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    <title>Results for Versions - 4029903</title>
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    <item>
      <title>Der Effekt von Eisbrei und Mundausspülen auf die Thermoregulation und Ausdauerleistung unter Hitzebedingungen</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jan 2013 14:46:28 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4030784</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4030784</guid>
      <author>Burdon, C. A.</author>
      <author>Hoon, M. W.</author>
      <author>Johnson, N. A.</author>
      <author>Chapman, P. G.</author>
      <author>O'Connor, H. T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauerdisziplinen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Radsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Thermoregulation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Umwelt</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Temperatur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Flüssigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Burdon, C. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hoon, M. W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Johnson, N. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chapman, P. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>O'Connor, H. T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to establish whether sensory factors associated with cold-beverage ingestion exert an ergogenic effect on endurance performance independent of thermoregulatory or cardiovascular factors. Methods: Ten males performed three trials involving 90 min of steady state cycling (SS; 62% VO2max) in the heat (32.1 ± 0.9 °C, 40 ± 2.4% relative humidity) followed by a 4 kJ/kg body mass time trial (TT). During SS, participants consumed an identical volume (260 ± 38g) of sports beverage (7.4% carbohydrate) every 15 min as either ice slushy (-1 °C; ICE), thermoneutral liquid (37 °C; CON), or thermoneutral liquid consumption with expectorated ice slushy mouthwash (WASH). Results: Rectal temperature, hydration status, heart rate, and skin blood flow were not different between trials. Gastrointestinal (pill) temperature was lower in ICE (35.6 ± 2.7 °C) versus CON (37.4 ± 0.7 °C, p = .05). Heat storage tended to be lower with ICE during SS (14.7 ± 8.4W.m-2, p = .08) and higher during TT (68.9 ± 38.6W.m-2, p = .03) compared with CON (22.1 ± 6.6 and 31.4 ± 27.6W.m-2). ICE tended to lower the rating of perceived exertion (RPE, 12.9 ± 0.6, p = .05) and improve thermal comfort (TC, 4.5 ± 0.2; p = .01) vs. CON (13.8 ± 1.0 and 5.2 ± 0.2 respectively). WASH RPE (13.0 ± 0.8) and TC (4.8 ± 0.2) tended to be lower versus CON (p = .07 and p = .09 respectively). ICE improved performance (18:28 ± 1:03) compared with CON (20:24 ± 1:46) but not WASH (19:45 ± 1:43). Conclusion: Improved performance with ICE ingestion likely resulted from the creation of a gastrointestinal heat sink, reducing SS heat storage. Although the benefits of cold-beverage consumption are more potent when there is ingestion, improved RPE, TC, and meaningful performance improvement with WASH supports an independent sensory effect of presenting a cold stimulus to the mouth.]]></content:encoded>
      <slash:comments>0</slash:comments>
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    <item>
      <title>Die Auswirkung der Einnahme von Eisbrei und dem Ausspülen des Mundes auf die Thermoregulation und Ausdauerleistung unter heißen Umgebungstemperaturen</title>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Jan 2013 14:46:28 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4029903</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4029903</guid>
      <author>Burdon, C. A.</author>
      <author>Hoon, M. W.</author>
      <author>Johnson, N. A.</author>
      <author>Chapman, P. G.</author>
      <author>O'Connor, H. T.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Flüssigkeit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Relation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Temperatur</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Regulation</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Körper</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leistung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauerdisziplinen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Radsport</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Thermoregulation</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>Burdon, C. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Hoon, M. W.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Johnson, N. A.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Chapman, P. G.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>O'Connor, H. T.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The purpose of this study was to establish whether sensory factors associated with cold-beverage ingestion exert an ergogenic effect on endurance performance independent of thermoregulatory or cardiovascular factors. 
Methods: Ten males performed three trials involving 90 min of steady state cycling (SS; 62% VO2max) in the heat (32.1 ± 0.9 °C, 40 ± 2.4% relative humidity) followed by a 4 kJ/kg body mass time trial (TT). During SS, participants consumed an identical volume (260 ± 38g) of sports beverage (7.4% carbohydrate) every 15 min as either ice slushy (-1 °C; ICE), thermoneutral liquid (37 °C; CON), or thermoneutral liquid consumption with expectorated ice slushy mouthwash (WASH). 
Results: Rectal temperature, hydration status, heart rate, and skin blood flow were not different between trials. Gastrointestinal (pill) temperature was lower in ICE (35.6 ± 2.7 °C) versus CON (37.4 ± 0.7 °C, p = .05). Heat storage tended to be lower with ICE during SS (14.7 ± 8.4W.m-2, p = .08) and higher during TT (68.9 ± 38.6W.m-2, p = .03) compared with CON (22.1 ± 6.6 and 31.4 ± 27.6W.m-2). ICE tended to lower the rating of perceived exertion (RPE, 12.9 ± 0.6, p = .05) and improve thermal comfort (TC, 4.5 ± 0.2; p = .01) vs. CON (13.8 ± 1.0 and 5.2 ± 0.2 respectively). WASH RPE (13.0 ± 0.8) and TC (4.8 ± 0.2) tended to be lower versus CON (p = .07 and p = .09 respectively). ICE improved performance (18:28 ± 1:03) compared with CON (20:24 ± 1:46) but not WASH (19:45 ± 1:43). 
Conclusion: Improved performance with ICE ingestion likely resulted from the creation of a gastrointestinal heat sink, reducing SS heat storage. Although the benefits of cold-beverage consumption are more potent when there is ingestion, improved RPE, TC, and meaningful performance improvement with WASH supports an independent sensory effect of presenting a cold stimulus to the mouth.]]></content:encoded>
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