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    <item>
      <title>Physiologische Analyse zur Quantifizierung der Trainingsbelastung im Badminton</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 1997 07:51:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4002901</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4002901</guid>
      <author>Majumdar, P.</author>
      <author>Khanna, G. L.</author>
      <author>Malik, V.</author>
      <author>Sachdeva, S.</author>
      <author>Arif, M.</author>
      <author>Mandal, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportphysiologie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsdiagnostik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biochemie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsgestaltung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Badminton</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingssteuerung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Majumdar, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Khanna, G. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Malik, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sachdeva, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arif, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mandal, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[OBJECTIVE: To estimate the training load of specific on court training regimens based on the magnitude of variation of heart rate-lactate response during specific training and to determine the magnitude of variation of biochemical parameters (urea, uric acid, and creatine phosphokinase (CPK)) 12 hours after the specific training programme so as to assess training stress. METHODS: The study was conducted on six national male badminton players. Maximum oxygen consumption (VO2), ventilation (VE), heart rate, and respiratory quotient were measured by a protocol of graded treadmill exercise. Twelve training sessions and 35 singles matches were analysed. Heart rate and blood lactate were monitored during technical training routines and match play. Fasting blood samples collected on two occasions--that is, during off season and 12 hours after specific training--were analysed for serum urea, uric acid, and CPK. RESULTS: Analysis of the on court training regimens showed lactate values of 8-10.5 mmol/l in different phases. The percentage of maximum heart rate ranged from 82% to 100%. Urea, uric acid, and CPK activity showed significant changes from (mean (SD)) 4.93 (0.75) mmol/l to 5.49 (0.84) mmol/l, 0.23 (0.04) to 0.33 (0.06) mmol/l, and 312 (211.8) to 363 (216.4) IU/l respectively. CONCLUSION: Maximum lactate reported in the literature ranges from 3-6 mmol/l. Comparatively high lactate values and high percentage of maximum heart rate found in on court training show a considerable stress on muscular and cardiovascular system. The training load needs appropriate monitoring to avoid over-training. Workouts that are too intensive may interfere with coordination, a factor that is important in sports requiring highly technical skill such as badminton.  ]]></content:encoded>
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    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Physiologische Analyse zur Quantifizierung der Trainingsbelastung im Badminton</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 1997 07:51:47 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/3027583</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/3027583</guid>
      <author>Majumdar, P.</author>
      <author>Khanna, G. L.</author>
      <author>Malik, V.</author>
      <author>Sachdeva, S.</author>
      <author>Arif, M.</author>
      <author>Mandal, M.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Leistungsdiagnostik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Badminton</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Herz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreislauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Majumdar, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Khanna, G. L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Malik, V.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sachdeva, S.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Arif, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Mandal, M.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Mittels eines graduierten Laufbandtests wurden von 6 männlichen Nationalbadmintonspielern VO2max, Ventilation (VE), Herzfrequenz und Respirationsquotient ermittelt. Weiterhin wurden 12 Trainingseinheiten und 35 Einzelspiele analysiert. Während technischer Trainingsübungen und Badmintonspielens wurden Herzfrequenz und Blutlaktat kontrolliert. Zweimal - während der wettkampffreien Zeit und 12 Stunden nach einem spezifischen Training - wurden Blutproben in Ruhe entnommen und  Serumharnstoff, Harnsäure und Kreatinphosphorkinase (CPK) analysiert. 
Ergebnisse:
Die Analyse des Feldtrainings ergab Laktatwerte von 8 - 10.5 mmol/l in verschiedenen Phasen. Die %HFmax bewegte sich zwischen 82 und 100 %. Harnstoff, Harnsäure und CPK veränderten sich signifikant entsprechend von 4,93 auf 5,49 mmol/l, 0,23 auf 0,33 mmol/l und 312 auf 363 IU/l. 
Die in der Literatur angeführten Werte für Laktatmax bewegen sich von 3-6 mmol/l. Die in der vorliegenden Untersuchung ermittelten vergleichsweise hohen Laktatwerte und %HFmax-Werte beim Feldtraining zeigen eine erhebliche Belastung des muskulären und Herz-Kreislauf-Systems.]]></content:encoded>
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