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    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluss von Fußballtraining auf das Immunsystem</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1998 03:45:26 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4004262</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4004262</guid>
      <author>Rebelo, A. N.</author>
      <author>Candeias, J. R.</author>
      <author>Fraga, M. M.</author>
      <author>Duarte, J. A.</author>
      <author>Soares, J. M.</author>
      <author>Magalhaes, C.</author>
      <author>Torrinha, J. A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Immunität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsperiodisierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Zelle</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Rebelo, A. N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Candeias, J. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fraga, M. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Duarte, J. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Soares, J. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Magalhaes, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Torrinha, J. A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the level of some immune markers changed in soccer players during pre-season and during playing-season. DESIGN: An observational study for one soccer season (one year). SETTING: Professional soccer players. PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen professional soccer players (age: 26.3 +/- 3.7 years). MEASURES: The effect of 11 months of soccer training sessions and matches on circulating leukocyte and lymphocyte subpopulations was investigated. Blood samples were taken before the season and also 6 weeks, 6 months and 11 months later. All samples were taken at 08:00 h. RESULTS: Total lymphocyte counts did not change in all samples. During the pre-season, however, the concentrations of some inflammatory lymphocyte subpopulations were changed: CD4CD45RA+ was elevated and CD57 and CD8CD57 showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05), At the competitive period, CD4 and CD8 were increased. At the end of the season there were significant changes in some immune cells: total leukocyte and neutrophil number and CD8+ cell concentration was increased compared to pre-season values and the CD4/CD8 ratio was decreased. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that athletes exposed to a long-term training periods can exhibit variations in some immune cells. The clinical significance of these variations requires more detailed investigation.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Der Einfluß von Fußballtraining auf das Immunsystem</title>
      <pubDate>Thu, 01 Jan 1998 03:45:26 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/3029187</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/3029187</guid>
      <author>Rebelo, A. N.</author>
      <author>Candeias, J. R.</author>
      <author>Fraga, M. M.</author>
      <author>Duarte, J. A. R.</author>
      <author>Soares, J. M. C.</author>
      <author>Magalhaes, C.</author>
      <author>Torrinha, J. A.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Fußball</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Immunität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Rebelo, A. N.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Candeias, J. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fraga, M. M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Duarte, J. A. R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Soares, J. M. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Magalhaes, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Torrinha, J. A.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Untersucht wurde, ob sich der Wert ausgewählter Immunparameter bei Fußballspielern während der Vor- und der Spielsaison verändert.
13 Fußballprofis wurden untersucht. 
Untersucht wurde die Auswirkung eines 11 monatigen Trainings- und Spielbetriebs auf Leukozyten und Lymphozyten. Zu Beginn der Saison, 6 Wochen sowie 6 und 11 Monate später erfolgten Blutentnahmen.
Ergebnisse:
Keine Veränderung zeigte die Gesamtzahl der Lymphozyten. In der Vorsaison veränderte sich jedoch die Konzentration einiger inflammatorischer Lymphozyten-Subpopulationen, von denen sich einige zum Ende der Spielsaison erhöhten. Am Saisonende zeigten sich signifikante Veränderungen in einigen Immunzellen: Erhöhungen wurden registriert bei Gesamtleukozythen- und Neutrophilzahl sowie CD8+Zellen, verringert hat sich dagegen die CD4/CD8-Ratio.
Die Ergebnisse zeigen, daß lange Trainingsperioden Veränderungen in einigen Immunzellen hervorrufen können.]]></content:encoded>
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