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    <title>Results for Versions - 4007395</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Möglichkeiten des Widerstandstrainings: Spezifik und Effektivität</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 1995 13:48:10 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4007395</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4007395</guid>
      <author>Morrissey, M. C.</author>
      <author>Harman, E. A.</author>
      <author>Johnson, M. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Morrissey, M. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Harman, E. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Johnson, M. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[There is considerable demand for information on the effectiveness of various resistance exercises for improving physical performance, and on how exercise programs must match functional activities to produce the greatest performance gains (training specificity). Evidence supports exercise-type specificity; the greatest training effects occur when the same exercise type is used for both testing and training. Range-of-motion (ROM) specificity is supported; strength improvements are greatest at the exercised joint angles, with enough carryover to strengthen ROMs precluded from direct training due to injury. Velocity specificity is supported; strength gains are consistently greatest at the training velocity, with some carryover. Some studies have produced a training effect only for velocities at and below the training velocity while others have produced effects around the training velocity. The little, mainly isokinetic, evidence comparing different exercise velocities for improving functional performance suggests that faster exercise best improves fast athletic movements. Yet isometric exercise can improve actions like the vertical jump, which begin slowly. The rate of force application may be more important in training than actual movement speed. More research is needed into the specificity and efficacy of resistance exercise. Test populations should include both males and females of various ages and rehabilitation patients.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Methoden des Widerstandstrainings: Spezifik und Wirksamkeit</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 1995 13:48:10 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4003371</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4003371</guid>
      <author>Morrissey, M. C.</author>
      <author>Harman, E. A.</author>
      <author>Johnson, M. J.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Kraft</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Training</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingsmethode</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Trainingswirkung</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Morrissey, M. C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Harman, E. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Johnson, M. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Research on various types of resistance training and research findings were reviewed. The authors were prepared to offer opinions based on the strength of collective studies. 
- Isometric versus Concentric Training
- Isometric versus Eccentric Training 
- Isometric versus Concentric/Eccentric (Dynamic) Training
- Concentric versus Eccentric Resistance Training 
- Weight Training versus Isokinetic  Exercise
- Contraction Velocity 
- Range of Motion Specificity 
Implications: 
This is an excellent review of the research. It tangentially points out that there is not much hard evidence supporting strength training as a viable means for improving athletic (functional) performance. When most studies test on the activities which are trained, and improvements are shown, that may simply be an artifact of a training effect rather than a strength effect. Because arm-curl strength is improved through training does not mean that activities involving the arm will be improved in trained athletes although there may be some improvements in sedentary individuals.]]></content:encoded>
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