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    <item>
      <title>Knochendichte bei Turnerinnen: Einfluss auf Muskelkraft und Geschlechtshormone</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jan 2002 07:43:16 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/3034465</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/3034465</guid>
      <author>Helge, E. W.</author>
      <author>Kanstrup, I. L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Gerätturnen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Rhythmische Sportgymnastik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Muskel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hormon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knochen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mineral</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Volumen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gewicht</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Helge, E. W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kanstrup, I. L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Zielstellung: 
Untersuchung der Körpermineraldichte (BMD) von dänischen Turnerinnen und der Beziehungen zwischen maximaler Muskelkraft, Geschlechtshormonen und Menstruationsstatus.
Methoden/Probanden:
Von 6 Turnerinnen, 5 Gymnastinnen und 6 Kontrollpersonen im Alter von 15-20 Jahren wurden ermittelt:
BMD: Lendenwirbelsäule, proximaler Oberschenkel, distaler Radius, Gesamtkörper.
Maximale Muskelkraft: isokinetische Rumpfstreckung, Rumpfbeugung und Kniestreckung.
Hormonspiegel: Östrogen und Progesteron in der Follikel- und Lutealphase.  
Ergebnisse:
3 von 6 Turnerinnen hatten Amenorrhoe, 2 Turnerinnen und 1 Gymnastin Oligomenorrhoe. Die BMD war bei den Turnerinnen in allen Lokalisationen außer dem Gesamtkörper höher als bei den Kontrollpersonen, bei den Gymnastinnen in allen Lokalisationen außen dem distalen Radius. Bei den Turnerinnen korrelierte die BMD mit der maximalen Muskelkraft und mit Progesteron.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Knochendichte bei Eliteturnerinnen: Auswirkung der Muskelkraft und Geschlechtshormone</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jan 2002 07:43:16 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4006656</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4006656</guid>
      <author>Helge, E. W.</author>
      <author>Kanstrup, I. L.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Gerätturnen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hormon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Knochen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Menstruation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mineral</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>weiblich</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Helge, E. W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Kanstrup, I. L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to investigate BMD in Danish female elite gymnasts and the relationships to maximal muscle strength, sex hormone concentrations, and menstrual status. METHODS: Six artistic gymnasts, five rhythmic gymnasts, and six controls aged 15-20 yr served as subjects. BMD (g.cm-2) of lumbar spine, proximal femur, distal radius, and whole body were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scanning. Maximal muscle strength (Nm) was measured in isokinetic trunk extension, trunk flexion, and knee extension. Serum concentrations of estrogen and progesterone in follicular and luteal phases were evaluated. RESULTS: Three out of six artistic gymnasts had amenorrhea, and two artistic and one rhythmic gymnast experienced oligomenorrhea. BMD in artistic gymnasts was greater than controls (24-45%, P < 0.05) in all sites except whole body. BMD in rhythmic gymnasts was greater than controls (4-26%, P < 0.05) in all sites except distal radius. In gymnasts, BMD correlated to both maximal muscle strength (0.60 < r < 0.85, P < 0.05) and serum progesterone (0.65 < r < 0.75, P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: In spite of oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea, it is possible for female gymnasts to maintain a high BMD in both the axial (L2-L4) and appendicular skeleton. The correlations between BMD and maximal muscle strength and progesterone concentration in gymnasts may indicate that within the same athletic group, progesterone concentration has a permissive role in bone formation, thus affecting the positive impact of muscle strength.]]></content:encoded>
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