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      <title>Die Effektivität transdermaler Eisenpflaster bei Sportlern mit suboptimalem Eisenstatus (Teil 1)</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2020 02:46:55 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4061331</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4061331</guid>
      <author>McCormick, R.</author>
      <author>Dawson, B.</author>
      <author>Sim, M.</author>
      <author>Lester, L.</author>
      <author>Goodman, C.</author>
      <author>Peeling, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Supplementierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mineral</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Krankheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Hormon</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>McCormick, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dawson, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sim, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lester, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Goodman, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Peeling, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[Dietary intake alone is often insufficient to fulfill the iron demands of an athlete. This issue has manifested in the ongoing high rates of iron deficiency (ID) among male (~3% to 11%) and female (~15% to 35%) athletes (Sim et al., 2019). Symptoms of ID include lethargy, fatigue, and, in more severe cases, reduced work capacity (Haas & Brownlie, 2001), which may impede training and performance outcomes in athletes. Iron balance is a challenge for athletes because they encounter additional mechanisms of iron loss during exercise, including sweating, hematuria, gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding, and hemolysis (Peeling et al., 2008). Negative iron balance ensues when athletes consume a suboptimal amount of dietary iron to counteract these losses. In addition, these losses can be difficult to restore due to the low bioavailability of dietary iron (15-35% for heme and 2-20% for nonheme; Craig, 1994) and the inability to endogenously replenish taxed iron stores (Sim et al., 2019). Furthermore, recent research has identified a link between exercise-induced inflammation and an increase in the primary iron regulatory hormone, hepcidin. Hepcidin is reported to peak at 3 hr and remain elevated for 6 hr postexercise, and is linked to suppressed dietary iron absorption and recycling by duodenal enterocytes and macrophages, respectively (Nemeth et al., 2004; Peeling et al., 2009). Therefore, athletes will often need to consider supplemental sources of iron, beyond dietary sources, to achieve healthy iron status.]]></content:encoded>
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    <item>
      <title>Die Effektivität transdermaler Eisenpflaster bei Sportlern mit suboptimalem Eisenstatus (Teil 2</title>
      <pubDate>Wed, 01 Jan 2020 02:46:55 +0100</pubDate>
      <link>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4061332</link>
      <guid>https://sponet.de/sponet/Record/4061332</guid>
      <author>McCormick, R.</author>
      <author>Dawson, B.</author>
      <author>Sim, M.</author>
      <author>Lester, L.</author>
      <author>Goodman, C.</author>
      <author>Peeling, P.</author>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:subject>Ernährung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauer</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Ausdauerdisziplinen</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Supplementierung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Mineral</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Gesundheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Krankheit</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportler</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Therapie</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Verdauung</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Lauf</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Leichtathletik</dc:subject>
      <dc:subject>Sportmedizin</dc:subject>
      <dc:format>Artikel</dc:format>
      <dc:creator>McCormick, R.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Dawson, B.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Sim, M.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Lester, L.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Goodman, C.</dc:creator>
      <dc:creator>Peeling, P.</dc:creator>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[The authors compared the effectiveness of daily (DAY) versus alternate day (ALT) oral iron supplementation in athletes with suboptimal iron. Endurance-trained runners (nine males and 22 females), with serum ferritin (sFer) concentrations <50 µg/L, supplemented with oral iron either DAY or ALT for 8 weeks. Serum ferritin was measured at baseline and at fortnightly intervals. Hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) was measured pre- and postintervention in a participant subset (n = 10). Linear mixed-effects models were used to assess the effectiveness of the two strategies on sFer and Hbmass. There were no sFer treatment (p = .928) or interaction (p = .877) effects; however, sFer did increase (19.7 µg/L; p < .001) over the 8-week intervention in both groups. In addition, sFer was 21.2 µg/L higher (p < .001) in males than females. No Hbmass treatment (p = .146) or interaction (p = .249) effects existed; however, a significant effect for sex indicated that Hbmass was 140.85 g higher (p = .004) in males compared with females. Training load (p = .001) and dietary iron intake (p = .015) also affected Hbmass. Finally, there were six complaints of severe gastrointestinal side effects in DAY, but only one in ALT. In summary, both supplement strategies increased sFer in athletes with suboptimal iron status; however, the ALT approach was associated with lower incidence of gastrointestinal upset.]]></content:encoded>
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