The manifestations of the athlete`s heart can create diagnostic challenges during an echocardiographic assessment. The classifications of the morphological and functional changes induced by sport participation are often beyond `normal limits` making it imperative to identify any overlap between pathology and normal physiology. The phenotype of the athlete`s heart is not exclusive to one chamber or function. Therefore, in this narrative review, we consider the effects of sporting discipline and training volume on the holistic athlete`s heart, as well as demographic factors including ethnicity, body size, sex, and age.
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