This study compared passing network metrics between men`s and women`s football, considering contextual factors of team/opponent ranking, match stage, and players` position, aiming to understand women`s passing performance and how it differs from men`s matches. We analysed 128 matches (83,470 passes) from the 2023 Women`s World Cup and 2022 World Cup, considering 11 passing metrics (e.g. Degree-based, Centrality-based metrics) and used mixed linear models to identify differences. Results suggest top 16 teams in both cups showed better team cooperation (Decreased Average Weighted Degree, Average Degree, Density, <.05). Women`s teams showed less stability than men`s when facing top 16 teams (Decreased Average Clustering Coefficient, Average Weighted Degree, Average Degree, Density, <.05). Centre backs in both cups played a key role in team cooperation. (Highest value of Weighted Out-Degree, Weighted In-Degree, Weighted Degree, Out-degree, <.05). Detailed statistical values are reported in the results section. This study offers practical insights for coaches to design representative tasks that enhance stability under pressure for women`s teams. It also provides women`s baseline data for analysts. Future research should refine positional classifications and use continuous team ranking indicators to better reflect competitive context.
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