Objective We aimed to explore the training load characteristics of the Chinese rhythmic gymnastics group six weeks before the Tokyo Olympic Games in hopes of optimizing future training prior to international rhythmic gymnastics competitions. Equipment and methods We analyzed the training volumes and intensities of five female gymnasts by heart rate monitoring. We tested and recorded biochemical indicators, including blood urea nitrogen, cortisol, creatine kinase, testosterone, and hemoglobin, before and after the tapering period. Results The six weeks before the Olympic Games were divided into seven stages. The second week before the competition was still intensive, with a daily training impulse of 607.50, higher than the other six stages. The sixth week was a tapering period. Athletes reduced their training frequency by 20% and their total training impulse method by approximately 36% over six weeks. However, the technical training load was high two days before the competition, with approximately 15 daily routine exercises. Biochemical performance markers of two athletes showed a long recovery process. Five athletes had low hemoglobin; however, their levels did not meet the criteria for sports anemia. The tapering training mode, consisting of two tapering weeks, an intermediate week, and an intensive week, began three weeks before the games. When the training load changes dynamically, biochemical performance indicators, such as testosterone, creatinine kinase, and blood urea nitrogen, can be used to monitor rhythmic gymnasts for overtraining, and hemoglobin can be used to monitor the health of gymnasts.
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