IL-6: r = 0.68, p < 0.001). MWD intervention demonstrated accelerated recovery across all sensor channels: complete ROM recovery by 48 h (MWDG post-2 vs. baseline, p > 0.05; CG post-3 43% below baseline, p < 0.001), complete isokinetic torque restoration by 72 h (MWDG post-3 vs. baseline, p > 0.05; CG 44% below baseline, p < 0.001), and near-complete pain resolution (VAS 1.70 ± 2.50 mm, p < 0.05). Biomarker sensors demonstrated differential recovery kinetics: IL-6 normalized by 48 h (1.52 ± 0.14 pg/mL, p > 0.05 vs. baseline), CRP approached baseline by 72 h (0.73 ± 0.24 mg/L, p > 0.05), while CK remained elevated at post-3 (169.70 ± 22.58 U/L, 30% above baseline, p < 0.001), indicating incomplete myofiber membrane integrity recovery despite resolution of systemic inflammatory markers. The control group exhibited persistent deficits across all sensor channels with no clinically meaningful recovery. Conclusions: This study validated an integrated multi-sensor platform for recovery assessment. Microwave diathermy demonstrated efficacy by 72 h with complete functional recovery and inflammatory normalization (though CK remained elevated). Cross-modality concordance (r = 0.73 to 0.68) confirmed superior assessment compared to single-modality approaches. This laboratory-based methodology provides a framework for future portable sensor systems in athletic surveillance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ein frequenzorientiertes Dual-Stream-Deep-Learning-Framework zur Überwachung der Trainingsbelastung von Sportlern und zur Bewertung des Verletzungsrisikos: Eine Validierungsstudie mit mehreren Datensätzen im professionellen Mannschaftssport</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098818</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098818</guid>
      <author>Tong, J.</author>
      <author>Gao, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Risikofaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Tong, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gao, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The accumulation of training and competition loads represents a critical determinant of musculoskeletal injury risk in professional team sports, yet contemporary monitoring systems remain limited by their reliance on single-domain temporal analysis that overlooks the multi-scale rhythmic patterns inherent in athletic workload signals. This study introduces FDTM (frequency-aware dual-stream temporal model), a deep learning framework that jointly encodes time-domain dependencies and frequency-domain spectral signatures from digital athlete monitoring streams to predict individual injury risk over a forward-looking seven-game horizon. The framework integrates a stacked bidirectional long short-term memory branch augmented with temporal self-attention pooling, a spectral encoding branch employing discrete Fourier transform decomposition across high-frequency (weekly), mid-frequency (bi-weekly), and low-frequency (seasonal) bands, and a cross-modal gated attention fusion module that adaptively balances temporal and spectral representations conditioned on player context. We evaluate FDTM on three heterogeneous public sports datasets spanning basketball (NBA game-log corpus 2013-2023), Australian rules football (AFL Player Workload Dataset), and soccer (SoccerMon open monitoring corpus), comprising 612 athletes and 247,830 player-game observations across ten competitive seasons. FDTM achieves AUC-ROC values of 0.858, 0.833, and 0.821 on the three datasets respectively, outperforming the strongest deep-learning baseline (FEDformer) by 2.0 to 3.3 percentage points and the strongest non-spectral baseline (TCN) by 3.2 to 4.5 percentage points while maintaining a Brier score below 0.04. Ablation studies confirm that the spectral branch contributes 5.1 percent to overall discriminative performance. SHAP attribution analyses identify high-frequency weekly components as the dominant injury-relevant signal, followed by low-frequency seasonal trends and the cumulative acute-to-chronic workload temporal feature, with gating-weight visualizations revealing dynamic modality contributions consistent with established sports science theory. Direct spectral analysis of the raw workload signal confirms that injury-preceding windows exhibit significantly elevated weekly-band power across all three datasets (Mann-Whitney U test, p < 1 × 10*7), and the architectural advantage is shown to be robust across 30 independent training seeds. These findings suggest that frequency-aware modeling may serve as a transferable methodology for sports engineering applications in injury prevention, return-to-play planning, and individualized rehabilitation, pending further external validation in female athletes and additional team sports.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Vergleich der Auswirkungen von Kleinfeldspielen, Techniktraining und plyometrischem Training auf den Lernerfolg im Basketball und die sportliche Leistung bei männlichen Nachwuchssportlern: Eine quasi-experimentelle Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098896</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098896</guid>
      <author>Kamarauskas, P.</author>
      <author>Figueira, B.</author>
      <author>Paulauskas, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmittel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>technische Fertigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>plyometrisches Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lernen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kleinfeld</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kamarauskas, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Figueira, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Paulauskas, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study compared three training approaches on basketball learning and performance in youth male players. Forty-two U14 athletes competing in the Lithuanian Youth Basketball League completed an 8-week in-season quasi-experimental intervention. Participants were assigned to small-sided games (SSG; n = 11), skill-development training (SKILL; n = 11), plyometric training (PLYO; n = 10), or control (n = 10), with two weekly sessions integrated into regular practice. Pre - post assessments included 20-m sprint, countermovement jump (CMJ), change-of-direction speed (CODS), VO2 max (30-15 IFT), 5 × 5 simulated match external load, and basketball learning indices (BALPAI). Linear mixed-effects models examined TIME × GROUP interactions. SKILL improved sprint, aerobic capacity, and technical execution versus control. PLYO enhanced CMJ and final efficacy but reduced match running output (distance/min). SSG showed no clear benefits and was associated with declines in high-intensity actions and decision-making. CODS improved across groups. Adaptations were modality-specific, underscoring the importance of aligning training content with targeted developmental outcomes in youth basketball.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Flugstrecke, Zeitplan und kontextuellen Faktoren auf die Leistung im Basketball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098898</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098898</guid>
      <author>Zhang, X.</author>
      <author>Qiu, M.</author>
      <author>Dong, R.</author>
      <author>Wei, B.</author>
      <author>Zhang, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>China</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angriff</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verteidigung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rhythmus</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Reise</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Flug</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Flugzeit</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Freiwurf</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Qiu, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dong, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wei, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zhang, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined how flight distance, scheduling factors, and team quality gap are associated with professional basketball performance. Data from 520 games in the China Basketball Association were analyzed. Flight distances were classified as short-haul (1079 ± 252 km), medium-haul (1830 ± 222 km), and long-haul (3163 ± 447 km), with home-away sequencing and landing-to-game intervals also considered as schedule-related contextual factors. Principal component analysis identified three performance dimensions: offensive performance (38.2% variance explained), defensive control (18.7%), and game rhythm & free-throw performance (8.9%). Linear mixed-effects models showed that offensive performance was consistently associated with team quality gap across all travel distances (all p < 0.001). Under medium-haul travel, home-to-away transitions were associated with reduced defensive control (ß =  -1.303, p = 0.031), an effect attenuated by longer landing-to-game intervals (ß = 0.040, p = 0.013). Under long-haul conditions, consecutive away games and shorter preparation intervals were linked to poorer rhythm and free-throw performance, whereas longer preparation time moderated these effects. Overall, travel-related contextual factors were differentially associated with distinct performance dimensions, emphasizing the need to jointly consider travel distance, home-away sequencing, and preparation intervals when interpreting performance variation in professional basketball.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Entlassungsillusion: Eine kontrafaktische Analyse von Trainerwechseln zur Saisonmitte anhand von Punkten und erwarteten Punkten im europäischen Fußball</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098899</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098899</guid>
      <author>Lundkvist, E.</author>
      <author>Holmström, S.</author>
      <author>Pérez-Ferreirós, A.</author>
      <author>Kalén, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Wechsel</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Lundkvist, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Holmström, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pérez-Ferreirós, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kalén, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Mid-season coaching dismissals are common in professional football, yet it remains unclear whether they improve team performance or merely reflect regression to the mean. We analysed 331 mid-season coaching changes in the first and second men`s divisions of the five highest-ranked European countries (2017/18-2021/22) using match-level data. Teams that dismissed their coach were matched to control teams with identical five-match performance trajectories that retained theirs, and actual points (P) and expected points (xP) were compared over the ten matches following each dismissal. Prior to dismissal, P collapsed from 1.28 to 0.34 points per match whereas xP remained stable (1.26-1.38), a pattern almost identical in treated and control teams. Following the coaching change, no significant treatment effects were observed: average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) estimates ranged from -0.18 to +0.13 for P and from -0.06 to +0.05 for xP, with all confidence intervals including zero. Mid-season coaching changes thus produced no detectable improvement relative to matched controls. The divergence between collapsing results and stable underlying performance suggests that clubs react to outcome variance rather than genuine decline. Integrating expected goals-based trajectory analysis into coach evaluation could help clubs avoid unnecessary and costly dismissals.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Unterschiede hinsichtlich Geschwindigkeit, Bewegungsumfang des Rumpfes und Fahrkinematik zwischen verschiedenen Para-Nordic-Sitzskiklassen auf unterschiedlichen Steigungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098900</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098900</guid>
      <author>Severin, A. C.</author>
      <author>Baumgart, J. K.</author>
      <author>Kocbach, J.</author>
      <author>Ettema, G.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Parasport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rumpf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungsmerkmal</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Paraski nordisch</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Range of Motion</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Kinematik</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Steigung</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Severin, A. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Baumgart, J. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kocbach, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ettema, G.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In sit-skiing, propulsion is generated by the upper-extremities and trunk. We examined if terrain incline and class affected the speed, trunk range of motion, and cycle kinematics of sit-skiers during competitive distance events. Thirty-six elite Para-Nordic sit-skiers were equipped with integrated IMU- and GNSS-sensors at the 2022 and 2023 World Championships, and five individual races were analysed at each event. Relationships between speed, trunk range of motion, cycle length and cycle rate and "incline" and "class" were modelled using mixed-effects models. The classes showed similar adaptations to changing incline, with decreased speed and cycle length and relatively constant range of motion and cycle rate. Compared to the LW12 class, the LW10.5 class had a lower speed (p = 0.004), trunk range of motion (p = 0.005) and cycle length (p = 0.049) at the 2022 event and lower range of motion (p = 0.017) and higher cycle rate (p = 0.020) at the 2023 event. There were considerable overlaps between the classes in all variables, which highlights that despite a relatively large number of measurements, this study was likely statistically underpowered for the between-class comparisons. Overall, this study suggests that while some differences exist between the LW12 and LW10.5 classes, between-class differences may be smaller than the differences between individual athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Verschiedene Formationen, verschiedene Muster: Ein integrierter Ansatz, der Entropie, maschinelles Lernen und XAI kombiniert, um Passnetzwerke im Fußball zu analysieren</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098902</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098902</guid>
      <author>Pan, P.</author>
      <author>Lago-Peñas, C.</author>
      <author>Carling, C.</author>
      <author>Rein, R.</author>
      <author>Liu, T.</author>
      <author>Memmert, D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungsmerkmal</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prognose</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>maschinelles Lernen</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>künstliche Intelligenz</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Pan, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lago-Peñas, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Carling, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rein, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Liu, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Memmert, D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined the differences in passing network between two- and three-center-back (2-CB and 3-CB) formations and their predictive relevance for match outcomes using machine learning models. The dataset comprised 256 matches (7328 player observations) from FIFA Soccer World Cups from 2010-2022. A novel subgroup entropy metric was introduced to quantify the distribution of ball circulation within positional units (defenders, midfielders and forwards). Results showed that conventional network metrics failed to distinguish formation-specific features, whereas the subgroup entropy metric revealed significant differences: 2-CB formations exhibited higher forward- and defender-entropy but lower midfielder-entropy compared with 3-CB formations (p < 0.001). Among the tested models, XGBoost achieved the best performance (accuracy = 0.599 ± 0.040, F1 = 0.737 ± 0.033). SHAP-based explainability analysis indicated that the key network metrics associated with match success varied by formation: midfielder-entropy and forward-entropy were most influential in 2-CB formations, while average weighted degree, average path length, and Density dominated in 3-CB formations. These findings suggest that different formations shape distinctive patterns of passing flow and team coordination. The proposed subgroup entropy provides a novel framework for linking network structure, tactical organization, and match outcomes in football analytics.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Theoretisch cool, in der Praxis jedoch nicht: Auswirkungen der Kühlung der Handflächen zwischen den Sätzen auf die Leistung beim Krafttraining und die psychophysiologischen Reaktionen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098903</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098903</guid>
      <author>Piñero, A.</author>
      <author>Mohan, A. E.</author>
      <author>Burke, R.</author>
      <author>Mandart, J.</author>
      <author>Enes, A.</author>
      <author>Swinton, P. A.</author>
      <author>Hummer, E.</author>
      <author>McMahon, G.</author>
      <author>Schoenfeld, B. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Temperatur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hand</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Thermoregulation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Psychophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>RPE</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kühlung</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Hypertrophie</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Piñero, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mohan, A. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Burke, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mandart, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Enes, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Swinton, P. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hummer, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>McMahon, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Schoenfeld, B. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Previous research has explored distal extremity cooling as a strategy to enhance exercise performance. However, it remains unclear whether the intervention may aid in physiological or performance-oriented outcomes in an ecologically valid context. This study`s primary purpose was to evaluate the effects of interset palm cooling (IPC) using a water cooling device during a full-body (FB), multi-set resistance training (RT) protocol on performance and perceptual measures. In a randomized crossover design, participants completed a familiarization session with 10RM testing and two randomized experimental sessions. Experimental sessions consisted of an FB RT protocol with either IPC (10-15°C) or control (CON) (22-28°C) applied for 2 min. between sets. Assessments included exercise performance (repetitions to failure, volume load, fatigue index, pre-post countermovement jump), subjective psychological markers (discomfort, session rating of perceived exertion), and physiological measures (heart rate, blood lactate, and tympanic temperature). Twelve trained females and 13 trained males completed the study. Bayesian analysis revealed low likelihood of any difference on any measured variables between conditions. The current study suggests that IPC is unlikely to enhance objective performance or improve subjective experience in hypertrophy-oriented RT.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Weiterentwicklung des Fragebogens "Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence" (PCDEQ2) für den Einsatz bei amerikanischen Nachwuchssportlern im Leistungssport</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098911</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098911</guid>
      <author>Laffer, J. C.</author>
      <author>Leahey, S. R.</author>
      <author>Collins, D.</author>
      <author>Chen, C. C. M.</author>
      <author>Chua, Y. K.</author>
      <author>Evans, M. C. N.</author>
      <author>Heels, A. G.</author>
      <author>Wannouch, Y. J.</author>
      <author>Leicht, A. S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>USA</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Befragung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Auswahl</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Laffer, J. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Leahey, S. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Collins, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chen, C. C. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chua, Y. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Evans, M. C. N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Heels, A. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wannouch, Y. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Leicht, A. S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Many studies have advocated for tools measuring psychological attributes in athletes. However, recent research has cautioned the uncritical cross-cultural interpretation of tools developed within specific athletic contexts. While some incompatibility across different contexts is reasonably expected, it remains unclear whether adjustments are also necessary when traversing apparently similar contexts. Therefore, this study explored the transferability of the Psychological Characteristics of Developing Excellence Questionnaire - Version 2 (PCDEQ2), a psychometric tool developed in the United Kingdom, with youth athletes from the United States of America. Firstly, a series of comprehension tests led to the modification of 29.5% (26/88) of the original items. Then, a confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the modified PCDEQ2 was unsuitable for an American sample (n = 302, 15.6 ± 1.7 years). Consequently, an exploratory factor analysis produced an Americanized version (PCDEQ-US), with a new 8-factor structure, retaining 92.0% (81/88) of the original items and explaining 44% of the total variance. The results suggest that the PCDEQ-US is a valid and reliable measure of psychological attributes, which provides practical value specifically for American athletes, coaches and practitioners. These findings also highlight the importance of careful consideration during the cross-cultural application of tools developed in specific athletic contexts.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die statistischen Eigenschaften von Leistungsindikatoren im Australian Football verstehen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098912</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098912</guid>
      <author>Matteo, D.</author>
      <author>Varley, M. C.</author>
      <author>Ruddy, J. D.</author>
      <author>Carey, D. L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Spielsportart</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Statistik</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Australian Football</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Matteo, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Varley, M. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ruddy, J. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Carey, D. L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study evaluates the statistical properties of commonly used performance metrics in Australian Football (AF) using the meta-metric framework of discrimination and stability. Drawing on data from 1,383 players across 1,823 matches and 9 seasons (2015-2023), 33 player and team-level metrics were analysed to assess their statistical properties and utility for performance evaluation. Results indicate that count-based metrics such as kicks, handballs, disposals, and goals exhibit high discrimination and stability, making them robust indicators of player performance. In contrast, percentage-based metrics (e.g. effective clearance %, effective kick % and effective disposal %) demonstrated lower discrimination and stability, particularly at the team level, due to contextual variability. The advanced performance metrics Ranking Points, and Rating Points also had high discrimination and stability for all positional groups, suggesting their value in capturing overall player performance. Positional analysis revealed that discrimination and stability vary across position, underscoring the importance of contextual interpretation. This study advances the understanding of performance indicators in AF and establishes reference values to inform metric selection for decision-making and performance evaluation. These findings support the use of stable and discriminative metrics for decision-making in professional sport, while highlighting the need for further research integrating contextual data.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Verbessert ein Nickerchen vor dem Training die Zeit-Bewegungs-Daten sowie die psychophysiologischen Reaktionen bei Kleinfeldspielen bei professionellen Fußballspielern, die während des Ramadan fasten?</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098913</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098913</guid>
      <author>Kerkeni, M.</author>
      <author>Ammar, A.</author>
      <author>Boukhris, O.</author>
      <author>Hbaieb, E.</author>
      <author>Kerkeni, M.</author>
      <author>Zmijewski, P.</author>
      <author>Chtourou, H.</author>
      <author>Aziz, A. R.</author>
      <author>Jahrami, H.</author>
      <author>Turki, M.</author>
      <author>Trabelsi, K.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Psychophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schlaf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kleinfeld</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Ramadan</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Fasten</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kerkeni, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ammar, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Boukhris, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hbaieb, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kerkeni, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zmijewski, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chtourou, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Aziz, A. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jahrami, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Turki, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Trabelsi, K.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[We examined the effects of a 90-minute nap (N90) during Ramadan fasting (RF) on time-motion and psychophysiological responses during small-sided soccer games (SSGs). Eighteen male professional soccer players (mean ± SD; age: 21.9 ± 1.5 y; estimated VO2max: 55.1 ± 3.2 mL·kg-1 ·min-1) completed four counterbalanced SSGs sessions under N90 and no nap (N0) conditions, one week before and during the third week of RF. Nap duration was monitored via a wrist sleep tracker. Daytime sleepiness was assessed before and after napping. Mood states and hydration status were evaluated before each trial. Time-motion and exercise heart rate (HR) during SSGs were recorded. Blood lactate ([La]) and perceived exertion (RPE) were collected post-sessions. Urine osmolality during RF remained unchanged. The N90 during RF was associated with lower sleepiness (p < 0.001), greater total distance (p = 0.011), and higher running distances at low and moderate-intensity running (p = 0.005 and p = 0.016, respectively). N90 also resulted in lower resting HR (p = 0.021), mean HR (p = 0.006), and relative exercise HR (p = 0.010). N90 was linked to greater vigour (p < 0.001), lower fatigue (p = 0.034), and reduced RPE (p = 0.010). Post-exercise [La] did not differ during RF trials. Pre-SSGs napping may improve time-motion metrics, reduce physiological strain, lower perceived exertion, and enhance mood in Ramadan-fasted professional soccer players.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Identifizierung von Zielen für Interventionen zur Verhaltensänderung zur Einbeziehung der biologischen Reife in deutsche Fußball-Nachwuchsprogramme: Eine COM-B- und "Behavior Change Wheel"-Analyse</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098914</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098914</guid>
      <author>Arenas, L.</author>
      <author>Forster, S.</author>
      <author>Meyer, T.</author>
      <author>Salter, J.</author>
      <author>Frenger, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Programm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verhalten</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>biologisches Alter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Deutschland</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Arenas, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Forster, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Meyer, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Salter, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Frenger, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examines enablers and barriers to integrating biological maturation into talent identification and development processes within German football academies. Biological maturation significantly influences physical performance, selection decisions, and injury risk in youth football. Early maturing players are often favoured during talent identification, leading to premature deselection of talented late-maturing athletes. Using the COM-B framework (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation - Behaviour), we investigated stakeholders perceived barriers and enablers to implementing maturation strategies. An adapted COM-B-Qv1 questionnaire was distributed to 990 stakeholders across 56 elite academies and 344 regional training centres (June - July 2025), yielding 142 complete responses (14.3% completion rate). Internal consistency of the adapted scales was acceptable to good (Cronbach`s a = 0.67-0.84). Results showed that 78% of participants conduct maturation assessments, while 24% rarely or never considered it in player development and 51% did so only occasionally. Regional-affiliated stakeholders reported significantly higher barriers than league-affiliated participants (p < 0.05). Opportunity, expressed through the perceived lack of tools, time, and incentives, emerged as the strongest barrier (mean = 3.38 ± 1.30). These findings suggest that targeted training, enablement, and environmental restructuring may be particularly effective for improving the systematic integration of biological maturation in German football academies, especially in regional settings.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Eine chronometrische Analyse des Aufschlagreturns im Rollstuhltennis</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098915</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098915</guid>
      <author>Deshpande, Y.</author>
      <author>Jackson, R. C.</author>
      <author>Cockram, A.</author>
      <author>King, M.</author>
      <author>Goosey-Tolfrey, V.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Parasport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rollstuhlsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungshandlung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Rollstuhltennis</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Aufschlag</dc:tag>
      <dc:tag>Return</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Deshpande, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jackson, R. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cockram, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>King, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Goosey-Tolfrey, V.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The time constraints associated with the return of serve in professional wheelchair tennis have yet to be established so the importance of advance (pre-contact) information and anticipation are unknown. The aim of this study is to quantify these time constraints and examine how temporal and task-related factors (e.g. serve number and serve accuracy) influence return outcomes. Video footage of 369 returns-of-serve by 19 players competing in 13 matches from international tournaments was used to calculate ball transit time and serve accuracy, together with the returner`s movement initiation time, movement time, quality of position just before they contacted the ball, and effectiveness of the shot. The time constraints for first and second serves were compared and linear multilevel modelling was used to determine the relationship between the timing variables and the shot outcome variables. Movement initiation time was the same for first and second serves. Faster and more accurate serves predicted a more defensive returner position and lower ratings of return effectiveness; however, movement initiation time was a non-significant predictor. The implications of these results for the importance of early visual information sources in wheelchair tennis are discussed.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Spielpraxis beeinflusst die Intensität und die Leistung im College-Football der Division I</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098917</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098917</guid>
      <author>Lever, J. R.</author>
      <author>Fusco, A.</author>
      <author>Landow, L.</author>
      <author>Hunt, R.</author>
      <author>Leiszler, M.</author>
      <author>Appelman, A.</author>
      <author>Ramaeker, J.</author>
      <author>Wagle, J. P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>American Football</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfahrung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>external load</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Lever, J. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fusco, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Landow, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hunt, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Leiszler, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Appelman, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ramaeker, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wagle, J. P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Game participation in American football is highly variable, complicating interpretation of external training loads during competition. This study aimed to provide a longitudinal, exposure-aware characterization of external training loads in Division I NCAA American football and to examine exploratory associations between load and on-field performance. External training load data were collected from 232 players across 10 competitive seasons (4,084 player-game observations) using wearable tracking devices. Total and exposure-normalized (per-snap) external training load metrics were examined by positional group and game exposure using linear mixed-effects models. Total external training load increased with greater game exposure across all metrics. In contrast, exposure-normalized external training load decreased with increasing exposure, with per-snap PlayerLoad higher in Low compared with Moderate (delta = 8.73 AU·snap-1, d = 0.83, p < 0.001) and High exposure (delta = 11.60 AU·snap-1, d = 1.10, p < 0.001). Exposure-related reductions in per-snap load were consistent across positional groups despite positional differences in absolute load. For offense, higher total external training load was positively associated with performance (ß = 0.015, p < 0.001). In contrast, greater exposure-normalized running and sprinting distance were associated with lower defensive performance (all p < 0.01). These findings highlight a robust exposure - load trade-off and the importance of accounting for game exposure when interpreting competition demands.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ein Rahmenkonzept zur Bewertung der Technik im alpinen Skisport</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098918</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098918</guid>
      <author>Debertin, D.</author>
      <author>Wargel, A.</author>
      <author>Böhmer, M.</author>
      <author>Federolf, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>alpiner Skisport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Debertin, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Wargel, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Böhmer, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Federolf, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The analysis of alpine skiing technique is characterized by a gap between the qualitative, experience-based language of practitioners and the quantitative but often isolated measures used in science. Previous research has typically focused on single biomechanical variables (e.g. joint angles), which do not fully capture the whole-body movement patterns described by practitioners (e.g. forward - backward lean). This study aimed (I) to develop a framework that enables objective, quantitative measurement of skiing technique directly aligned with practitioners` descriptions, and (II) to explore its sensitivity by comparing curricular milestones (basic parallel, parallel dynamic and race carving technique) and differences between national education systems. Full-body kinematics of expert ski instructors were recorded with inertial measurement units (IMUs) as they performed instructed extremes of technique elements. Principal component analysis (PCA) of these datasets generated principal component (PC) vectors, which serve as quantitative scales for lateral tilt, horizontal movement, upper-body rotation, and vertical movement. Projecting runs onto these vectors provided objective scores that confirmed known differences between basic parallel and race carving turns, and revealed different upper-body rotation strategies between Austrian and German ski instructors. The framework bridges scientific and practical perspectives and offers a transferable tool for technique evaluation in skiing and other sports.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss von kadenzbasiertem Training auf die Zeitfahrleistung bei Spitzensportlern im Rollstuhlrennsport - eine Pilotstudie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098919</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098919</guid>
      <author>Koester, A.</author>
      <author>Bleakney, A.</author>
      <author>Rice, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Parasport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rollstuhlsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Zeitfahren</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Koester, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bleakney, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rice, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Cadence has been proposed as an important component of wheelchair racing performance, yet the effects of cadence-based training on time-trial (TT) performance remain unclear. This pilot study evaluated the effects of a cadence-based training intervention on 3-kilometer TT performance in elite wheelchair-racing athletes. Twelve elite racers (6 men, 6 women; 18-35 years) completed a 21-day cadence-based training protocol using individualized cadence zones guided by wearable sensor sleeves and metronome cues. All training sessions were conducted on indoor rollers, with pre- and post-intervention 3-kilometer TTs performed on a stationary roller dynamometer. Following the intervention, 3-kilometer TT performance improved significantly (mean improvement ˜16 s; p < .05), while self-selected cadence did not change. Changes in cadence were not significantly associated with performance improvements. The mechanisms underlying these performance gains cannot be determined from the present study design. These findings provide preliminary evidence that individualized cadence-based training may improve wheelchair racing performance without altering athletes` preferred cadence strategies.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss von Lernmethoden und der Reinvestitionsneigung auf die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit und deren neuronale Mechanismen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098920</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098920</guid>
      <author>Wang, C.</author>
      <author>Liu, X.</author>
      <author>Zheng, W.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>motorisches Lernen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lernen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Methode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungsfertigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Stress</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Golf</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Wang, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Liu, X.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zheng, W.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Maintaining stable motor performance under stress is crucial. Clarifying whether and under what conditions different learning methods produce differences in motor performance stability and its neural mechanisms holds both theoretical and practical value. This study aimed to investigate how learning methods and reinvestment propensity influence motor performance and its neural mechanisms in stressful situations. Using a golf putting task, 60 learners were grouped into high/low CMP propensity groups and further divided into four subgroups based on learning methods (analogy, explicit). Results indicated that stress intervention effectively induced subjective anxiety changes in learners. Behaviorally, no significant interaction between learning methods and CMP propensity was observed during test phase transitions. Neurologically, a significant interaction between CMP propensity and test phase was observed in T7-Fz coherence: low CMP individuals exhibited significantly increased T7-Fz coherence under stress, while high CMP individuals remained stable. No significant interaction between learning methods and test phase was found. In this study, under stressful conditions, CMP propensity had a more pronounced effect on motor performance than learning methods. This offers new theoretical and practical perspectives in the field of motor skill learning.Mechanismen]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Anpassungen der intermuskulären Koordination an das Krafttraining: Erkenntnisse aus der Analyse der Muskelsynergien bei Kniebeugen mit unterschiedlichen Belastungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098921</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098921</guid>
      <author>Santos, P. D. G.</author>
      <author>Vaz, J. R.</author>
      <author>Gomes, M.</author>
      <author>Fitas, R.</author>
      <author>Arrenega, C.</author>
      <author>Oliveira, J.</author>
      <author>Mendonca, G. V.</author>
      <author>Pezarat-Correia, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>koordinative Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungskoordination</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Übung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Kniebeuge</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Santos, P. D. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vaz, J. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gomes, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fitas, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arrenega, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Oliveira, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mendonca, G. V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pezarat-Correia, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Neural adaptations to strength training in complex tasks involve changes in muscle activation patterns. Synergy extraction has been used to assess training-induced changes in intermuscular coordination. However, it remains unclear how intermuscular coordination evolves at different training stages. Thus, this study aimed to examine i) the effects of 6 weeks of squat training in muscle synergies at different intensities of the squat, and ii) long-term coordination adaptations by comparing groups with different training status: 1) 11 untrained individuals, 2) 11 short-term trained individuals who engaged in the 6-week training program (the training consisted in 3x/week squatting sessions, with 5 sets of 10 repetitions using 75% of 1RM, with the absolute load being progressively adapted during the 6-weeks period), and 3) 10 experienced powerlifters and weightlifters with at least 2 years of training experience. Electromyography (EMG) of seven lower limb muscles was collected during squats at four loads between 40 and 90% 1RM, and muscle synergies were extracted at light (~42.5% 1RM), moderate-light (~57.5% 1RM), moderate-heavy (~72.5% 1RM) and heavy loads (~87.5% 1RM). Six weeks of squat training led to increased strength (+24.87 ± 7.36%). Two muscle synergies were enough to explain at least 90% of muscle activation during the squat. After the training period, muscle synergies remained robust, with slight differences in the weighting of each muscle within the synergies as well as slight shifts in some individual EMG patterns. Furthermore, when comparing the groups, the experienced individuals presented a delay of synergy #1 and an anticipation of synergy #2, with different muscle weightings, namely concerning the muscles acting around the ankle. It was shown that muscle synergies are flexibly adapted with strength training, namely in the long-term, and that adjustments in intermuscular coordination are progressive over time.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen der Stockeinsatzfrequenz auf die physiologische Belastung bei Langläufern der Division III</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098925</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098925</guid>
      <author>Rux, T.</author>
      <author>Haynes, S.</author>
      <author>Muer. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Skilanglauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Arm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Frequenz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Rux, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Haynes, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Muer. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Cadence selection in endurance sports influences energy conservation and mechanical efficiency. Research in cycling and running suggests cadence affects oxygen consumption and lactate production. However, findings are inconsistent across modalities. Its role in double poling needs more exploration.

Purpose: To investigate the effects of poling cadence on physiological markers such as volume of oxygen consumed per minute (VO2), blood lactate concentration, and heart rate (HR) during ski ergometry in collegiate cross-country skiers. It was hypothesized that at a fixed power, higher cadences would result in augmented VO2, blood lactate concentration, and HR, and thus worsen exercise economy.

Methods: Nineteen NCAA Division III skiers (11 males, 8 females) completed five randomized 3.5-minute stages on a Concept2 ski ergometer (SkiErg) at fixed cadences (40, 47, 54, 60 strokes/min (s/min)) plus one self-selected cadence, all at constant power output. The variables VO2, HR, and blood lactate were measured throughout the SkiErg portion of data collection. Data was analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with sex-specific comparisons.

Results: Variables are reported respective to the following stroke cadences: self-selected, 40, 47, 54, and 60 s/min. Male skiers showed a significant main effect of cadence on percentage of peak VO2 (67.4 ± 8.5, 66.4 ± 8.7, 68.6 ± 10.0, 69.8 ± 9.9, 70.65 ± 10.3%, main effect p < 0.001). Female skiers exhibited significantly lower VO2 at 47 s/min compared to 40 (p = 0.025) and 60 s/min (p = 0.042) (67.1 ± 9.2, 66.7± 9.4, 62.6 ± 9.0, 64.5 ± 9.0, 67.0 ± 10.0%). Blood lactate trended lower at lower cadences in males (2.9 ± 0.7, 2.4 ± 0.6, 2.6 ± 1.0, 2.7 ± 0.9, 2.9 ± 1.0 mmol/L, main effect p = 0.062). In females there was no significant effect of cadence on blood lactate concentration (3.1 ± 1.0, 2.7 ± 1.0, 2.9 ± 0.9, 3.0 ± 1.4, 3.3 ± 1.7 mmol/L, p = 0.679). In males self-selected cadence resulted in significantly lower percentage of peak HR at 40 s/min (p = 0.049), 47 s/min (p = 0.021), 54 s/min (p < 0.001), and 60 s/min (p < 0.001) (78.1 ± 6.9, 80.1 ± 7.0, 80.8 ± 7.4, 81.8 ± 6.6, 82.4 ± 7.7 %, main effect p < 0.001). Female participants also showed a significant main effect of lower cadence eliciting a lower percentage of peak HR (80.9 ± 6.8, 82.1 ± 6.6, 81.3 ± 7.0, 82.7 ± 7.0, 83.4 ± 8.2%, main effect p = 0.049).

Conclusion: This study demonstrates that poling cadence influences some physiological responses during SkiErg, with faster cadences generally decreasing work economy and increasing physiological demand even when power output is held constant. Further, results suggest that skiers naturally self-select a cadence that minimizes unnecessary cardiovascular strain. Overall, the findings indicate that cadence is a modifiable factor in optimizing skiing economy and performance. Continued research with larger samples, wider cadence ranges, and on-snow validation will help refine evidence-based recommendations for training and technique in cross-country skiing.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Zehnjährige Inzidenz, Remission und Rückfälle bei Asthma bei schwedischen Elite-Ausdauersportlern</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098928</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098928</guid>
      <author>Alhamdan, M.</author>
      <author>Lindberg, A.</author>
      <author>Stenfors, N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauerdisziplinen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schweden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lunge</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Krankheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Atmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Statistik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Asthma</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Alhamdan, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lindberg, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Stenfors, N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background
Asthma is highly prevalent among elite endurance athletes, but long-term natural history data beyond 5 years are lacking. Understanding disease trajectory and sport-specific risks are important for clinical management.

Methods
We conducted a 10-year prospective postal survey of Swedish elite endurance athletes in biathlon, cross-country skiing, ski orienteering, and orienteering. Baseline questionnaires were collected 2011-2015, with follow-up 10 years later. We calculated 10-year cumulative incidence of physician-diagnosed asthma, remission (no medication use during last 12 months at follow-up), and relapse (medication use at follow-up after none at baseline). Factors associated with incident asthma were analyzed using logistic regression.

Results
Of 591 eligible athletes, 290 (49.1%) responded at 10-year follow-up. Among 220 athletes without baseline asthma, 50 developed asthma (cumulative incidence 22.7%, 95% CI 17.7-28.7%). Among 45 athletes with asthma and asthma medication use at baseline, 19 achieved remission (42.2%, 95% CI 29.0-56.7%). Among 16 athletes with physician-diagnosed asthma but no medication at baseline, 3 relapsed (18.8%, 95% CI 6.6-43.0%). Cross-country skiers had more than twice the cumulative incidence (30.2%) compared to orienteers (13.2%). Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for age, sex, training volume, allergic rhinitis, and family history did not identify statistically significant independent associations.

Conclusions
One in four elite endurance athletes developed asthma over 10 years, with cross-country skiers showing more than twice the cumulative incidence of orienteers, while over 40% with active asthma achieved remission. No statistically significant factors associated with incident asthma were identified. Asthma remains a dynamic condition throughout athletic careers and warrants continuing reassessment.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Tätigkeiten kommunaler Sportschulen und Schulen der Olympischen Reserve in großen Städten Russlands (für das Jahr 2024)</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098933</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098933</guid>
      <author>Fitina, L.</author>
      <author>Serova, N.</author>
      <author>Burkova, A.</author>
      <author>Tropina, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportschule</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Russland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Entwicklung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Fitina, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Serova, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Burkova, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tropina, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is a comprehensive assessment and comparison of the development indicators of basic Olympic sports of sports schools and sports schools of the Olympic Reserve of the city of Ekaterinburg in comparison with cities with a population of one million in 2024 to identify best practices and problem areas.

Methods and structure of the study. The study was based on data from the official statistical reporting on the 5-FC form for 2024, provided by sports schools in nine million-plus cities. Methods of comparative, structural and statistical analysis were used. Quantitative and qualitative indicators are analyzed, including the network of institutions, the number of students, financial support and results of sports training. The leading cities in each of the areas have been identified, as well as key factors affecting the effectiveness of sports reserve training.

Results and conclusions. A comparative analysis of the development of basic Olympic sports in Ekaterinburg and cities with millions of residents revealed a significant differentiation in the development of the sports training system in the largest cities of Russia. The findings suggest that there is no universal model of success. The effectiveness of training a sports reserve depends on a number of factors: financial security, historically established sports specializations in the region, and management effectiveness. To even out the situation and increase the overall competitiveness of Russian sports, it is advisable to exchange best practices between regions and develop targeted measures to support lagging areas.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Bewertung der psychophysiologischen Kompatibilität von Mitgliedern von Sportmannschaften</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098934</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098934</guid>
      <author>Golub, Y.</author>
      <author>Medvedeva, E.</author>
      <author>Baryaev, A.</author>
      <author>Soboleva, E.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportpsychologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Psychophysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mannschaft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gruppe</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mitglied</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportsoziologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Golub, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Medvedeva, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Baryaev, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Soboleva, E.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to analyze modern approaches to assessing psychophysiological compatibility and correcting teamwork among sports team members.

Methods and structure of the study. The object of the study was domestic and foreign scientific literature on the problem of psychophysiological compatibility in sports. To achieve this goal, theoretical research methods were used: analysis and synthesis; abstraction; induction and deduction.

Results and conclusions.  Based on a comparative analysis of existing hardware methods for assessing psychophysiological compatibility, requirements for approaches that improve the quality of monitoring and correction of athletes' teamwork have been formulated. The conclusion is made about the importance of taking into account the psychophysiological level of compatibility and suggests ways to improve the technology of its measurement to improve performance in team and group sports.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Untersuchung der Technik der Perkussionsmassage am Trainingstag hochqualifizierter Ruderer </title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098935</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098935</guid>
      <author>Artemenko, E.</author>
      <author>Miftakhov, S.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rudern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Massage</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Physiotherapie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wiederherstellung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Methode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>anaerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Atmung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Vorbereitungsperiode</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Artemenko, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Miftakhov, S.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to investigate the effect of a short-term percussion massage session on anaerobic power and external respiration parameters in qualified rowers.

Methods and structure of the study. The study involved 12 male athletes specializing in rowing. The participants ranged in age from 18 to 22 years old. The athletes' athletic qualifications ranged from II adult category to master of sports. All the athletes were in the preparatory phase of their annual training cycle and had no injuries or medical contraindications. The total duration of the percussion massage session was 2 minutes and 15 seconds. The protocol included sequential exposure to the muscles of the back (60 seconds), neck (15 seconds), and arms (15 seconds each). The choice of these muscle groups was based on their active participation in the stroke phase.

Results and conclusions. The data obtained clearly demonstrate the improvement of almost all key power characteristics after massage effect. After the percussion massage session, there was a statistically significant increase in anaerobic performance indicators. The time to reach peak power and gas exchange indicators did not show significant changes. Improved strength performance may be associated with neuromuscular activation, improved local blood flow, and reduced muscle stiffness.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Faktorenstruktur der Leistungsbereitschaft hochqualifizierter Freestyle-Skifahrer (Buckelpiste)</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098936</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098936</guid>
      <author>Zdanovich, O.</author>
      <author>Zebzeev, V.</author>
      <author>Ilyukhin, I.</author>
      <author>Moiseeva, N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Freestyle Skilauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hochleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Russland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Zdanovich, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zebzeev, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ilyukhin, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Moiseeva, N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Objective of the study is to determine the factor structure of elite freestyle skiers' preparedness using the example of the mogul discipline.

Methods and structure of the study. To achieve this goal, the method of factor analysis was used, which was implemented using the IBM SPSS Statistics computer program. The study involved highly qualified freestyle skiers (men), members of the Russian national mogul team (n=36) aged 20-25 years. 9 factors were identified in the structure of the mogulists: special morphology, general morphology, strength, anaerobic abilities, coordination, effectiveness of the cardiovascular system, speed and strength abilities, athletic and technical fitness and technique of downhill skiing.

Results and conclusions. The results of the study revealed that the factorial structure of the training of highly qualified mogulists has a pronounced morphological orientation. The greatest impact on athletic performance is exerted by special and general morphology, including indicators of muscle and fat components, height and body weight. These parameters determine the effectiveness of an athlete's movements on the track and the level of his functional fitness to the extreme conditions of competitive activity. Factors of strength, anaerobic capacity, and coordination also make a significant but less pronounced contribution to performance. The data obtained confirm the need to take into account morphological characteristics when planning a training process aimed at developing optimal ratios of mass, strength and technique in moguls. Thus, the presented factor structure makes it possible to specify the key areas of training for elite freestyle skiers and serves as the basis for improving scientific and methodological support in this sport.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Sportbedingte Anpassung und Schädigung der Enthesen bei Spitzensportlern: eine Querschnittsstudie mittels Ultraschalluntersuchung</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098937</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098937</guid>
      <author>Bakirci, S.</author>
      <author>Melekoglu, T.</author>
      <author>Arslan, G.</author>
      <author>Acikgoz, S. B.</author>
      <author>Sungur, Y.</author>
      <author>Aydin, S. Z.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirbelsäule</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegungsapparat</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sehne</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Band</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knochen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schaden</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hilfsgerät</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sonographie</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Bakirci, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Melekoglu, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arslan, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Acikgoz, S. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sungur, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Aydin, S. Z.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Introduction:
Entheses, the sites where tendons, ligaments, and joint capsules insert into bone, are highly susceptible to mechanical stress. While enthesitis is a cardinal feature of spondyloarthritis (SpA), repetitive mechanical loading in elite athletes can also induce entheseal changes. High-resolution ultrasound (US) allows for detailed assessment of entheseal inflammation and structural damage. However, the specific impact of sport-specific loading patterns on differentiating physiological entheseal adaptation from early pathology in asymptomatic elite athletes remains a critical area for investigation.

Material and methods:
This cross-sectional study evaluated 87 elite athletes from various sports (athletics, basketball, cycling, golf, handball, climbing, archery) and 49 sedentary controls. Elite status was defined as training > 10 h/week for over 5 years. All participants underwent US evaluation of 20 bilateral entheseal sites. US findings were scored semi-quantitatively (0-3) for inflammation (hypoechogenicity, thickening, power Doppler [PD] signals) and damage (calcifications, erosions, enthesophytes) according to OMERACT definitions. Athletes were grouped by dominant extremity use (upper, lower, or both). Statistical comparisons and linear regression analyses were performed to identify associations between entheseal scores and demographic/training variables.

Results:
Elite athletes exhibited significantly higher entheseal inflammation and damage scores compared to sedentary controls (p < 0.05). Athletes practicing upper extremity-dominant sports (e.g., archery, climbing) showed significantly higher upper extremity inflam-mation (median [IQR], 1 [0-3] vs. 0 [0-1.5]; p = 0.010) and damage scores (median [IQR], 0 [0-3] vs. 0 [0-0]; p < 0.001) than con-trols. Similarly, lower extremity-dominant athletes (e.g., athletics, cycling) had significantly higher lower extremity inflammation scores (median [IQR], 2 [1-4] vs. 0 [0-1]; p < 0.001). Linear regression revealed that upper extremity inflammation was inde-pendently associated with age and weekly training duration, while lower extremity inflammation was solely associated with body mass index (BMI). Notably, a high prevalence of US abnormalities was observed despite many athletes being asymptomatic.

Conclusions:
Sport-specific mechanical loading is strongly associated with localized entheseal changes detectable by US in elite athletes. These findings underscore the importance of contextualizing US results within an athlete`s specific sport and loading history to distinguish between subclinical entheseal adaptation and true pathology.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Bestimmung von Asymmetrien zwischen den Extremitäten beim Sprung und bei Richtungswechseln während der Saisonvorbereitung bei Basketballspielern: Ein individualisierter Ansatz</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098950</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098950</guid>
      <author>Barrera-Domínguez, F. J.</author>
      <author>Talpey, S.</author>
      <author>Li, F.</author>
      <author>Young, W. B.</author>
      <author>Molina-López, J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Asymmetrie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gliedmaßen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Richtungswechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Vorbereitungsperiode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lateralität</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Barrera-Domínguez, F. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Talpey, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Li, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Young, W. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Molina-López, J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Asymmetries are practical indicators of basketball players performance; however, longitudinal evidence remains limited. The aims of this study were to: (i) examine the variation of inter-limb asymmetry across three different time points during the pre-season in basketball players; and (ii) analyse the relationship between asymmetry, jump, linear sprint and change of direction (COD) performance over time. Forty-five male basketball players (age: 24.2 ± 5.21 years; height: 1.96 ± 0.12 m; body mass: 98.2 ± 15.3 kg) performed vertical and horizontal jump, linear speed and COD tests over the pre-season at T1 (August), T2 (September), and T3 (October). Asymmetry was quantified for unilateral drop jump (uDJ), reactive strength index (RSI), and 505-COD at different angles. Whereas the asymmetry significantly decreased from T1-T3 in uDJ and RSI (d<=-0.53,p <= 0.03), it increased in COD90° and COD180° (d >= 0.24,p <= 0.04). For the direction of asymmetry, levels of agreement between-time points ranged from poor to moderate for all tests (kappa=-0.02-0.60), with uDJ showing noticeably better results than other metrics (kappa >= 0.51). Despite the significant relationship between asymmetry and performance variables, this relationship was temporary and inconsistent during the pre-season. These findings confirm the substantial variability in the magnitude and direction of inter-limb asymmetry across tests over time, indicating that asymmetry is unlikely to have a real effect on athletes` performance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Priorisierung oder Diversifizierung bei den olympischen Sommersportarten? Die Zusammensetzung der Olympiamannschaften als neuer Indikator für die Ressourcenverteilung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098975</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098975</guid>
      <author>Csurilla, G.</author>
      <author>Weber, A. C.</author>
      <author>&amp; Ferto, I.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Spiele</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Olympische Sommerspiele</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportpolitik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Förderung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmanagement</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Csurilla, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Weber, A. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>&amp; Ferto, I.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Drawing on the portfolio management perspective as a conceptual framework, and the literature on elite sport prioritisation, this study examines whether more concentrated or more diversified Olympic delegation portfolios are associated with Olympic success. Previous studies investigating countries` Olympic funding strategies were often hindered by sample limitations and methodological biases. To overcome these constraints, this study introduces Olympic delegation composition as a novel proxy for resource allocation, enabling robust econometric analyses across the full population of competing nations. Employing the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index to classify nations` Olympic portfolios as diversified or prioritised, we analysed data from all nations competing at the Summer Olympic Games between 1996 and 2024. Our results indicate a significant quadratic relationship between portfolio strategy and Olympic performance, suggesting two distinct optimal approaches: prioritisation (focused investment in fewer sports) and diversification (investing across multiple sports). Marginal predictions show that diversified approaches yield higher predicted medal and sport shares, while concentrated strategies offer lower but a bit more consistent success. Intermediate, mixed strategies were found to be suboptimal. Additionally, we identified macro-level socioeconomic factors - GDP per capita, population size, and historical context (e.g. former communist bloc nations) - as significantly influencing the choice and effectiveness of portfolio strategies. The findings clarify the strategic trade-offs nations face when optimising Olympic success through targeted resource allocation and offer evidence-based guidance for sport policy decision-makers seeking to allocate finite national resources across Olympic sports.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Ein robustes Deep-Learning-Framework zur Unterscheidung des Leistungsniveaus bei Tennisschlägen unter Verwendung bilateraler IMU-Messungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098809</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098809</guid>
      <author>Aydin, E. H.</author>
      <author>Aydemir, O.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Inertialmesssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Talent</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lernen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>deep learning</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Aydin, E. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Aydemir, O.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[In tennis, where performance is governed by complex kinetic chain interactions, objective skill classification is vital for coaching and talent identification. This study presents a hierarchical deep learning framework leveraging synchronized bilateral Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data from 39 participants (11 elite, 28 amateur). The proposed system successfully distinguishes expertise levels across a total of 4594 strokes, including augmented samples. A hybrid Convolutional Neural Network-Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (CNN-BiLSTM) architecture was developed to autonomously extract spatiotemporal features from the raw kinematic signals of forehand, backhand, service, and volley strokes. The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 95.54%, significantly outperforming both traditional machine learning and state-of-the-art deep learning benchmarks. Qualitative t-distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) analyses revealed that elite athletes form highly homogeneous clusters in the feature space. Furthermore, quantitative Asymmetry Index assessments confirmed that professionals exhibit superior bilateral coordination stability. These findings demonstrate that the proposed end-to-end system offers a robust, field-applicable solution for identifying technical excellence. It provides coaches with reliable digital biomarkers, thereby overcoming the limitations of subjective visual observation.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Leistungs- und Taktikindikatoren im olympischen RS:X-Segelsport der Elite unter verschiedenen Windbedingungen anhand von GPS-Daten</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098810</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098810</guid>
      <author>Riscart-López, J.</author>
      <author>Pezelj, L.</author>
      <author>Pérez-Pérez, C. M.</author>
      <author>Caraballo-Vidal, I.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Segeln</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Umwelt</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Wind</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Riscart-López, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pezelj, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pérez-Pérez, C. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Caraballo-Vidal, I.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The variables determining performance under different wind conditions in Olympic RS:X class sailors have not yet been fully clarified. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between race performance (final ranking) and GPS-derived variables, including velocity made good (VMG), distance covered, and number of maneuvers, under different wind conditions in Olympic RS:X class sailors. Fifty-four Olympic RS:X class sailors (26 women and 28 men) who competed in a World Cup event were analyzed. Using GPS devices, the first-leg ranking, VMG, number of maneuvers, and distance covered in each segment (upwind, beam reach, and downwind) of every race were evaluated under three wind conditions (light wind: *8 to *12 knots; moderate wind: >12 to *15 knots; strong wind: >15 knots). A total of nine races were analyzed for both the men`s and women`s groups. For both groups and under all wind conditions, first-leg ranking was the variable most strongly associated with overall performance. VMG in upwind and downwind legs was among the most decisive variables in moderate wind conditions for both men and women. In strong wind conditions, VMG during the beam reach was a key variable influencing performance in both groups. In the women`s group, regardless of wind speed, VMG during the first upwind leg was the determining factor for achieving a better first-leg position. In the men`s group, particularly in medium wind conditions, a favorable first-leg position was mainly determined by VMG during the first upwind leg.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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      <title>Längsschnittuntersuchung zur Entwicklung der neuromuskulären Leistungsfähigkeit und der multidirektionalen Geschwindigkeit bei jugendlichen Badmintonspielern: Hinweise auf parallele Anpassungsverläufe</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098811</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098811</guid>
      <author>Gepfert, M.</author>
      <author>Golas, A.</author>
      <author>Maszczyk, A.</author>
      <author>Zajac, A.</author>
      <author>Zwierzchowska, A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Badminton</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Schnelligkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Langzeitstudie</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gepfert, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Golas, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Maszczyk, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zajac, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zwierzchowska, A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study examined long-term neuromuscular and multidirectional speed development in elite youth badminton players and evaluated whether developmental stage influences adaptation trajectories during systematic training. Thirty athletes were monitored over 16 months with repeated assessments at five time points and stratified into Younger (8-14 years) and Older (15-22 years) developmental groups. A comprehensive test battery assessed explosive strength, reactive strength, musculotendinous stiffness, and badminton-specific multidirectional speed. Data acquisition was performed using a multi-sensor approach, including force-platform-based jump analysis, accelerometry-based systems, and electronic timing gates, enabling the objective, high-resolution, and repeatable monitoring of neuromuscular performance. Significant time effects were observed across all sensor-derived performance variables (p < 0.001), indicating robust improvements in speed, power, and neuromuscular efficiency. Adaptation trajectories were predominantly linear, with no evidence of performance plateauing. Although older athletes maintained higher absolute performance levels, Time × Group interactions were largely absent, demonstrating parallel improvement rates across developmental stages rather than a catch-up effect in younger players. Linear mixed models confirmed equivalent improvement slopes despite baseline differences, and adjustment for body mass attenuated but did not eliminate age-group differences in jump performance. Exploratory analyses revealed substantial inter-individual variability, identifying responder phenotypes independent of age. These findings indicate that systematically progressed training supports sustained, linear neuromuscular adaptation across youth badminton development and highlight the importance of long-term, individualized monitoring over age-based expectations of accelerated responsiveness.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Vergleichende Analyse markierungsfreier Motion-Capture-Modelle zur Bewertung der Kinematik im Fußball bei 30-Meter-Langpass-Übungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098812</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098812</guid>
      <author>Wang, D.</author>
      <author>Yu, J.</author>
      <author>Chen, S.</author>
      <author>Yang, J.</author>
      <author>Jiang, W.</author>
      <author>Gong, Y.</author>
      <author>Luo, C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Modellierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sensor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mess- und Informationssystem</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Messverfahren</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Passspiel</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Wang, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yu, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chen, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yang, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Jiang, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gong, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Luo, C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study was based on a 30 m inside-foot long-pass scenario and aimed to preliminarily evaluate the agreement between MediaPipe Pose, DWPose, YOLO-Pose, and Xsens, as well as their practical utility under real-field conditions. Twelve elite male football players performed 15 consecutive long-passes, with data collected simultaneously using Xsens and two smartphones positioned at 15° and 35° to the right front of the participants. The Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC (2,1)) and Bland-Altman analysis were used to evaluate discrete kinematic measures. Continuous kinematic agreement was assessed using Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and the Coefficient of Multiple Determination (CMD), while Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) and Statistical non-Parametric Mapping (SnPM) compared differences across the entire analysis interval. Across the three models, CMD ranged from 0.13 ± 0.17 to 0.67 ± 0.25, and RMSE ranged from 9.88 ± 8.20° to 39.92 ± 10.44°. The SPM and SnPM results showed that significant differences were mainly concentrated in the bilateral hip, knee, and ankle joints. The three models cannot yet be used for field-based high-precision kinematic data measurement; however, MediaPipe Pose and DWPose may be selectively used for rapid screening of movement patterns and analysis of movement trends in football-specific technical movements.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Phasensegmentierung und phasenspezifische Extraktion kinematischer Merkmale beim Überwinden von Hürden auf der Grundlage von monokularen Videoaufnahmen und markierungsfreier Posenschätzung</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098813</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4098813</guid>
      <author>Guo, Y.</author>
      <author>Zheng, S.</author>
      <author>Liu, C.</author>
      <author>Li, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Hürdenlauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Video</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Guo, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zheng, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Liu, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Li, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Hurdle technique analysis requires accurate identification of key phases and kinematic features, but conventional biomechanical methods are often costly, equipment-dependent, and difficult to apply in front-line training. This study developed a low-cost monocular-video-based framework for rapid hurdle clearance analysis in practical training settings. Thirty-seven physical education college students with different hurdling skill levels were recruited as participants, and side-view videos of their hurdle clearance were recorded. The proposed pipeline combined YOLO26 hurdle detection, RTMPose markerless pose estimation, rule-based key-event detection, phase segmentation, and phase-specific kinematic feature extraction. The results showed that the hurdle detection model achieved high accuracy, with bounding-box mAP@0.5 of 0.992 and mask mAP@0.5 of 0.971. Pose estimation showed good agreement with manual annotations, with an overall RMSE of 8.25 px and PCK of 97.64%. The rule-based phase segmentation method achieved an overall event localization MAE of 0.74 frames and RMSE of 1.55 frames, outperforming LSTM and TCN temporal baselines. Core distance and most angle variables also showed high agreement with manually recalculated values. These findings indicate that monocular video and markerless pose estimation can provide an accurate, low-cost, and practical tool for hurdle phase segmentation and kinematic assessment in routine training contexts.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen von technischen Übungen und plyometrischem Training auf die Schlaggenauigkeit bei Tennisspielern im Alter von 16-19 Jahren mit unterschiedlichem Beweglichkeitsniveau</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097082</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097082</guid>
      <author>Mulya, G.</author>
      <author>Nevitaningrum, N.</author>
      <author>Agustryani, R.</author>
      <author>Soraya, N.</author>
      <author>Prabowo, T. A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>plyometrisches Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tennis</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Beweglichkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Agilität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Mulya, G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nevitaningrum, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Agustryani, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Soraya, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Prabowo, T. A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background and Study Aim. Accuracy in tennis represents an important element of technical performance, contributing to successful shot execution during match play. Agility, as one of the physical components, can influence an athlete`s ability to reach optimal positions and maintain control during strokes, which may affect shot accuracy. Although various training methods are used to target agility and accuracy, their relative effectiveness continues to attract practical interest. This study aimed to analyze and empirically examine the effect of technical drill and plyometric training on accuracy, considering the agility levels of tennis athletes. Materials and Methods. This experimental study employed a 2 × 2 factorial design, involving an experimental group (EG) and a control group (CG). The sample consisted of 24 athletes, allocated through ordinal pairing using the A-B-B-A method based on initial agility test results. The groups were categorized as A1B1 (EG-High Agility), A1B2 (EG-Low Agility), A2B1 (CG-High Agility), and A2B2 (CG-Low Agility). The intervention consisted of technical drill and plyometric training (EG) and routine training (CG). It was implemented over six weeks, with three sessions per week. Training dosage for the technical drill was 3-5 sets, 8-12 repetitions, with 60-120 seconds of recovery at 60-85% intensity. For plyometric training, the dosage was 3-5 sets, 10-20 repetitions, with 60-180 seconds of recovery at 85-95% intensity. Data were collected using the Illinois Agility Test and the Groundstroke Accuracy Test. Results. Two-way ANOVA results showed a significant effect of the experimental program on accuracy (F = 33.608, p < 0.001), with a high coefficient of determination (R² = 0.834, or 83.4%). Tukey`s HSD post hoc test revealed that A1B1 outperformed A2B1 and A2B2 (p < 0.001). A1B2 also performed significantly better than A2B1 and A2B2 (p < 0.001). The findings demonstrate that a six-week program combining technical drills and plyometric training significantly and effectively improved shot accuracy in tennis athletes aged 16-19. Conclusions. The training model examined in this study reflects a structured integration of technical and physical components in tennis practice. Its application may inform program development aimed at supporting targeted performance characteristics in adolescent athletes. Such integration also aligns with pedagogical principles of holistic athlete development, where motor learning is enhanced through purposeful coordination of physical and technical stimuli in training contexts.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Anpassungsfähiges Tempo und Belastungssteuerung in der thailändischen Fußball-Premier-League: Eine GPS-basierte Analyse der Spielanforderungen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097083</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097083</guid>
      <author>Nuttouch, W.</author>
      <author>Nakarabandid, P.</author>
      <author>Khaosanit, P.</author>
      <author>Tongterm, T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsgestaltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Adaptation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Nuttouch, W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nakarabandid, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Khaosanit, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tongterm, T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background and Study Aim: Soccer is characterized by continuous alternation between high-intensity efforts and recovery phases, requiring players to sustain repeated sprints, accelerations, and directional changes. Managing fatigue effectively during these demanding actions helps maintain performance throughout a match. Although Global Positioning System (GPS) technology is widely applied to quantify external workload in elite sports, its relative effectiveness in assessing pacing and match intensity under tropical conditions remains a subject of practical interest. The aim of this study was to examine half-time differences, analyze intensity-zone distribution, and test the adaptive pacing hypothesis in professional soccer players. 

Material and Methods: Sixteen male players from Rajpracha Football Club (N = 16; mean age = 27.7 ± 1.34 years; BMI = 21.1 ± 1.75 kg/m²) were monitored across 22 official matches. Variables included total distance covered (TDC), distances across five intensity zones (Zones 1-5), and sprint-related metrics. Paired t-tests and one-way ANOVA with Tukey`s post hoc comparisons (p < 0.05) were applied. Effect sizes (Cohen`s d) were calculated to assess practical significance. 

Results: The findings confirmed the adaptive pacing hypothesis. A large and significant reduction was observed in TDC and submaximal running (Zones 1-3) during the second half (Cohen`s d * 0.96), while high-speed running (Zones 4-5) and sprint metrics remained stable. Positional heat maps revealed distinct workload profiles corresponding to the tactical roles of defenders, midfielders, and forwards. 

Conclusions: Thai professional players demonstrated advanced behavioral and physiological adaptation by regulating effort to preserve decisive high-intensity performance under tropical fatigue conditions. These results provide baseline evidence for the Thai Premier League and highlight a pedagogical need for situational pacing instruction and position-specific conditioning programs. Such programs should emphasize the quality of high-intensity effort rather than total volume. Future studies should integrate internal physiological indicators and predictive analytics to optimize workload management in professional soccer.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Wirksamkeit eines integrierten neuromuskulären Trainings zur gleichzeitigen Verringerung des Risikos von Verletzungen des vorderen Kreuzbandes und der ischiokruralen Muskulatur bei jugendlichen Fußballspielern</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097084</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097084</guid>
      <author>Marwat, M. K.</author>
      <author>Farah, H.</author>
      <author>Mehmood, K.</author>
      <author>Hussain, S.</author>
      <author>Arif, T.</author>
      <author>Basit, A.</author>
      <author>Khan, M. A.</author>
      <author>Iqbal, Y.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Verletzung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>neuromuskulär</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreuzband</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ischiokrurale Muskeln</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Prävention</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Marwat, M. K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Farah, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mehmood, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hussain, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arif, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Basit, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Khan, M. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Iqbal, Y.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background and Study Aim: Football is a physically demanding sport with a high risk of injuries, particularly anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and hamstring strain injuries (HSIs). These injuries often lead to re-injury, prolonged rehabilitation, and reduced career longevity. Although various preventive strategies are applied, their relative effectiveness in reducing such risks among adolescent male footballers remains a matter of practical concern. This study aimed to determine the effects of integrated neuromuscular training on key injury-related risk factors. 

Material and Methods: Sixty-eight male adolescent footballers aged 16-18 years from two academies in Lakki Marwat were recruited for the study. Sixty-two participants completed the intervention, while six withdrew for personal reasons. The intervention group (n = 31) followed an eight-week INT program, consisting of four sessions per week, each lasting 80-90 minutes. The control group (n = 31) continued their routine football training. Pre- and post-test assessments were conducted to evaluate the effects of INT on the dependent variables. The Tuck Jump Assessment (TJA) was used to analyze landing biomechanics, a key risk factor for ACL injury. Isokinetic dynamometry was used to assess hamstring strength and calculate the conventional (Hcon:Qcon) and functional (Hexc:Qcon) hamstring-to-quadriceps ratios. The Active Knee Extension (AKE) test was used to assess hamstring flexibility. 

Results: The most significant result in the INT group was a 51% reduction in the TJA score, supported by a large effect size (d = 2.41). Overall, large effect sizes (d = 1.56-1.73) confirmed the intervention`s potential effectiveness, as the INT group showed significant improvements from pre- to post-test in all tested variables. 

Conclusions: Significant positive changes were observed in TJA scores, indicating improved landing mechanics and a lower risk of ACL injury. Additionally, the intervention group demonstrated significant improvements in muscle peak torque, Hcon:Qcon ratio, Hexc:Qcon ratio, and AKE range of motion. These findings confirm that INT can simultaneously reduce key risk factors related to both movement mechanics and muscle strength for ACL and HSIs in adolescent male footballers.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Beziehung zwischen technisch-taktischen Indikatoren der Aufmerksamkeit und der Kreativität und den Anstrengungszonen bei Jugendfußballspielern während eines Wettkampfs</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097086</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097086</guid>
      <author>Oprea, B.</author>
      <author>Potop, V.</author>
      <author>Mihailescu, L. E.</author>
      <author>Fleancu, J. L.</author>
      <author>Cojanu, F.</author>
      <author>Cucui, G. G.</author>
      <author>Pricop, A. D.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Konzentration</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreativität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Oprea, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Potop, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mihailescu, L. E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fleancu, J. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cojanu, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cucui, G. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pricop, A. D.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Background and study aim: Cognitive performance, specifically attention and creativity, contributes to the tactical effectiveness of youth football players. This contribution becomes evident when actions are executed under competitive physiological constraints. Examining how physical demands interact with perceptual and cognitive processes may support the development of training methodologies and competitive decision-making strategies. This study aims to analyze the relationship between technical-tactical indicators of attention and creativity and effort-zone parameters in young football players. 

Material and methods: Twelve male football players (10-12 years old) from CSS1 Pajura Bucharest participated voluntarily in the study. Competition monitoring was conducted in 2022 and included 15 official matches in Series I and 14 matches in Series II. Functional parameters were assessed using Polar Vantage V devices. These parameters included heart rate (HR), running speed, total distance, and effort-zone distribution (Z1-Z5). Technical-tactical indicators of attention (CARR%) and creativity (ICV%) were quantified through video analysis. Descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficients (p < 0.05) were calculated using KyPlot 6.0. 

Results: Competition effort showed a predominantly aerobic profile (Z1 + Z2 * 53% by HR), interspersed with repeated short anaerobic episodes (Z3-Z5 * 39%). Speed zones revealed mainly slow-to-moderate movements. This indicates that physiological intensity was largely generated by frequent game actions rather than locomotor velocity. Attention performance remained high and stable across matches (CARR 71.95-78.69%). Creativity values were consistently higher in Series II (ICV 7.69-9.09%). Correlation analysis revealed both positive and negative associations between cognitive and physical indicators. Moderate positive correlations were observed between attention and creativity indicators and moderate-intensity zones (R = 0.30-0.46). In contrast, high effort (HR-Z5) was associated with reduced cognitive efficiency (R = *0.25 to *0.43). 

Conclusions: The interaction between physiological load and cognitive-tactical performance should be considered when planning training and competition strategies for young football players. Attention to effort-zone regulation and its cognitive implications may assist coaches in structuring training tasks that account for both physical and cognitive demands. The combined assessment of physiological and technical-tactical indicators provides a framework for informed training design and decision-making support.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Wirksamkeit eines Blocktrainingsansatzes mit doppelter Periodisierung bei Ruderern im Alter von 14-16 Jahren</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097087</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097087</guid>
      <author>Redkva, Y.</author>
      <author>Ladyka, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Rudern</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsperiodisierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsprogramm</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Redkva, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ladyka, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Abstract 

Introduction: Rowing at the age of 14-16 allows you to form a reserve of functional and physical training of rowers for the transition to the stage of higher achievements. The issue of a block approach to training of young rowers has been little studied. The purpose of the study was to determine the impact of a block approach with double periodization of training on the physical training and performance of rowers at the age of 14-16 years at distances of 500 m and 1000 m within the annual training program. 

Material and methods: Forty-three male athletes who were randomly divided into experimental and control groups took part in the study. Monitoring of the results of rowing on water (500 m and 1000 m) was carried out in three stages: 1st stage - September 2023, the beginning of the study; 2nd stage - March-April 2024, the end of the winter stage; and 3rd stage - September 2024, the end of the summer stage. 

Results A more pronounced improvement in the rowing results of the experimental group at a distance of 500 m by 5.09% (p < .001) and at a distance of 1000 m by 3.81% (p < .001) was noted compared to the control group. 

Conclusions: A more pronounced improvement in the results of the experimental group athletes compared to the control group can prove the feasibility of further research and using the block approach concept in practice to optimize programs and periodization of sports training.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Brüllen vs. Ergebnisse: Ein natürliches Experiment über den Einfluss von Zuschauern in europäischen Elite-Fußballligen</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2025 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097088</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097088</guid>
      <author>Jaguszewski, M.</author>
      <author>Konarski, J. M.</author>
      <author>Lewandowska, M.</author>
      <author>Maly, T.</author>
      <author>Little, B. B.</author>
      <author>Malina, R. M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Zuschauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spanien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Großbritannien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Italien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Deutschland</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Heimvorteil</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Jaguszewski, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Konarski, J. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lewandowska, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Maly, T.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Little, B. B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Malina, R. M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Introduction: The Covid-19 pandemic influenced the world in many ways, including sport. Many competitions were held without spectators, creating a natural experiment for the evaluation of home advantage. The present study thus evaluates the impact of crowd presence on home advantage in high level football competitions, specifically outcomes of all games in four highest ranked European leagues (England - Premier League, Spain - La Liga, Italy - Serie A, Germany - Bundesliga) from the start of the 2018/2019 season until the FIFA World Cup in 2022. 

Material and Methods: The traditional method of Pollard was used to evaluate home advantage in divisions of leagues and on three time intervals relative to the Covid-19 pandemic - before, during and after. Test for one proportion was done to check if the result of home advantage was significant, while tests for two proportions were used to compare home advantage between the time intervals. 

Results: In three of the four leagues (English, Spanish, German), home teams had significantly lower coefficient of home advantage results in games without spectators compared to games with spectators, but in the four leagues combined, home advantage was significant in games without spectators. 

Conclusions: The results indicate that crowd support is a significant contributor to home advantage in the best European football leagues, although the presence of spectators per se is not the only factor which influences home advantage, suggesting a need to consider other factors that may be of relevance.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Ernährung als fehlendes Element in der Entwicklung von männlichen Jugendfußballspielern: Eine Übersichtsarbeit und zukünftige Richtungen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097092</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097092</guid>
      <author>Martinho, D.</author>
      <author>Gonzalo-Skok, O.</author>
      <author>Chamari, K.</author>
      <author>Field, A.</author>
      <author>Clemente, F.</author>
      <author>Rebelo, A.</author>
      <author>Gouveia, É.</author>
      <author>Teixeira, V. H.</author>
      <author>Zmijewski, P.</author>
      <author>Mendes, P.</author>
      <author>Campos, P.</author>
      <author>Sarmento, H.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ergogenes Mittel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Nachwuchsleistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Jugend</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Energiestoffwechsel</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Wissen</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Martinho, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gonzalo-Skok, O.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chamari, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Field, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Clemente, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rebelo, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gouveia, É.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Teixeira, V. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zmijewski, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mendes, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Campos, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sarmento, H.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The literature on nutrition in soccer has extensively focused on adult male and female soccer players, while knowledge regarding nutritional issues in youth soccer players remains limited. This review aims to summarize the findings related to nutritional habits and ergogenic aid practices among male youth soccer players. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) Checklist, four databases were consulted on September 17, 2024. Studies that included youth soccer players and examined daily energy intake or expenditure, as well as the effects of ergogenic aids on performance, met the eligibility criteria for this review. In total, 42 studies were considered. Among these, 22 studies focused on energy expenditure and dietary intake, while 20 studies investigated the effects of ergogenic aids on performance. Overall, a negative energy balance was observed; however, after adjusting for the underestimation of energy intake, an adequate intake compared to energy expenditure was found in this review. Additionally, carbohydrate intake tended to decrease with age, while protein intake remained stable throughout adolescence. The topic of macronutrient periodization in youth players requires further research, as no data is currently available regarding macronutrient intake. Additionally, data concerning the effects of ergogenic aids on performance is limited due to variability in methodological procedures. Nevertheless, caffeine and creatine appear to have a positive effect on physical capabilities. This review provides reference data for nutritionists working with youth soccer players and highlights the need for future research in this area.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Abendliche Smartphone-Belastung beeinträchtigt die Schlafqualität und die Leistung am nächsten Tag bei Elite-Fußballern: Eine randomisierte kontrollierte Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097093</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097093</guid>
      <author>Dridi, N.</author>
      <author>Souissi, M. A.</author>
      <author>Dridi, R.</author>
      <author>Ceylan, H.</author>
      <author>Bragazzi, N.</author>
      <author>Salem, A.</author>
      <author>Fekih, S.</author>
      <author>Chtara, M.</author>
      <author>Mkaouer, B.</author>
      <author>Chtourou, H.</author>
      <author>Dergaa, I.</author>
      <author>Souissi, N.</author>
      <author>Stefanica, V.</author>
      <author>Mijewski, P.</author>
      <author>Morgans, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schlaf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>kognitive Fähigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Qualität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Test</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>Smartphone</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Dridi, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Souissi, M. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dridi, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ceylan, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bragazzi, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Salem, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fekih, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chtara, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mkaouer, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chtourou, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dergaa, I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Souissi, N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Stefanica, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mijewski, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Morgans, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to examine the effects of pre-bedtime smartphone use on sleep quality and athletic performance in soccer players while also investigating potential time-of-day variations. In this randomized controlled crossover trial, 16 male elite-level players were assigned to either use a smartphone for two hours prior to bedtime or read magazines (control), separated by a one-week washout period. Participants completed morning and afternoon performance tests (cognitive and physical assessments) and sleep quality measurements. Nocturnal smartphone use significantly impaired sleep quality, increasing sleepiness after days 3 and 5 (p < 0.01; d=5.74, d=5.72, respectively), decreasing total sleep time, increasing sleep onset latency, and reducing sleep efficiency (all p < 0.01; d=1, d=4.59). Cognitive performance initially showed improved afternoon results, although following five days of smartphone use, this pattern reversed with enhanced morning performance (p < 0.01; d=0.53, d=1.48). Simple and choice reaction times deteriorated significantly in afternoon sessions compared to both baseline and control conditions (p < 0.01; d=0.96-3.47). Physical performance tests revealed decreased jumping ability and slower reactive agility times following five nights of smartphone use, particularly in afternoon sessions (p < 0.01; d=0.85 0.91). Five consecutive nights of pre-bedtime smartphone use impaired sleep quality and both cognitive and physical performance in elite soccer players, with stronger effects in afternoon sessions. These findings emphasize the importance of implementing device-free periods prior to bedtime and potentially adjusting training schedules when evening screen exposure is unavoidable. Future research should explore countermeasures for managing evening device exposure in elite athletes.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Technisch-taktische Leistung von spanischen Basketballspielerinnen in der ersten Liga (2013-2022): Auswirkungen von Spielergebnis, Spielort und Spielposition</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097095</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097095</guid>
      <author>Gómez-Carmona, C. D.</author>
      <author>Gómez-Ramos, E.</author>
      <author>Piñar, M. I.</author>
      <author>Contreras, J. M.</author>
      <author>Ibáñez, S. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Basketball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spanien</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielposition</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Erfolg</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Gómez-Carmona, C. D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Gómez-Ramos, E.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Piñar, M. I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Contreras, J. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ibáñez, S. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Basketball performance is influenced by technical-tactical factors, but their effects across different contexts are not well understood in women`s basketball. This study analyzed the influence of match outcome (win, lose), match location (home, away), and playing positions (guard, G; point-guard, PG; small-forward, SF; power forward, PF; center, C) on Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in Spanish female basketball players. Data from 1786 games involving 897 players (33243 cases) across 10 consecutive seasons were analyzed (2013 2022). Sixteen normalized KPIs (standardized by minutes played) were evaluated using linear mixed modeling with individual player ID as a random factor, controlling for nested data structure (ICC > 0.10, p < 0.001). Fixed effects included playing position, match outcome, match location, and their interactions. Results revealed position-specific patterns: centers and power-forwards achieved significantly higher values in 2-point shots, offensive rebounds (C > PF > SF > PG=G), and blocks (C > PF > SF=PG=G), while guards obtained higher 3-point shooting (G=PG > SF=PF=C), assists (G > PG > SF=PF=C), and steals (G=PG > SF=PF=C) with large effect sizes. Winning teams significantly outperformed losing teams, with the largest differences in points, assists, and reduced turnovers. Home teams demonstrated significant advantages in assists, blocks, and reduced turnovers. Interaction effects revealed that guards benefited most from playing at home in assists, while centers showed the greatest home court advantage in blocks. Position-outcome interactions showed centers contributed most to winning through 2-point shooting and rebounding, while guards impacted success through playmaking and reduced turnovers. Technical-tactical performance varies substantially by position, match outcome, and location. Coaches should tailor training to leverage position specific strengths while developing strategies to overcome positional weaknesses, especially for away games.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Wirkung eines plyometrischen Trainings auf der Grundlage des integralen Reaktivkraftindexes von Springern und Sprintern auf nationaler Ebene - eine randomisierte Crossover-Studie</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097096</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097096</guid>
      <author>Montoro-Bombú, R.</author>
      <author>Sarmento, H.</author>
      <author>Costa, A.</author>
      <author>Pinheiro, V.</author>
      <author>Malico Sousa, P.</author>
      <author>Buzzichelli, C.</author>
      <author>Rama, L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>plyometrisches Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Montoro-Bombú, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sarmento, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Costa, A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Pinheiro, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Malico Sousa, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Buzzichelli, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rama, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The Integral Reactive Strength Index (IRSI) has recently been described in the literature as a new indicator that normalizes the reactive strength index based on fall height. This study aimed to compare the effects of a plyometric training program based on IRSI versus a traditional jump training program on spatiotemporal variables associated with the performance of national-level jumpers and sprinters. A randomized, crossover trial with three parallel groups was conducted. Twenty-seven male track and field athletes were divided into three groups. The G-RT1 group consisting of 9 participants, began the experiment with IRSI based training as the load prescription criterion. The G-PT2 group consisting of 10 participants, started the experiment with traditional plyometric training, and the control group, G-CT3, consisting of 8 participants, continued its usual training. After 19 weeks, a two-way mixed analysis of variance for the G-RT1 group found a significant interaction and large effect sizes (ES) in the group-time relationship in the 60 m dash (p <- 0. 001; f = 101.2; n2 = 0.089), and the standing triple jump (STJ) (p <- 0.001; f = 119.8; n2 = 0.031). The G-PT2 also showed better results, but the ES was lower for the standing long jump (p <- 0.001; f = 52.7; n2 = 0.045), and the STJ (p <- 0.001; f = 22.7; np2 = 0.011). Meanwhile, the G-CT3 did not show significant improvement at the end of the program. It is concluded that the IRSI-based plyometric training program produces better results than the traditional program. The use of IRSI-based improves individualization, emphasizes high-intensity maintenance, and induces better results with less training volume.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Die Rolle der künstlichen Intelligenz im Sporttraining: Chancen, Herausforderungen und künftige Anwendungen im Leistungsschwimmen</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097097</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097097</guid>
      <author>Puce, L.</author>
      <author>Mijewski, P.</author>
      <author>Cotellessa, F.</author>
      <author>Schenone, C.</author>
      <author>Ceylan, H. I.</author>
      <author>Bragazzi, N. L.</author>
      <author>Trompetto, C.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungssport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsplanung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>anaerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sprint</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>aerob</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>künstliche Intelligenz</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Puce, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mijewski, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Cotellessa, F.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Schenone, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Ceylan, H. I.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Bragazzi, N. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Trompetto, C.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[AI-based chatbots are increasingly used to design training programs, but their effectiveness for elite athletes is unclear. This study assessed ChatGPT-4`s ability to generate weekly training plans for elite swimmers and sprinters. Twenty-three coaches and thirty-six athletes rated the AI-generated plans using a 5-point Likert scale in three areas: weekly frequency, intensity adjustments, and training structure. Seven intensity zones were analyzed: A1 (endurance/recovery), A2 (extensive aerobic), B1 (intensive aerobic), B2 (aerobic-anaerobic transition), C1 (anaerobic threshold), C2 (anaerobic-lactate), and C3 (maximal sprint intensity). Coaches gave neutral-to-positive ratings (3.6 for distance swimmers, 3.7 for sprinters), while athletes were more critical (2.8 and 3.1, respectively). AI-generated plans performed well in low-intensity zones (A1) but had shortcomings in moderate-intensity (A2, B1-B2: long repetitions, excessive sets, insufficient recovery) and anaerobic zones (C1: excessive frequency for swimmers; C2-C3: insufficient frequency for sprinters). No significant differences emerged between plans for swimmers and sprinters (p=0.596), but A2, B1, and B2 showed greater discrepancies (p < 0.001). Rating reliability was moderate for coaches (ICC=0.609) and low for athletes (ICC=0.369). Older coaches and male athletes rated the plans lower, while those with national-level experience were more favorable. While 65% of coaches found the plans usable with minor modifications, only 27.8% of athletes agreed, 47.2% requested major changes, and 25% rejected them. ChatGPT-4 is useful for simple training plans but requires human supervision for complex periodization, particularly in high intensity zones.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Austauschbarkeit externer Belastungsvariablen von verschiedenen Athleten-Tracking-Systemen bei Fußballspielern der englischen Premier League</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097098</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097098</guid>
      <author>Kavanagh, R.</author>
      <author>Mcdaid, K.</author>
      <author>Mcdonnell, J.</author>
      <author>Rhodes, D.</author>
      <author>Tivey, D.</author>
      <author>Alexander, J.</author>
      <author>Harper, D.</author>
      <author>Zmijewski, P.</author>
      <author>Morgans, R.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>GPS</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Tracking</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kavanagh, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mcdaid, K.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mcdonnell, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Rhodes, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Tivey, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Alexander, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Harper, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Zmijewski, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Morgans, R.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This study aimed to assess the interchangeability between tracking variables derived from Global Positioning System (GPS) and those of an Optical Tracking System (OTS) in elite soccer players. Twenty-six male professional outfield soccer players (age 27±4 years, height 182±6.67 cm, mass 80.73±7.74 kg) from an English Premier League (EPL) team formed the sample. Positional information was recorded using a GPS (10 Hz Apex, STATSports, Belfast, UK) and concomitantly by an OTS using six semi-automated HD cameras sampling at a frequency of 25 Hz (Second Spectrum, Los Angeles, USA). While differences exist for both total distance and high-speed running (HSR) between the GPS and OTS, the GPS was highly correlated with the OTS (r2 > 0.99). The OTS displayed the highest values across all three examined variables. Total distance was 4% higher on average when utilising the OTS, while HSR and sprint distance were 12% and 18% higher respectively. Given its importance and the differences observed, regression equations should be utilised to align GPS and OTS data to allow practitioners to evaluate running performance and optimally prepare players for the demands of the game more effectively.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Leistungsindikatoren für offensive Übergänge im Frauen-Elitefußball: Ein Ansatz für maschinelles Lernen und Erklärbarkeit</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 2026 03:48:18 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097100</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4097100</guid>
      <author>Casal, C. A.</author>
      <author>Losada, J. L.</author>
      <author>de Benito Trigueros, A. M.</author>
      <author>Maneiro, R.</author>
      <author>Iván-Baragaño, I.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Angriff</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsfaktor</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Spielhandlung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Taktik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Wettkampf</dc:subject>
      <dc:tag>maschinelles Lernen</dc:tag>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Casal, C. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Losada, J. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>de Benito Trigueros, A. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Maneiro, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Iván-Baragaño, I.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Women`s football has experienced significant growth in sporting, economic, and social interest. However, there remains a shortage of studies examining key technical-tactical performance indicators in elite competitions. This research aimed to identify and quantify the influence of technical-tactical indicators on the effectiveness of offensive dynamic transitions in elite women`s football, using a machine learning approach. To this end, 3,610 dynamic offensive transitions recorded across 35 matches from the final stages of the FIFA Women`s World Cup 2023, UEFA Women`s Euro, and UEFA Women`s Champions League 2023/24 were analysed using an observational methodology. An ad hoc observation instrument, Transfootb, was developed to record teams` offensive behaviours, opponents` defensive responses, and the match context at the time of the offensive dynamic transition. A chi-square test was applied to identify associations between variables, followed by the training of a Random Forest model to predict transition outcomes. Additionally, ShAP values were computed and visualised to interpret the influence of the predictors. The model achieved an area under the curve of 0.78, with a recall of 18% and a specificity of 96%. The results indicate that the execution mode of offensive transitions and the match context significantly influence offensive success. Specifically, penetrating passes (* 3), counterattacks, and an opponent`s low defensive positioning were the key predictors of successful offensive transitions. This study provides valuable scientific evidence to optimise strategic decision-making in dynamic offensive transitions in elite women`s football. Furthermore, it highlights the potential of machine learning in analysing and predicting performance in sport-specific actions.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
    </item>
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