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      <title>Wirkungen von Eiweiß- und Aminosäuresupplementierung auf die sportliche Leistung</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1999 10:17:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4000568</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4000568</guid>
      <author>Kreider, R. B.</author>
      <dc:format>elektronische Publikation</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Supplementierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kreatin</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>ergogenes Mittel</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eiweiß</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aminosäure</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>elektronische Publikation</dc:format>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kreider, R. B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This review  evaluates the theoretical rationale and potential effects on athletic performance of protein, purported anabolic amino acids,branched-chain amino acids, glutamine, creatine, and hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB). Of the  nutrients reviewed, creatine appears to have the greatest ergogenic potential for athletes involved in intense training.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Auswirkungen von Protein- und Aminosäuresupplementierung auf die sportliche Leistung</title>
      <pubDate>Fri, 01 Jan 1999 10:17:50 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4000421</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4000421</guid>
      <author>Kreider, R. B.</author>
      <dc:format>Forschungsergebnis</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Supplementierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Eiweiß</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Aminosäure</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>intermittierend</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Forschungsergebnis</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Kreider, R. B.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[This review evaluates the   theoretical rationale and potential effects on athletic performance of protein,   purported anabolic amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, glutamine,   creatine, and hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB).
FINDINGS:
Dietary supplementation of protein beyond that   necessary to maintain nitrogen balance does not provide additional benefits   for thletes. Ingesting carbohydrate with protein prior to or following exercise   may reduce catabolism, promote glycogen resynthesis, or promote a more   anabolic hormonal environment. Whether employing these strategies during   training enhances performance is not yet clear. There is some evidence from   clinical studies that certain amino acids (e.g., arginine, histidine, lysine,   methionine, ornithine, and phenylalanine) have anabolic effects by stimulating   the release of growth hormone, insulin, and/or glucocorticoids, but there is   little evidence that supplementation of these amino acids enhances athletic   performance. Branched-chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine, and valine)   and glutamine may be involved in exercise-induced central fatigue and   immune suppression, but their ergogenic value as supplements is equivocal   at present. Most studies indicate that creatine supplementation may be an effective and safe way to enhance performance of intermittent high-intensity   exercise and to enhance adaptations to training. Supplementation with   hydroxymethylbutyrate appears to reduce catabolism and increase gains in   strength and fat-free mass in untrained individuals initiating training; as yet,   limited data are available to decide how it affects training adaptations in   athletes. CONCLUSIONS:
Of the nutrients reviewed, creatine appears to   have the greatest ergogenic potential for athletes involved in intense training.]]></content:encoded>
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