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    <item>
      <title>Der Hechtsprung bei den Turnweltmeisterschaften 1995: Bestimmungsmodell und Kampfrichterbewertung</title>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2000 05:11:01 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4004953</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4004953</guid>
      <author>Takei, Y.</author>
      <author>Blucker, E. P.</author>
      <author>Nohara, H.</author>
      <author>Yamashita, N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Pferdsprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kampfrichter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gerätturnen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Takei, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Blucker, E. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nohara, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yamashita, N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The aim of this study was to determine the mechanical variables that govern success of the Hecht vault. The participants were 122 male gymnasts from 30 countries performing the vault at the 1995 World Gymnastics Championships. The vaults were filmed using a Photosonics 16-mm motion picture camera operating at 100 Hz. Approximately 80 frames were digitized for each vault analysed. The method of Hay and Reid was used to develop a theoretical model to identify the mechanical and physical variables that determine linear and angular motions of the vault. Correlational analysis was used to establish the strength of the relationship between the causal mechanical variables identified in the model and the judges' scores. Significant correlations (P < 0.005) indicated that the following were important determinants of success: large horizontal and vertical velocities at take-off from the board and the horse; large vertical and angular distances of pre-flight; large vertical impulses of high force and short duration exerted on the horse and the resulting large changes in vertical velocity on the horse; and large horizontal and vertical distances and long times of post-flight. Of the 18 significant variables identified in the present study, the angular distance of pre- and post-flights, the horizontal velocity and angular momentum at take-off from the horse, and the average moment of inertia and duration of post-flight collectively accounted for 57% of the variation in the judges' scores.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Der Hechtsprung bei den Turnweltmeisterschaften 1995: Bestimmungsmodell und Kampfrichterbewertung</title>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2000 05:11:01 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/3032139</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/3032139</guid>
      <author>Takei, Y.</author>
      <author>Blucker, E. P.</author>
      <author>Nohara, H.</author>
      <author>Yamashita, N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Gerätturnen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Pferdsprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kampfrichter</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewertung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Takei, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Blucker, E. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nohara, H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yamashita, N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Zielstellung: 
Bestimmung der mechanischen Variablen, die zu einem erfolgreichen Hechtsprung beitragen.
Methoden/Probanden:
Probanden waren 122 männliche Turner aus 30 Ländern, die den Hechtsprung bei den Turn-WM 1995 ausführten. Die Sprünge wurden gefilmt und ca. 80 Frames für jeden analysierten Sprung digitalisiert. Nach der Methode von HAY und REID wurde ein theoretisches Modell zur Ermittlung der mechanischen und physikalischen Variablen entwickelt, die die linearen und Winkelbewegungen des Sprunges bestimmen. Über Korrelationsanalyse wurde die Beziehung zwischen den im Modell bestimmten kausalen mechanischen Variablen und der Kampfrichterbewertung untersucht.
Ergebnisse:
Signifikante Beziehungen verweisen darauf, dass folgende Parameter wichtige Determinanten des Erfolges sind: Große horizontale und vertikale Geschwindigkeiten beim Absprung vom Brett und Abdruck vom Pferd; große vertikale und Winkeldistanzen in der 1. Flugphase; große vertikale Impulse von hoher Kraft und kurze Verweildauer auf dem Pferd und resultierende große Veränderungen in der Verikalgeschwindigkeit auf dem Pferd; große horizontale und vertikale Distanzen und zeitlich lange 2. Flugphase.
Von den 18 signifikanten Variablen, die in der vorliegenden Studie bestimmt wurden, machten die Winkeldistanz der 1. und 2. Flugphase, die horizontale Geschwindigkeit und der Drehimpuls beim Abdruck vom Pferd, das durchschnittliche Trägheitsmoment und die Dauer der 2. Flugphase 57% der Variation in der Kampfrichterbewertung aus.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Der Hechtsprung ausgeführt bei den Weltmeisterschaften im Kunstturnen 1995: Deterministisches Modell und Kampfrichterbewertung</title>
      <pubDate>Sat, 01 Jan 2000 05:11:01 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4004733</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4004733</guid>
      <author>Takei, Y.</author>
      <author>Blucker, E. P.</author>
      <author>Nohara, A. H.</author>
      <author>Yamashita, N.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Biomechanik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gerätturnen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>männlich</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Pferdsprung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Takei, Y.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Blucker, E. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Nohara, A. H.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Yamashita, N.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The aim of this study was to determine the mechanical variables that govern success of the Hecht vault. The participants were 122 male gymnasts from 30 countries performing the vault at the 1995 World Gymnastics Championships. The vaults were filmed using a Photosonics 16-mm motion picture camera operating at 100 Hz. Approximately 80 frames were digitized for each vault analysed. The method of Hay and Reid was used to develop a theoretical model to identify the mechanical and physical variables that determine linear and angular motions of the vault. Correlational analysis was used to establish the strength of the relationship between the causal mechanical variables identified in the model and the judges' scores. Significant correlations (P < 0.005) indicated that the following were important determinants of success: large horizontal and vertical velocities at take-off from the board and the horse; large vertical and angular distances of pre-flight; large vertical impulses of high force and short duration exerted on the horse and the resulting large changes in vertical velocity on the horse; and large horizontal and vertical distances and long times of post-flight. Of the 18 significant variables identified in the present study, the angular distance of pre- and post-flights, the horizontal velocity and angular momentum at take-off from the horse, and the average moment of inertia and duration of post-flight collectively accounted for 57% of the variation in the judges' scores.]]></content:encoded>
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