Sport and exercise participation have moved towards gender equality. However, our current understanding of exercise physiology is mainly developed via research on men, and there is sparse understanding of women`s exercise physiology due to limited consideration for sex-specific differences such as the hormonal regulation of behavioral and adaptive mechanisms. In this presentation, I will present the Female endurance athlete (FENDURA) project where we aim to solve some of these questions and provide scientific basis for optimising long-term training responses and performance development of female athletes in endurance sports and in the prevention of menstrual-related side-effects. Scientific background and preliminary plans for the planned studies will be presented. These are aimed to: 1) Compare the physiological, performance and training development of female world-class competitors in cross-country (XC) skiing and biathlon to those who had similar potential, but did not succeed. 2) Examine how the menstrual cycle (MC) and hormonal contraceptives influence training quality, performance, and possible side-effects in female XC skiers and biathletes. 3) Investigate the effects of periodizing strength and endurance training according to the hormonal fluctuations of the MC on the development of strength and endurance capacity in female XC skiers and biathletes.
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