Long-term adaptation to signifi cant physical loadings is a basis of sports trainings. Physical loading during trainings and competitions infl uenced on immune response functional activity of immune cells. Significant physical loadings in sportsmen can result in formation secondary immunodeficient conditions. Methods: In 55 top sportsmen (swimmer and cyclist) in the age of from 15 till 22 years studied features of immunity at long-term adaptation to signifi cant physical loadings and revealed the shifts developing an effort of adaptable mechanisms. At the same period of time 20 healthy subjects (15-22 years) not engaged in physical training or sports activities were utilized as the additional control group. Dynamics of sports results, a level of the sports skill were studied and ECG, EhoCG, adenosine-three-phosphate (..P) level in erythrocytes were analyzed in sportsmen. 15 sportsmen (27,3 %) was worsened results, 16 (29,1 %) - showed stable results and 24 (43,6 %) - improved results. Worsened of sports results within one year were one of the criteria, indicating on effort of adaptable mechanisms. The condition of the immune status were studied on level Ig A, M, G, E, T- and B- lymphocytes (CD - 4+, CD - 8+, CD - 16+). Results: The separate criteria indicating on adaptation met with different frequency in sportsmen. Deterioration of sports results is marked in 27,3%, the electrocardiogram attributes of effort of adaptation are revealed at 9,1%, the high-grade hypertrophy of a myocardium left ventricle (HMLV) - at 20,0%, and decrease erythrocytes ..P level is lower than 0,630 mkmol/ml -at 43,6 %. It can be connected to various mechanisms of development of these shifts. Top sportsmen do not have activation humoral a link of immunity (normal level IgM, IgG, reduced IgA and a normal level of circulate immune complex), but have increased IgE level. Parameters of a cellular link of immunity were characterized by decrease CD-8+ , normal level CD-4 + and level ..-16 + in sportsmen. CD-8+ was 22,4±2,1 % at persons of control group, 17,6±1,6 % - at sportsmen (. <0,05). Presence of signs of effort of adaptable mechanisms in sportsmen was combined with more expressed shifts in an immunity condition. The lowest level Ig. is revealed at sportsmen with ECG- signs of effort of adaptation, with level ..P lower than 0,63 mkmol/ml and high-grade HMLV. Sportsmen with HMLV, especially with high-grade HMLV and sportsmen with low level ..P had lowest level Ig.. The most signifi cant decrease .D-8+ was at sportsmen with high-grade HMLV and low level ..P. Decrease of B- lymphocytes was more signifi cant at persons with EKG- signs of effort of adaptation and low level ..P. Hence, depression humoral a link of immunity (decrease Ig., Ig. and level B- lymphocytes) was more signifi cant in sportsmen with signs of effort of adaptable mechanisms. Conclusion: Thus, infl uence of signifi cant, long physical loadings on the immune status in many respects depends on a level of adaptable opportunities of sportsmen and the immune status is more considerably changed at sportsmen with an effort of adaptable mechanisms. It is shown in established decrease of Ig. and Ig. levels, B-lymphocytes number, imbalance T-helpers and Tsuppressors.
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