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    <item>
      <title>Auswirkung der steigenden Energiekosten auf die Armkoordination bei Elite-Sprint-Schwimmer</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 2012 22:06:48 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4027715</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4027715</guid>
      <author>Figueiredo, P.</author>
      <author>Seifert, L.</author>
      <author>Vilas-Boas, J. P.</author>
      <author>Fernandes, R. J.</author>
      <dc:format>elektronische Publikation</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Belastungsintensität</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Technik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Kraulschwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Vortrieb</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>dreidimensional</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Geschwindigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hydrodynamik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Energie</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>elektronische Publikation</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Figueiredo, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Seifert, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vilas-Boas, J. P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fernandes, R. J.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The aim of the present study was to examine the inter-subject variability in inter-arm coordination during front crawl swimming at high intensity. Ten male competitive swimmers swam 200 m front crawl at race pace. Two above water and four underwater cameras videotaped the test and APAS was used to assess the 3D anatomical points position and to calculate, afterwards, the angular position, velocity and the continuous relative phase, which was used to analyze upper limbs coupling during two arm stroke cycles for each 50 m lap of the 200 m front crawl event. The kinematics of the two arm stroke cycles was filtered and normalized to the total cycle duration. A significant decrease, caused by fatigue, was observed in the biomechanical and coordinative (temporal) parameters. The topography of the mean continuous relative phase curve showed a higher inter-subject variability between two groups (63.1  vs. 76.0 ; p < .05), suggesting that several profiles of interlimb coordination exist. Two clusters arose from the coordination profiling, which mainly stemmed from organismic constraints (i.e., the swimmer`s technique).]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Auswirkung der steigenden Energiekosten auf die Armkoordination bei Elite-Sprint-Schwimmer</title>
      <pubDate>Sun, 01 Jan 2012 22:06:48 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4025649</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4025649</guid>
      <author>Komar, J.</author>
      <author>Lepretre, P.-M.</author>
      <author>Alberty, M.</author>
      <author>Vantorre, J.</author>
      <author>Fernandes, R. J.</author>
      <author>Hellard, P.</author>
      <author>Chollet, D.</author>
      <author>Seifert, L.</author>
      <dc:format>elektronische Publikation</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Schwimmen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Bewegung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Analyse</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Vortrieb</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ermüdung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hydrodynamik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Frequenz</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Arm</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Energie</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>elektronische Publikation</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Komar, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lepretre, P.-M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Alberty, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Vantorre, J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Fernandes, R. J.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hellard, P.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chollet, D.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Seifert, L.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to analyze the changes in stroke parameters, motor organization and swimming efficiency with increasing energy cost in aquatic locomotion. Seven elite sprint swimmers performed a 6 × 300-m incremental swimming test. Stroke parameters (speed, stroke rate and stroke length), motor organization (arm stroke phases and arm coordination index), swimming efficiency (swimming speed squared and hand speed squared) and stroke index were calculated from aerial and underwater side-view cameras. The energy cost of locomotion was assessed by measuring oxygen consumption and blood lactate. Results showed that the increase in energy cost of locomotion was correlated to an increase in the index of coordination and stroke rate, and a decrease in stroke length (p < .05). Furthermore, indicators of swimming efficiency and stroke index did not change significantly with the speed increments (p < .05), indicating that swimmers did not decrease their efficiency despite the increase in energy cost. In parallel, an increase in the index of coordination IdC and stroke rate were observed, along with a decrease in stroke length, stroke index and hand speed squared with each increment, revealing an adaptation to the fatigue within the 300 m.]]></content:encoded>
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